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Abdominal Obesity

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A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X.

Also Known As:

Obesity, Abdominal; Obesity, Visceral; Visceral Obesity; Abdominal Obesities; Central Obesities; Obesities, Abdominal; Obesities, Central; Obesities, Visceral; Obesity, Central; Visceral Obesities; Central Obesity

Networked: 3538 relevant articles (66 outcomes, 357 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance
2.	Obesity
3.	Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia)
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
5.	Dyslipidemias (Dyslipidemia)

Experts

1.	Després, Jean-Pierre: 29 articles (10/2013 - 07/2002)
2.	Watts, Gerald F: 19 articles (10/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Onat, Altan: 18 articles (08/2015 - 11/2002)
4.	Chan, Dick C: 17 articles (10/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Barrett, P Hugh R: 15 articles (10/2015 - 05/2002)
6.	Azizi, Fereidoun: 14 articles (11/2015 - 07/2003)
7.	Bergeron, Jean: 14 articles (10/2013 - 02/2002)
8.	Can, Günay: 13 articles (08/2015 - 12/2005)
9.	Després, J P: 13 articles (01/2006 - 04/2000)
10.	Björntorp, P: 13 articles (07/2003 - 01/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Abdominal Obesity:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "Functional dilator capacity is independently associated with insulin sensitivity and age in central obesity and is not improved by high dose statin treatment." 03/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the independent associations between physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), abdominal obesity and insulin action in obese women. " 01/01/2009 - "This study uses a large existent cohort of patients and will generate valuable information as to the continuing effects of exercise specifically targeting cardiovascular function and disease risk, insulin metabolism, abdominal obesity, physical function, quality of life and psychological distress. " 01/01/2008 - "Relationship of abdominal obesity measured by DXA and waist circumference with insulin sensitivity in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white individuals: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study." 01/01/2006 - "We studied the effects of 9 months of GH treatment on 11betaHSD activity and its relationship with body composition and insulin sensitivity in 30 men with abdominal obesity, aged 48-66 years, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. "
2.	HDL CholesterolIBA 05/01/1995 - "Patients with central obesity and other associated disturbances showed maximal reduction in BP and other cardiovascular risk factors with a significantly greater increase in HDL-cholesterol. " 07/01/2001 - "Results of the present study suggest that regular endurance exercise training may be particularly helpful in men with low HDL cholesterol, elevated TGs, and abdominal obesity." 02/01/2012 - "The most common MetS parameters findings of our study were abdominal obesity (45.6%, waist circumference>88 cm) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. " 06/01/2003 - "Low HDL cholesterol was the most common component (75.4%) of the metabolic syndrome among the study population followed by abdominal obesity (24.6%). " 01/01/2016 - "However, fried food consumption was not associated with other metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity, high FPG, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and the metabolic syndrome). "
3.	Triglycerides (Triacylglycerol)IBA 07/01/2013 - "Age ≥ 65 years (versus <65 years) was also associated with significantly greater attainment of all LDL-C and non-HDL-C targets, whereas abdominal obesity, gender (female > male) and lower baseline LDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, and hs-CRP were associated with improved attainment for some of these targets. " 01/01/2014 - "Abdominal obesity was found in 91.6% of the study population, elevated blood pressure in 78.3%; elevated serum triacylglycerols in 57.8%, and reduced serum HDL-C in 55.9%. " 09/01/2005 - "Abdominal obesity was the most common component in the study population (33.1%) closely followed by raised serum triglycerides (32.2%) and elevated systolic blood pressure (29.5%). " 10/01/2015 - "About 45 % of women had the MetS, with the prevalence of the individual components ranging from 68 % for abdominal obesity to 33 % for elevated triglycerides. " 06/01/2015 - "Publication criteria on harmonization for metabolic syndrome were considered: 3 of the following 5 criteria: presence of central obesity (abdominal girth > 90 cm for men and > 80 cm for women),TA 130/85, Triglycerides > 150 mg%, Glycemia > 100 mg% and HDL < 40 mg% Men, < 50 mg% Women. "
4.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 06/05/2011 - "Aims/Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the predictors of deterioration of glucose tolerance in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and abdominal obesity, and whether a lifestyle intervention to reduce visceral fat is effective in these individuals. " 03/03/2015 - "Effects of exercise amount and intensity on abdominal obesity and glucose tolerance in obese adults: a randomized trial." 03/01/2015 - "Mother-daughter correlation of central obesity and other noncommunicable disease risk factors: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study." 06/01/2013 - "Moreover, studies in patients with abdominal obesity demonstrate a marked effect of GH therapy on body composition and on lipid and glucose homeostasis. " 07/01/2010 - "The analysis of anthropometric para meters revealed that individuals with a high index of central obesity had a statistically significantly lower tissue glucose utilization (TGU) (3.23 vs. 4.89 mg/kg/min; P = 0.02), although there were no obese patients in the study group according to the body mass index. "
5.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Majority of studies that focused on the influence of abdominal obesity on lipoprotein profile, were conducted in the fasting conditions. " 01/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was first to seek new MTP gene variants and then to verify whether MTP gene polymorphisms were associated with plasma lipoprotein/lipid levels in men with visceral obesity. " 12/01/2014 - "Odds ratios (with their 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) of gender (women vs. men) were 2.00 [95% CI: 1.48 to 2.69] for abdominal obesity, 1.48 [95% CI: 1.15 to 1.91]) for high pulse pressure, 1.48 [95% CI: 1.13 to 1.92] for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, 1.77 [95% CI: 1.32 to 2.37] for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and 1.68 [95% CI: 1.28 to 2.21] for metabolic syndrome diagnosed by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. " 11/01/2014 - "The relationships between HDL catabolism and other variables that may be modified in abdominal obesity, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subspecies (VLDL1, VLDL2) kinetics, liver fat, or visceral adiposity, remain to be investigated. " 11/01/2014 - "Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of multiple risk factors that contribute to the onset of cardiovascular disorder, including lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and abdominal obesity. "
6.	CholesterolIBA 05/01/2015 - "The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum cholesterol level and abdominal obesity in adult men and women in the north of Iran. " 11/01/2009 - "There are few studies that compare measures of diagnostic accuracy for selected waist cutoff points and the criteria of abdominal obesity given by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). " 11/01/2006 - "National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III, a modified Adult Treatment Panel III that adopts the World Health Organization's criterion for central obesity in Asian populations, and one recently proposed by the International Diabetes Federation, were used in the study. " 11/01/2015 - "(i) Children with central obesity were characterized by higher percentages of Th17 cells as compared to children from the control group; (ii) in the peripheral blood of patients with long-term type 1 diabetes the Th17 cell counts were higher compared to the control group; (iii) total plasma cholesterol concentration correlated positively with Th17/Treg cells ratio; and (iv) among patients with long-term diabetes, disease duration correlated positively with Th17 cell count and Th17/Th1 cell ratio. " 05/01/2015 - "The association between abdominal obesity and serum cholesterol level."
7.	AdiponectinIBA 01/01/2013 - "In conclusion, circulating adiponectin levels were independently associated with dysglycemia in non-fasting Japanese employees with metabolic risk factors, but they improved the screening capacity only in those without abdominal obesity. " 01/01/2014 - "The present study results suggest that prevention of abdominal obesity could contribute to the prevention of lower adiponectin levels, especially in boys." 01/01/2014 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity and serum adiponectin complexes among population-based elementary school children in Japan. " 01/01/2014 - "There are a limited number of studies regarding the association between abdominal obesity and serum adiponectin complexes (high, medium, and low molecular weight adiponectins) among population-based elementary school children, especially in Japan, where blood collection is not usually performed during annual health examinations of school children. " 11/01/2015 - "Adiponectin levels (ADPN) are lower in individuals with central obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. "
8.	Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseIBA 04/01/2007 - "The intervention promoted a decrease in the prevalence of NAFLD, a significant decrease in visceral obesity, and improved HOMA-IR, glycemia, and serum lipid levels that are risk factors for NAFLD. " 11/01/2007 - "Visceral fat thickness can be measured by sonography easily, noninvasively, and repeatedly for assessment of central obesity and monitoring of the efficacy of treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." 08/01/2015 - "In this study, associations between abdominal obesity, as assessed by abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and the characteristics of patients with NAFLD were explored. " 02/07/2015 - "The online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science were searched for studies estimating the influence of central obesity on NAFLD occurrence published through April 2014. " 01/01/2015 - "Higher association of coronary artery calcification with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than with abdominal obesity in middle-aged Korean men: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study."
9.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)IBA 01/01/2015 - "After adjusting for age and BMI, MS was associated with a 1.46-fold increase in CAC (95% CI:1.02-2.09), abdominal obesity was associated with a 1.45-fold increase (95% CI:1.04-2.04), elevated fasting blood glucose was associated with a 2-fold increase (95% CI:1.36-2.94), and MS and smoking combined were associated with 2.44-fold increase in CAC. " 01/01/2015 - "Among MS components, abdominal obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose were correlated with CAC. " 01/01/2014 - "Central obesity indices were highly associated with blood sugar level. " 06/01/2013 - "In men with the abdominal obesity, the higher levels of WBC count, high serum triglyceride and blood glucose levels, a low serum HDL level, and raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed. " 09/01/2012 - "Psoriatic patients also had a higher prevalence of triglyceridemia (33.9% vs. 20.8%, P value = 0.011), abdominal obesity (34.7% vs. 32.5%, P value = 0.035) and elevated blood sugar. "
10.	rimonabantIBA 08/27/2008 - "Ongoing studies aim at further demonstrating the potential of rimonabant in the management of type 2 diabetes, in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and in the protection against cardiovascular complications in (diabetic) patients with abdominal obesity." 07/01/2011 - "Effect of rimonabant on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) progression in patients with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome: the AUDITOR Trial." 05/16/2006 - "As an agent with a novel mechanism of action, rimonabant has a potential to be a useful adjunct to lifestyle and behavior modification in treatment of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors, including abdominal obesity and smoking." 07/01/2011 - "A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Atherosclerosis Underlying Development assessed by Intima-media Thickness in patients On Rimonabant (AUDITOR)) randomised 661 patients with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome to rimonabant or placebo for 30 months of treatment. " 01/01/2009 - "Rimonabant is a useful option for patients with abdominal obesity and with related cardiometabolic risk abnormalities such as an atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or type 2 diabetes."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Caloric Restriction 07/01/2011 - "Increasing low fat milk consumption significantly reduces the general and central obesity beyond a low calorie diet." 01/01/2003 - "To compare the efficiency of low-calorie diet and low-calorie diet applied together with laser acupuncture in the therapy of visceral obesity in postmenopausal women. " 01/01/2003 - "Laser acupuncture and low-calorie diet during visceral obesity therapy after menopause." 07/18/2000 - "Weight loss induced by increased daily physical activity without caloric restriction substantially reduces obesity (particularly abdominal obesity) and insulin resistance in men. " 05/01/1999 - "Numerous metabolic complications are associated with abdominal obesity and most of them, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemias and arterial hypertension, appear to be linked to insulin resistance and may be part of the socalled metabolic syndrome or syndrome X. While very-low-calorie diets are usually effective in the short-term, they cannot, in the long-term and for most patients, solve the problem of severe obesity. "
2.	Bariatric Surgery 09/01/2011 - "Visceral obesity is a negative predictor of remission of diabetes 1 year after bariatric surgery." 11/01/2013 - "The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential impact of plasma LPS on abdominal obesity and glycemic control in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. " 11/01/2013 - "Plasma lipopolysaccharide is closely associated with glycemic control and abdominal obesity: evidence from bariatric surgery." 12/01/2003 - "Whether central obesity has any adverse effect in laparoscopic bariatric surgery is not clear. " 12/01/2003 - "Clinical significance of central obesity in laparoscopic bariatric surgery."
3.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 09/01/2015 - "However, since 2011, laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) with a small stomach pouch has been performed at our center, with prominent resolution of abdominal visceral obesity and lower incidences of postoperative complications. " 08/01/2014 - "Although insulin resistance and central obesity play an important role in the pathogenesis, the factors that determine its development and ultimate remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are not fully understood. " 01/01/2012 - "Improvement of insulin resistance after gastric bypass surgery is associated with the decrease in central obesity indices." 01/01/2012 - "The distribution of body fat after gastric bypass changes from central obesity to peripheral obesity. " 05/01/2005 - "The reduction of BMI and WHR after gastric bypass confirmed this operation to be effective against MO. The high basal levels of insulin and the high rate of HD and diabetes in patients with central obesity seem to indicate that they suffer a metabolic syndrome with significant hormonal imbalances and sodium retention. "
4.	Resistance Training 01/01/2011 - "These findings indicate that an evidence-based resistance training program administered in the community setting for those with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, can lead to favorable health benefits, including reductions in central obesity and improved physical function." 01/01/2015 - "Our findings demonstrate evidence for a favorable and comparable effect of 3-month endurance and endurance strength training on anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical capacity, and circulatory system function in women with abdominal obesity." 01/01/2015 - "44 women with abdominal obesity were randomized into groups A and B, and asked to perform endurance (A) and endurance strength training (B) for 3 months, 3 times/week, for 60 min. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and Graded Exercise Test were performed before and after training. " 01/01/2015 - "Effects of Endurance and Endurance Strength Training on Body Composition and Physical Capacity in Women with Abdominal Obesity." 07/01/2012 - "Therefore, the purpose of this review was to address the importance of resistance training on abdominal obesity, visceral fat and inflammatory response."
5.	Acupressure (Shiatsu) 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy of two different materials used in auricular acupressure on weight reduction and abdominal obesity." 01/01/2011 - "Effects of auricular acupressure on weight reduction and abdominal obesity in Asian young adults: a randomized controlled trial."