Commotio Cordis

A sudden CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA (e.g., VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION) caused by a blunt, non-penetrating impact to the precordial region of chest wall. Commotio cordis often results in sudden death without prompt cardiopulmonary defibrillation.

Also Known As:

Networked: 26 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Sudden Death
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Ventricular Fibrillation
4.	Atrioventricular Block
5.	Myocardial Ischemia (Ischemic Heart Diseases)

Experts

1.	Link, Mark S: 4 articles (03/2009 - 01/2003)
2.	Maron, Barry J: 4 articles (12/2008 - 01/2003)
3.	Estes, N A Mark: 3 articles (12/2008 - 01/2003)
4.	Boden, Barry P: 2 articles (05/2013 - 07/2004)
5.	Wang, Paul J: 2 articles (04/2005 - 01/2003)
6.	Camus, Olivier: 1 article (07/2014)
7.	Fourcade, Laurent: 1 article (07/2014)
8.	Massoure, Pierre-Laurent: 1 article (07/2014)
9.	Chenilleau, Marie-Caroline: 1 article (07/2014)
10.	Gil, Jean-Marie: 1 article (07/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Commotio Cordis:

1.	Performance-Enhancing SubstancesIBA 01/01/2008 - "Uneventful events, especially commotio cordis, and abuse of unfair and dangerous performance-enhancing drugs, are also claimed as potential causes. "
2.	Streptomycin (Streptomycin Sulfate)FDA Link 04/01/2005 - "Role of streptomycin-sensitive stretch-activated channel in chest wall impact induced sudden death (commotio cordis)." 04/01/2005 - "Streptomycin did not alter the frequency of ventricular fibrillation in our commotio cordis model, indicating that the stretch-activated channel is not implicated in the genesis of chest blow-induced cardiac arrest. "
3.	Silicon Dioxide (Sand)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "In the following, we report a case of an adult with no significant past medical history, walking on the beach with friends, who died from commotio cordis following an accidental fall on the wet sand. "
4.	Ion Channels (Ion Channel)IBA 12/01/2008 - "The initiation of VF by chest blows is significantly increased by selective disruption of the cytoskeleton, suggesting that mechanical deformation of the cell membrane is fundamental to the activation of ion channels and underlies the mechanism of VF in commotio cordis."
5.	EnzymesIBA 11/01/2005 - "A case report and review of literature via MEDLINE (1996-2004) search using the key words "myocarditis," "commotio cordis," and "myocardial contusion." A 12-year-old boy was admitted with elevated cardiac enzymes and respiratory distress after being hit in the chest with a dodgeball. "
6.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)IBA 07/27/1999 - "In this experimental model of commotio cordis, blockade of the K(+)(ATP) channel reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and the magnitude of ST-segment elevation. " 07/27/1999 - "Selective activation of the K(+)(ATP) channel is a mechanism by which sudden death is produced by low-energy chest-wall impact (Commotio cordis)." 07/27/1999 - "Because activation of the K(+)(ATP) channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ST elevation and ventricular fibrillation in myocardial ischemia, we hypothesized that this channel could be responsible for the electrophysiologic findings in our experimental model and in victims of commotio cordis. "
7.	Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillationIBA 07/01/2014 - "Some events are unpredictable (idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, sudden death related to congenital coronary arteries abnormalities or commotio cordis). "
8.	Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteriesIBA 10/01/2011 - "Commotio Cordis presenting as a temporary complete atrioventricular block in a 2-year-old girl with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries."
9.	APTIBA 04/01/2012 - "Commotio cordis is a rare and catastrophic mechano-electric feedback syndrome, and it is especially apt to occur in male children, adolescents and youths during sports activities. "
10.	tranilast (N 5')IBA 05/01/2013 - "The most common causes of fatalities were cardiac failure (n = 100, 41.2%), brain injury (n = 62, 25.5%), heat illness (n = 38, 15.6%), SCT (n = 11, 4.5%), asthma and commotio cordis (n = 7 each, 2.9% each), embolism/blood clot (n = 5, 2.1%), cervical fracture (n = 4, 1.7%), and intra-abdominal injury, infection, and lightning (n = 3, 1.2% each). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator) 02/01/2013 - "Improved survival rates from commotio cordis: a case for automatic external defibrillator provision during high-risk sports." 03/01/2009 - "Preventive measures, such as using soft "safety" balls and making automated external defibrillators available at sporting venues, can reduce commotio cordis morbidity and mortality. " 10/01/2010 - "A patient with commotio cordis successfully resuscitated by bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator." 12/01/2005 - "We report a child who sustained commotio cordis after being struck by a baseball, and offer documentation of the advantages of having readily available access to bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and an automated external defibrillator (AED). " 07/01/2004 - "Suggestions for reducing catastrophic injuries in baseball include teaching proper techniques to avoid fielding and baserunning collisions, protecting the pitcher via a combination of screens and/or helmets with faceguards, continued surveillance and modifications of the bat and ball, eliminating headfirst slides, and continued analysis of chest protectors and automatic external defibrillators for commotio cordis."
2.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 12/01/2005 - "Efficacy of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and out-of-hospital automated external defibrillation as life-saving therapy in commotio cordis." 09/01/2001 - "Survival rates for commotio cordis are low, even with prompt CPR and defibrillation." 05/01/1999 - "Physicians should be aware that commotio cordis represents a distinctive pathological condition, in the event of which immediate recognition, precordial thump, CPR, and defibrillation are potentially lifesaving. " 10/01/2010 - "A patient with commotio cordis successfully resuscitated by bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator." 12/01/2005 - "We report a child who sustained commotio cordis after being struck by a baseball, and offer documentation of the advantages of having readily available access to bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and an automated external defibrillator (AED). "
3.	Resuscitation 01/01/2012 - "Commotio cordis without arrhythmic event and resuscitation: ECG, echocardiographic, angiographic and cardiovascular resonance imaging study." 01/01/2012 - "This is the first case report of a patient with commotio cordis, who did not show any arrhythmias and did not receive any resuscitation procedure, and was extensively studied by imaging methods." 03/01/2013 - "The patient's successful resuscitation suggests that care should not be withheld for blunt trauma patients without vital signs in the field if VF is present, until the differential diagnosis of commotio cordis has been considered." 01/01/2003 - "In this article we discussed this catastrophic event, its historical development, epidemiology and clinical presentation, mechanisms for sudden death in commotio cordis, limitations of evidence using animal models, autopsy findings, resuscitation and preventive measures." 10/01/2004 - "Commotio cordis is ventricular fibrillation that results from blunt chest trauma and is a life threatening condition; early resuscitation and defibrillation are critical. "
4.	Induced Heart Arrest (Cardioplegia) 03/15/1997 - "Blunt chest impact-induced cardiac arrest on the athletic field (commotio cordis) is not necessarily fatal. " 04/01/2005 - "Streptomycin did not alter the frequency of ventricular fibrillation in our commotio cordis model, indicating that the stretch-activated channel is not implicated in the genesis of chest blow-induced cardiac arrest. "
5.	Protective Devices (Safety Device) 04/01/2010 - "We selected articles according to "death, sudden, cardiac," "commotio cordis," "sports equipment," and "protective devices." We identified 17 articles in the systematic literature search. "