Multibacillary Leprosy

A form of LEPROSY classified by the World Health Organization for the purpose of treatment, based on clinical manifestations and skin smear results. Patients with multibacillary leprosy have six or more lesions with or without positive skin smear results for the causative agent MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Multibacillary leprosy encompasses borderline lepromatous, midborderline, and lepromatous leprosy.

Also Known As:

Networked: 234 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 28 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
2.	Lepromatous Leprosy
3.	Obesity
4.	Low Vision (Subnormal Vision)
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Duthie, Malcolm S: 5 articles (11/2015 - 10/2008)
2.	Reed, Steven G: 4 articles (02/2010 - 03/2006)
3.	Kar, H K: 4 articles (10/2009 - 06/2000)
4.	Goto, Wakako: 3 articles (11/2008 - 03/2006)
5.	Sarno, E N: 3 articles (02/2007 - 04/2000)
6.	Misra, R S: 3 articles (06/2000 - 06/2000)
7.	Mukherjee, R: 3 articles (06/2000 - 06/2000)
8.	Mukherjee, A: 3 articles (06/2000 - 06/2000)
9.	Sharma, P: 3 articles (06/2000 - 06/2000)
10.	Kaur, H: 3 articles (06/2000 - 06/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Multibacillary Leprosy:

1.	DapsoneFDA Link 10/01/1994 - "Dapsone monotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of multibacillary leprosy under the conditions of well-controlled treatment. " 05/01/2008 - "This study included 200 randomly selected multibacillary leprosy cases who had completed 1 year of fixed World Health Organization recommended multidrug therapy (WHO-MDT) without prior dapsone (DDS) monotherapy. " 04/01/2014 - "Dapsone and body mass index in subjects with multibacillary leprosy." 09/01/1995 - "We sought to ascertain the magnitude of lagophthalmos in a multibacillary leprosy patient population under multidrug therapy (MDT) (both newly diagnosed and with a prior history of dapsone monotherapy) in China and assess factors associated with its presence. " 12/01/1989 - "Ninety-seven strains of Mycobacterium leprae recovered from patients with previously untreated multibacillary leprosy were tested for dapsone susceptibility. "
2.	Rifampin (Rifampicin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1986 - "[Efficacy of combined treatments comprising 6 months' administration of rifampicin in multibacillary leprosy]." 10/01/1986 - "In the absence of definite evidence on utility of intensive therapy with rifampicin in multibacillary leprosy cases, a laboratory based investigation was undertaken basically to compare the efficacy of WHO and IAL regimens. " 10/01/1992 - "In this study we have compared a regimen containing rifampicin given daily for 9 months with the standard WHO multidrug regimen for multibacillary leprosy. " 10/01/2011 - "To evaluate the occurrence of relapse of multibacillary leprosy after multi-drug treatment including daily rifampin. " 01/01/2002 - "Molecular detection of rifampin resistance (rpoB analysis) in Mycobacterium leprae was determined for 49 patients who experienced relapse of multibacillary leprosy and for 34 untreated patients. "
3.	VaccinesIBA 06/01/2005 - "Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy." 01/01/1994 - "leprae may prove to be important in the serodiagnosis of multibacillary leprosy as well as for developing vaccines for immunotherapy of leprosy."
4.	Staphylococcal Protein A (A, Protein)IBA 02/01/2010 - "PADL was able to complement a protein that we previously produced (the leprosy IDRI [Infectious Disease Research Institute] diagnostic 1 [LID-1] protein) to permit the improved diagnosis of multibacillary leprosy and that had a good ability to discriminate patients with multibacillary leprosy from control individuals. "
5.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2013 - "A 47 year-old man presented with a single lesion suggestive of mid-borderline (BB) leprosy over left periorbital region; the histology showed borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy with a BI of 3+. After initial improvement with WHO MDT-MB and prednisolone (40 mg/d) he developed sudden and painless diminished vision in the left eye, about 3 weeks later. "
6.	HDL LipoproteinsIBA 06/01/1992 - "Coronary HD patients, when compared to noncoronary HD patients, showed statistically significant differences in the following parameters: (1) mean age, (2) mean concentration of the electrophoretic fraction of alpha-lipoproteins, (3) deviation from mean weight, (4) prevalence of hypertension, and (5) prevalence of the borderline lepromatous form of HD. "
7.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 02/01/2010 - "PADL was able to complement a protein that we previously produced (the leprosy IDRI [Infectious Disease Research Institute] diagnostic 1 [LID-1] protein) to permit the improved diagnosis of multibacillary leprosy and that had a good ability to discriminate patients with multibacillary leprosy from control individuals. "
8.	micaIBA 06/01/2012 - "Thus, the MICA*027 allele is associated with a protective effect for leprosy per se, while the MICA*010 and MICA*027 alleles are associated with protection against multibacillary leprosy, the most severe clinical subtype." 06/01/2012 - "There were significant differences in frequencies of the MICA*027 allele (4.7% vs 1.8%, P-value = 0.01, OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.16-0.85) between leprosy patients and controls, and of the MICA*010 (4.5% vs 1.6%, P-value = 0.05, OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.97) and MICA*027 alleles (4.7% vs 1.3%, P-value = 0.01; OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.09-0.79) between multibacillary leprosy patients and the control group. "
9.	Ofloxacin (Levofloxacin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2009 - "The case was a 18-year-old female with borderline lepromatous leprosy who developed annular vesiculobullous eruptions oversome of the pre-existing plaques on arms and upper back along with fever and severe neuritis after a short course of ofloxacin intake prescribed for urinary tract infection. " 01/01/1991 - "The side effects from the two trials were rare and mild, and the patients tolerated extremely well the combinations of pefloxacin/ofloxacin plus multidrug therapy (MDT) regimen for multibacillary leprosy recommended by WHO. " 01/01/2002 - "Molecular detection of rifampin and ofloxacin resistance for patients who experience relapse of multibacillary leprosy." 01/01/1999 - "Effect of treatment on PCR positivity in multibacillary leprosy patients treated with conventional and newer drugs ofloxacin and minocycline." 03/01/1998 - "Relapse of multibacillary leprosy after rifampin and ofloxacin treatment for 28 days; a case report."
10.	AntigensIBA 07/01/2010 - "This study analyzes the polymorphism of the HLA class I and II antigens in multibacillary leprosy patients and a healthy control group to provide predictable prognostic indicators and/or a differential diagnostic for the disease. " 06/01/1991 - "The response to chemotherapy of serum Mycobacterium leprae-specific antigen in multibacillary leprosy patients." 01/01/1992 - "In a previous study an index (sigma 3) resulting from the summation of three parameters, i.e., presence of bacilli, even in small numbers, in various dermal structures, multiple positive antigen sites as detected by anti-BCG antiserum and dermal nerve involvement, identified 72.22% of cases of indeterminate leprosy which progressed to multibacillary leprosy. " 12/01/2012 - "Although the majority of these contacts showed no change or exhibited decreases in antibody titres, seven individuals developed higher titres towards one or more of these antigens and one individual with progressively higher titres was diagnosed with borderline lepromatous leprosy 19 months after enrolment. " 10/01/2008 - "As expected, multibacillary leprosy patients recognized more antigens with stronger antibody responses than paucibacillary leprosy patients. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/01/2009 - "From 1987 to 1994, we enrolled 500 subjects completing 2-year WHO multiple drug therapy (MDT) for multibacillary leprosy in a prospective relapse study. " 03/01/2015 - "Six years' follow-up of multibacillary leprosy patients treated with uniform multi-drug therapy in China." 11/01/2009 - "Long-term relapse risk of multibacillary leprosy after completion of 2 years of multiple drug therapy (WHO-MDT) in Cebu, Philippines." 09/01/2008 - "To determine the magnitude of relapses in multibacillary leprosy patients after multi-drug therapy and to determine the factors influencing the relapse. " 09/01/1997 - "Progress of impairment scores following commencement of chemotherapy in multibacillary leprosy patients."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2004 - "This is a retrospective cohort study of 103 multibacillary leprosy patients (18% BB, 48% BL and 34% LL) followed during and after treatment, in a tertiary referral centre with an outpatient clinic in an endemic area in Brazil, for an average period of 65 months since the start of multidrug therapy (24-dose MDT). " 12/01/1999 - "After treatment was completed all lepromatous and borderline lepromatous patients showed low or undetectable levels as compared with their initial values before starting treatment." 06/01/1998 - "If all severe RR, severe erythema nodosum leprosum and silent neuropathies at the start of, during and after treatment were added together, then 53% of the borderline lepromatous and 42% of the lepromatous patients had or developed one or another serious complication in need of steroid treatment." 12/01/2002 - "Ocular complications, at enrolment, occurring in all new borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy patients detected by active case finding within the geographically defined leprosy endemic area of the Gudiyattam Taluk in India from 1991 to 1997 who consented to ocular examinations every 6 months, during and 5 years after treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT), were studied. " 06/01/2000 - "Mycobacterium w vaccine, a useful adjuvant to multidrug therapy in multibacillary leprosy: a report on hospital based immunotherapeutic clinical trials with a follow-up of 1-7 years after treatment."
3.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy) 10/01/1994 - "An international randomized study with long-term follow-up of single versus combination chemotherapy of multibacillary leprosy."
4.	Immunotherapy 06/01/1988 - "Sixty lepromatous or borderline lepromatous patients were submitted to immunotherapy with a mixture of autoclaved Mycobacterium leprae and BCG. " 09/01/1999 - "Disabilities in multibacillary leprosy following multidrug therapy with and without immunotherapy with Mycobacterium w antileprosy vaccine." 12/01/1994 - "Comment: reversal reaction in multibacillary leprosy patients following MDT with and without immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, Mycobacterium W. " 09/01/1993 - "Reversal reaction in multibacillary leprosy patients following MDT with and without immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, Mycobacterium w." 04/01/1986 - "53.6% cases of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous group showed lepromin conversion from lepromin negativity to positivity after 12 weeks of immunotherapy. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2015 - "The authors describe a case of multibacillary leprosy in a renal transplant recipient, detected 12 years after the procedure, and discuss the therapy, adverse effects and management of leprosy reactions in patients immunosuppressed by drugs." 08/01/2005 - "We herein report a Taiwanese renal transplant recipient concomitantly infected with borderline lepromatous leprosy. "