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Piriformis Muscle Syndrome

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A chronic PELVIC PAIN characterized by pain deep in the buttock that may radiate to posterior aspects of the leg. It is caused by the piriformis muscle compressing or irritating the SCIATIC NERVE due to trauma, hypertrophy, inflammation or anatomic variations.

Also Known As:

Piriformis syndrome; Muscle Syndrome, Piriformis; Muscle Syndromes, Piriformis; Piriformis Muscle Syndromes; Piriformis syndromes; Syndrome, Piriformis Muscle; Syndromes, Piriformis Muscle; syndrome, Piriformis; syndromes, Piriformis

Networked: 48 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Sciatica (Sciatic Neuralgia)
3.	Plantar Fasciitis
4.	Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia)
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Byrd, John W Thomas: 1 article (12/2015)
2.	Park, Jung Hyun: 1 article (09/2015)
3.	Kim, Sungjun: 1 article (09/2015)
4.	Yang, Hea Eun: 1 article (09/2015)
5.	Panza, Francesco: 1 article (08/2015)
6.	Fiore, Pietro: 1 article (08/2015)
7.	Logroscino, Giancarlo: 1 article (08/2015)
8.	Picelli, Alessandro: 1 article (08/2015)
9.	Ranieri, Maurizio: 1 article (08/2015)
10.	Santamato, Andrea: 1 article (08/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Piriformis Muscle Syndrome:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Botulinum toxin (BT) injection is a new treatment for piriformis syndrome (PS). " 11/01/2014 - "Feasibility study; 10 patients with piriformis muscle syndrome were injected with botulinum toxin A using a US-guided procedure. " 01/01/2013 - "There is evidence that botulinum toxin could be useful in specific myofascial regions such as piriformis syndrome. " 12/01/2002 - "Injection with botulinum toxin A is an effective adjunct to physical therapy in the treatment of piriformis syndrome. " 12/01/2002 - "This study evaluates the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injections used in conjunction with physical therapy for the treatment of piriformis syndrome. "
2.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum A Toxin)FDA Link 09/01/2015 - "Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Neurography for Diagnosis of Piriformis Muscle Syndrome and Verification of the Effect After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: Two Cases." 08/01/2015 - "Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Piriformis Muscle Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." 05/01/2007 - "Low-dose botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of refractory piriformis syndrome." 10/01/2002 - "Botulinum toxin type A use in piriformis muscle syndrome: a pilot study." 05/01/2007 - "A low dose of botulinum toxin type A relieved pain and improved quality of life in patients with refractory piriformis syndrome."
3.	rimabotulinumtoxinB FDA Link 03/01/2004 - "Botulinum toxin type B in piriformis syndrome." 03/01/2004 - "To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type B (MYOBLOC) in reducing myofascial pain associated with piriformis syndrome. " 03/01/2004 - "Findings suggest the possibility that botulinum toxin type B may be of potential benefit in the treatment of pain attributed to piriformis syndrome." 04/01/2006 - "Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BT, BT-B) has been used as NeuroBloc/MyoBloc since 1999 for treatment of cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis, spastic conditions, cerebral palsy, hemifacial spasm, bladder dysfunction, spasmodic dysphonia, sialorrhoea, anal fissures, piriformis syndrome, various pain conditions and cosmetic applications. "
4.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2012 - "We enrolled 23 patients with piriformis syndrome, proposing a percutaneous intramuscular injection of methylprednisone-lidocaine. " 01/01/2011 - "The second trial showed that BoNT injections were better than injections of corticosteroid plus lidocaine or placebo in patients with sciatica attributed to piriformis syndrome. "
5.	Meralgia parestheticaIBA 12/01/2012 - "After a brief description of the coxofemoral joint, the entities discussed include ilioinguinal neuropathy within the context of the nerves that may be damaged during lower abdominal surgery, meralgia paresthetica, piriformis syndrome with the appropriate caveats, trochanteric syndrome, "ischial bursitis" and trochanteric syndrome caused by ischemia. " 11/01/2010 - "The use of US-guided injections in specific clinical settings, such as the percutaneous treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, Morton's and saphenous neuromas, painful stump neuromas, piriformis syndrome, and meralgia paresthetica are also illustrated here. " 11/01/2010 - "We discuss the clinical presentation, etiology, anatomical location, and MR imaging appearance of these neuropathies, including the piriformis syndrome, iliacus syndrome, saphenous neuropathy, obturator neuropathy, lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy (meralgia paresthetica), proximal tibial neuropathy, common peroneal neuropathy, deep peroneal neuropathy, superficial peroneal neuropathy, tarsal tunnel syndrome, Baxter's neuropathy, jogger's foot, sural neuropathy, and Morton's neuroma."
6.	onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox)FDA Link 03/01/2006 - "We illustrate the use of Botox in interventional radiology by describing our fluoroscopic technique for the treatment of piriformis syndrome. " 12/01/2002 - "BOTOX and physical therapy in the treatment of piriformis syndrome."
7.	SteroidsIBA 03/01/1998 - "Mechanism of action caudal steroids for piriformis syndrome."
8.	Methylprednisolone FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2011 - "Motor stimulation-guided intralesional injection of methylprednisolone into the piriformis muscle was given in 10 cases of piriformis syndrome refractory to both oral medications and therapeutic exercises. "
9.	Ketamine FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "Acupuncture, ketamine and piriformis syndrome--a case report from palliative care."
10.	CosmeticsIBA 04/01/2006 - "Botulinum neurotoxin type B (BT, BT-B) has been used as NeuroBloc/MyoBloc since 1999 for treatment of cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis, spastic conditions, cerebral palsy, hemifacial spasm, bladder dysfunction, spasmodic dysphonia, sialorrhoea, anal fissures, piriformis syndrome, various pain conditions and cosmetic applications. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 07/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided steroid injections in patients with piriformis syndrome. " 04/01/2013 - "All the patients diagnosed with piriformis syndrome responded well with piriformis muscle injections. " 03/01/2015 - "Piriformis syndrome: comparison of the effectiveness of local anesthetic and corticosteroid injections: a double-blinded, randomized controlled study." 07/01/2015 - "Long-term assessment of clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided steroid injections in patients with piriformis syndrome." 01/01/2014 - "The treatment of piriformis syndrome includes injections into the piriformis muscle around the sciatic nerve. "
2.	Arthroplasty 01/01/1998 - "This is the first reported case of piriformis syndrome after total hip arthroplasty." 01/01/1998 - "We present the case of a 39-year-old man with bilateral piriformis syndrome 4 and 6 years after two cementless total hip arthroplasties, respectively. " 01/01/1998 - "Bilateral piriformis syndrome after total hip arthroplasty." 11/01/2011 - "Level B evidence (one class I or two class II studies-probably effective and recommended): post-herpetic neuralgia, post-traumatic neuralgia, pain of plantar fasciitis, piriformis syndrome, and pain in total knee arthroplasty. "
3.	Surgical Decompression 04/01/2001 - "Failure of surgical decompression for a presumed case of piriformis syndrome. " 07/01/2008 - "We report two patients with piriformis syndrome who responded primarily to surgical decompression and had recurrent symptoms resulting from scar tissue formation in the sciatic notch. "
4.	Massage (Reflexology) 02/01/2010 - "Interventions for piriformis syndrome typically consist of stretching and/or soft tissue massage to the piriformis muscle. " 03/01/2004 - "[Exercise therapy and massage in the treatment of piriformis muscle syndrome in pregnant women]."
5.	Intramuscular Injections 01/01/1999 - "This complex anomaly should be kept in mind in connection with intramuscular injections of the gluteal region, the piriformis syndrome, and the surgery of this region." 04/01/2012 - "We enrolled 23 patients with piriformis syndrome, proposing a percutaneous intramuscular injection of methylprednisone-lidocaine. "