Meningeal Carcinomatosis

Primary or secondary neoplasm in the ARACHNOID or SUBARACHNOID SPACE. It appears as a diffuse fibrotic thickening of the MENINGES associated with variable degrees of inflammation.

Also Known As:

Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis; Carcinomatoses, Leptomeningeal; Carcinomatoses, Meningeal; Carcinomatosis, Leptomeningeal; Carcinomatosis, Meningeal; Carcinomatous Meningitides; Leptomeningeal Carcinomatoses; Meningeal Carcinomatoses; Meningitides, Carcinomatous; Meningitis, Carcinomatous; Carcinomatous Meningitis

Networked: 512 relevant articles (72 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer)
2.	Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Lung Neoplasms (Lung Cancer)
5.	Stomach Neoplasms (Stomach Cancer)

Experts

1.	Gwak, Ho-Shin: 12 articles (07/2021 - 10/2011)
2.	Yoo, Heon: 10 articles (07/2021 - 10/2011)
3.	Joo, Jungnam: 8 articles (07/2021 - 10/2011)
4.	Lee, Seung Hoon: 6 articles (07/2015 - 10/2011)
5.	Brastianos, Priscilla K: 5 articles (10/2021 - 01/2012)
6.	Yano, Seiji: 5 articles (09/2021 - 10/2009)
7.	Shin, Sang-Hoon: 5 articles (07/2021 - 10/2013)
8.	Shi, Qiang: 5 articles (01/2021 - 05/2010)
9.	Lin, Nancy U: 4 articles (10/2021 - 01/2019)
10.	Shih, Helen A: 4 articles (10/2021 - 02/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Meningeal Carcinomatosis:

1.	Gefitinib (Iressa)FDA Link 04/01/2006 - "Gefitinib may be effective in treating carcinomatous meningitis complicating NSCLC and should be considered in this situation given the absence of effective alternatives." 07/01/2009 - "Efficacy of a lumbo-peritoneal shunt for meningeal carcinomatosis refractory to gefitinib treatment." 12/01/2014 - "Effective treatment with gefitinib was administered, and the patient survived for 10 months after the diagnosis of CVST and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 01/01/2011 - "He was successfully treated with gefitinib, but eventually developed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 07/01/2009 - "A lumbo-peritoneal shunt might be considered for meningeal carcinomatosis refractory to gefitinib treatment without an emergence of a T790M mutation."
2.	Erlotinib Hydrochloride (CP 358,774)FDA Link 05/01/2010 - "His symptoms rapidly improved within a week of beginning treatment with erlotinib, and MRI and CSF examinations also showed remarkable improvement of the meningeal carcinomatosis. " 04/01/2013 - "The patient has received erlotinib successfully for 18 months without the recurrence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 04/01/2013 - "Considering the poor prognosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, we decided that erlotinib was our only choice of treatment. " 01/01/2011 - "Recovery from carcinomatous meningitis by erlotinib." 12/01/2014 - "Pulsed Erlotinib as Sole Treatment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: Can We Avoid the Use of Intrathecal Therapy?"
3.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2021 - "Clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: a prospective and single-arm study." 01/01/1997 - "Continuous intrathecal perfusion of methotrexate for carcinomatous meningitis with pharmacokinetic studies: two case studies." 12/01/2021 - "To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of different doses of intrathecal methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 05/20/2016 - "[Efficacy and Security of Intrathecal with Methotrexate in the Treatment of Meningeal Carcinomatosis]." 09/15/2005 - "Approaching an individual methotrexate regimen in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis."
4.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "Recently, sustained-release cytosine arabinoside, a depot cytosine arabinoside liposomal injection: DepoCyt, has been reported to be useful for the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in Canada, Europe, and the USA. " 10/01/1987 - "MTX is moderately effective in nonleukemic meningeal carcinomatosis, but the addition of Ara-C does not appear to improve results. " 12/01/2013 - "Neurological and cytological response as potential early predictors of time-to-progression and overall survival in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis treated with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine: a retrospective cohort study." 05/01/2007 - "[Rationale for the use of liposomal cytarabine in meningeal carcinomatosis]." 11/01/2007 - "Intrathecal administration of MTX and/or Ara-C through the Ommaya system placed in a ventricle has been accepted as a standard therapy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. "
5.	Immunotoxins (Immunotoxin)IBA 12/01/1995 - "Efficacy of compartmental administration of immunotoxin LMB-1 (B3-LysPE38) in a rat model of carcinomatous meningitis." 06/08/2001 - "inoculation of an immunotoxin could be considered a potentially useful route of administration in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 08/15/1993 - "Immunotoxins injected into the subarachnoid space may have potential for treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 08/15/1993 - "Immunotoxins have been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 04/15/1994 - "The efficacy of MOC-31-PE is superior to reported effects obtained in similar models with other therapies, and the results support the development of this immunotoxin towards clinical evaluation in small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis."
6.	Trastuzumab (Herceptin)FDA Link 11/01/2018 - "Letter comments on EJC published article: Phase I feasibility study for intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast carcinomatous meningitis." 01/01/2018 - "Phase I feasibility study for intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2 positive breast carcinomatous meningitis." 10/01/2016 - "The relevance of treating leptomeningeal carcinomatosis with intrathecal trastuzumab administration is shown through this case report." 07/01/2016 - "There has been recent increase in incidence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, possibly due to widespread use of adjuvant trastuzumab and its known poor CNS penetration. " 04/01/2016 - "Investigation of intrathecal (IT) trastuzumab for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is currently underway; however, there has been no consensus. "
7.	AfatinibIBA 01/01/2017 - "Afatinib was effective against leptomeningeal carcinomatosis particularly in patients with NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations. " 01/01/2017 - "Therefore, we conducted a prospective multicenter trial to evaluate the CSF penetration rate and efficacy of afatinib in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 09/01/2016 - "Inadequate afatinib concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is reasonably suspected, and there is a call for clinical trials testing high-dose afatinib in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 01/01/2017 - "Clinical Efficacy of Afatinib Treatment for a Patient with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis." 01/01/2017 - "Cerebrospinal Fluid Penetration Rate and Efficacy of Afatinib in Patients with EGFR Mutation-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: A Multicenter Prospective Study."
8.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "The toxicity of intrathecal bevacizumab in a rabbit model of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 02/01/2010 - "The imaging and neuropathological effects of Bevacizumab (Avastin) in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 12/01/2020 - "He was diagnosed as meningeal carcinomatosis, and received 1 course of CAPOX plus bevacizumab chemotherapy. " 04/01/2016 - "Bevacizumab might potentiate the chemotherapeutic effect in breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 07/01/2017 - "A 65-year-old man was diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis based on the findings of cerebrospinal fluid cytology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Treatment with erlotinib and bevacizumab was initiated, and partial improvement in consciousness and MRI findings were obtained.However"
9.	Tyrosine Kinase InhibitorsIBA 08/01/2022 - "BE treatment as second-line treatment should be considered as an option for meningeal carcinomatosis of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) -resistant EGFR mutated lung cancer." 04/01/2017 - "Overall, 22 patients (8.2%) were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation between 2006 and 2016. " 01/01/2017 - "Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs frequently in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, and develops acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). " 01/01/2020 - "Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) occurs frequently in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged NSCLC and develops acquired resistance to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKIs). " 03/01/2019 - "Next-generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: Review of 2 Cases."
10.	alectinibIBA 02/01/2016 - "Our results suggest that dose intensification of alectinib may be necessary to overcome incomplete ALK inhibition in the CNS and prolong the durability of responses in patients with CNS metastases, particularly those with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 07/01/2021 - "However, much remains unknown about the efficacy of lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC, who have triple problems, carcinomatous meningitis, poor PS, and dysphagia, after alectinib treatment. " 02/01/2015 - "Alectinib induces a durable (>15 months) complete response in an ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer patient who progressed on crizotinib with diffuse leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 04/01/2016 - "Marked improvement in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and spinal cord metastases following alectinib treatment of crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma." 01/01/2020 - "Osimertinib Overcomes Alectinib Resistance Caused by Amphiregulin in a Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Model of ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/1987 - "Drug administration via an intraventricular reservoir is useful in the treatment of leukemic and carcinomatous meningitis that occurs in patients who have previously received lumbar intrathecal chemotherapy. " 10/01/2019 - "Efficacy of Slow Rate Ventriculolumbar Perfusion Chemotherapy for Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: Interim Result of a Phase II Study." 10/01/2013 - "Ventriculolumbar perfusion chemotherapy for the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: a phase I study with pharmacokinetic data." 11/01/2007 - "[Phase I study of intrathecal chemotherapy with NS-101 for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in Japan]." 07/01/2021 - "Here, we evaluated whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles and their changes after intraventricular chemotherapy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) could predict the treatment response or be prognostic for patient overall survival (OS) along with clinical factors. "
2.	Therapeutics 03/10/2023 - "This case offers compelling evidence that the effect TDM1 Her-2 receptor therapy has on a patient's remission and long-term survivability is considerably better than other therapies for similar pre-existing conditions diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 03/01/2013 - "EGFR-TKI therapy was effective in a case with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, and coexisting EGFRsensitive and EGFR-resistant mutations." 03/10/2023 - "Following the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and subsequent T-DM1 Her-2 receptor therapy, the patient showed a complete response to leptomeningeal carcinomatosis within 30 days and survived for another 16 months. " 01/01/2021 - "Patients with documented treatment failure of all approved ALK/ROS1-specific therapies or with resistance mutations not covered by approved inhibitors or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis were enrolled and analyzed. " 10/01/2020 - "In this review, the authors discuss a refined view of the molecular pathophysiology of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, current approaches to disease management, and emerging therapies."
3.	Radiotherapy 07/01/2020 - "Although whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is commonly used as first-line treatment for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, the prognosis is uncertain despite treatment. " 07/01/2020 - "Utility of whole brain radiation therapy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 03/01/2018 - "We sought to determine the risk of local recurrence and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis(LC)in patients treated with surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. " 01/01/2018 - "Introduction: The purpose of this article is to report our institution's 10-year experience on palliative radiotherapy for the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC), assessing survival, neurologic outcome, and prognostic factors. " 01/01/2018 - "Palliative Radiotherapy for Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis-Analysis of Outcome, Prognostic Factors, and Symptom Response."
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 05/01/2006 - "Within 2 weeks after treatment, the patients' condition improved significantly and cell counts in CSF obtained from the Ommaya reservoir remained low for 11 months after first diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis when clinical symptoms and MRI indicated progression of meningeal and cerebral disease." 03/01/2013 - "The leptomeningeal carcinomatosis findings on a head CT image and the patient's consciousness disorder improved after treatment. " 01/01/1995 - "[A case of meningeal carcinomatosis which occurred after treatment for recurrence of the cervical carcinoma]." 01/01/1995 - "Here, we report a case with carcinomatous meningitis occurring 13 months after treatment of the initial tumor. " 01/01/1994 - "2 patients died of disease, 1 of distant metastasis at 6 months and the other patient of meningeal carcinomatosis and distant metastases 1 year after treatment. "
5.	Palliative Care (Palliative Therapy) 02/01/2023 - "Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis and Palliative Care: A Case Report." 08/01/2006 - "Palliative care case report: leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 04/01/2001 - "Craniospinal radiotherapy is feasible and effective for palliative treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. " 04/01/2001 - "Radiotherapy of the neuroaxis for palliative treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis." 02/01/2012 - "The purpose of the present study was to investigate outcome after whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone as a palliative treatment without concomitant chemotherapy for intracranial leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC). "