Actinic Keratosis

White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1203 relevant articles (194 outcomes, 203 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Basal Cell Carcinoma (Rodent Ulcer)
2.	Bowen's Disease (Disease, Bowen)
3.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma)
4.	Skin Neoplasms (Skin Cancer)
5.	Warts (Wart)

Experts

1.	Stockfleth, E: 28 articles (09/2015 - 01/2001)
2.	Stockfleth, Eggert: 17 articles (11/2015 - 11/2002)
3.	Szeimies, Rolf-Markus: 15 articles (12/2015 - 10/2004)
4.	Berman, Brian: 14 articles (12/2015 - 05/2004)
5.	Wulf, H C: 14 articles (11/2015 - 04/2008)
6.	Szeimies, R-M: 14 articles (07/2015 - 06/2003)
7.	Morton, C A: 11 articles (09/2015 - 08/2001)
8.	Ulrich, C: 11 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
9.	Gupta, Aditya K: 10 articles (05/2013 - 08/2002)
10.	Dirschka, T: 9 articles (09/2015 - 03/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Actinic Keratosis:

1.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 01/01/2005 - "The conclusion of this study is that single treatment with topical MAL-PDT is effective for thin actinic keratosis lesions; however, repeated treatment is recommended for thicker or non-responding lesions." 08/01/2011 - "PDT repeated three times at weekly intervals was more effective against actinic keratosis than randomly repeated procedures. " 09/01/2011 - "Two sessions of PDT using ALA with blue light is a moderately effective, well-tolerated treatment of actinic keratoses of the dorsal hand and forearm." 01/01/2004 - "Findings indicate that topical ALA PDT is an effective and safe treatment for multiple actinic keratoses of the face and scalp." 01/01/2004 - "This article reviews the safety and efficacy of large surface ALA-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratoses and photodamage. "
2.	imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2012 - "While randomized, controlled trials have generated information about the safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis, still very little is known about the challenges and pitfalls of this therapy in the daily clinical routine. " 01/01/2009 - "Imiquimod 5% cream applied twice weekly for 16 weeks is effective for treating actinic keratoses but may be limited by local side effects. " 08/01/2007 - "Imiquimod 3x/wk in one or two courses of treatment appears to be effective for the treatment of actinic keratoses on the head, providing long-term clinical benefits. " 08/01/2007 - "A shorter dosing regimen of imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis may be effective, with long-term clinical benefits. " 07/01/2007 - "Imiquimod has been investigated as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). "
3.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2001 - "Topical fluorouracil has proven efficacy in the treatment of actinic keratosis. " 04/01/2004 - "Controversy exists as to whether treatment of actinic keratoses with intermittent doses of topical 5-fluorouracil is effective in the absence of significant irritation. " 12/01/2004 - "Fluorouracil 5% and 0.5% creams for the treatment of actinic keratosis: equivalent efficacy with a lower concentration and more convenient dosing schedule." 09/01/2015 - "Topical fluorouracil was demonstrated to be effective in reducing the number of actinic keratoses (AKs) for up to 6 months, but no randomized trials studied its long-term efficacy. " 08/01/2002 - "Effective treatment of actinic keratosis with 0.5% fluorouracil cream for 1, 2, or 4 weeks."
4.	ingenolIBA 01/01/2012 - "In human studies, ingenol mebutate achieved high clearance of actinic keratosis on the head and body after 2-3 consecutive daily treatments when measured by complete or partial clearance of lesions. " 06/01/2013 - "To assess 12-month recurrence rates and safety associated with ingenol mebutate gel treatment in patients who previously had achieved complete clearance of actinic keratoses. " 05/01/2015 - "High-quality evidence suggests that ingenol mebutate may be effective in treating actinic keratosis. " 12/24/2012 - "Treatment with ingenol mebutate gel was generally associated with sustained clearance of actinic keratoses in the longer term. " 06/01/2009 - "Short-course, field-directed therapy with ingenol mebutate gel for actinic keratoses on non-facial sites seems to be effective with a favorable safety profile and potential benefits over topical agents that require a more prolonged course of treatment."
5.	CosmeticsIBA 05/01/1997 - "The deeper level of this peel explains the improved cosmetic outcome and greater eradication of actinic keratoses. " 09/01/2015 - "This study was planned to compare the efficacy, adverse effects, recurrence and cosmetic outcome of these option therapies in patients with multiple actinic keratosis of the scalp. " 09/01/2015 - "Therapies for actinic keratosis with a focus on cosmetic outcomes." 01/01/2014 - "Despite cosmetic benefits on photodamaged skin and efficient treatment of actinic keratoses lesions, cryopeeling was not able to induce measurable histological changes in solar elastosis, epidermal organization, or epidermal and Grenz zone thicknesses. " 07/01/2008 - "This was first seen in the treatment of nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of the face and scalp where resolution of the actinic keratoses was achieved and a cosmetic improvement noted from the therapies. "
6.	Diclofenac (SR 38)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2007 - "Diclofenac 3% gel is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs) and is reported to be generally well tolerated with only mild local reactions. " 09/01/2006 - "Efficacy of 3% diclofenac gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study." 01/01/2012 - "We sought to evaluate the efficacy of topical 3% diclofenac gel in the management of periocular actinic keratosis. " 01/01/2012 - "Four consecutive patients with periocular actinic keratosis who were treated with topical 3% diclofenac gel twice daily for up to 4 months were included in the study. " 07/01/2007 - "A single-arm, open-label efficacy and tolerability study of diclofenac sodium 3% gel for the treatment of actinic keratosis of the upper and lower lip."
7.	Aminolevulinic Acid (Levulan)FDA Link 09/01/2014 - "The effect of multiple sequential light sources to activate aminolevulinic Acid in the treatment of actinic keratoses: a retrospective study." 09/01/2010 - "Eighteen patients with actinic keratoses of the face or upper limbs received an application of a 20% delta-aminolevulinic acid cream and were submitted to diode light irradiation at a wavelength of 630 nm. A total of 328 actinic keratoses were treated, obtaining complete cure in 210 (64.0%) after 24 weeks. " 05/01/2008 - "Intense pulsed light with methyl-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of actinic keratoses." 04/01/2007 - "A brand name aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solution (Levulan Kerastick, Dusa Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wilmington, MA) plus blue light exposure has been approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis in the USA. " 02/01/2007 - "Aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic combination therapy in the treatment of actinic keratoses: caring for the patient."
8.	methyl 5-aminolevulinateIBA 07/01/2004 - "No reduction in the size or number of actinic keratoses was observed in one area treated with methyl aminolaevulinate and in all placebo-treated areas. " 07/01/2015 - "A study of topical methyl-aminolaevulinate red-light photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis in Chinese patients: a Singaporean experience." 04/01/2013 - "Long-term (6 and 12 months) follow-up of two prospective, randomized, controlled phase III trials of photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA and methyl aminolaevulinate for the treatment of actinic keratosis." 05/01/2011 - "A randomized, multicentre study of directed daylight exposure times of 1½ vs. 2½ h in daylight-mediated photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolaevulinate in patients with multiple thin actinic keratoses of the face and scalp." 04/01/2013 - "Long-term follow-up of photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA and methyl aminolaevulinate for the treatment of actinic keratosis."
9.	RetinoidsIBA 03/01/1994 - "Retinoids have been shown to improve the manifestations of skin photodamage, including actinic keratoses. " 07/01/2013 - "Blind, randomized and controlled clinical trials with adequate sample sizes, specifically focused on actinic keratosis, are needed to clarify the real benefit of topical and/or oral retinoids. " 07/01/2013 - "Retinoids for prevention and treatment of actinic keratosis." 04/01/2004 - "Topical retinoids have some effect in the treatment of actinic keratoses. " 05/01/2000 - "Both topically as well as orally administered retinoids have been used to treat actinic keratoses but retinoids alone are probably not an optimal monotherapy. "
10.	Actinic cheilitisIBA 03/01/2011 - "Actinic cheilitis (AC) represents the equivalent of actinic keratosis on the lip. " 01/01/2011 - "Chronic actinic cheilitis is actinic keratosis located on the vermilion border. " 12/01/2009 - "Actinic cheilitis is a subtype of actinic keratosis that mainly affects the lower lip and has a higher risk of malignant transformation. " 01/01/2015 - "The rate of the malignant transformation of premalignant lesion was 32.6% for keratoacanthoma, 16.9% for actinic cheilitis, 10% for actinic keratoses. " 11/01/2014 - "Actinic cheilitis (AC) is an oral potentially malignant lesion which is the counterpart of actinic keratosis of the skin and has potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2004 - "Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new and promising treatment for actinic keratoses. " 12/01/2014 - "Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs other interventions in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of actinic keratoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 11/01/2005 - "Efficacy of 3 different light doses in the treatment of actinic keratosis with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: a randomized, observer-blinded, intrapatient, comparison study." 08/01/2015 - "Polypodium leucotomos supplementation in the treatment of scalp actinic keratosis: could it improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy?" 11/01/2013 - "Follow-up analysis of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis: reply from the authors."
2.	Cryosurgery 04/01/2005 - "Cryosurgery is beneficial in the treatment of actinic keratoses. " 09/01/2004 - "Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses. " 09/01/2004 - "To determine prospectively the true efficacy of cryosurgery as a treatment for actinic keratoses in everyday dermatologic practice. " 08/01/2014 - "We aimed to study the effectiveness of two consecutive sessions of cryosurgery for actinic keratosis and investigate factors associated with its therapeutic success. " 08/01/2014 - "Our results confirmed the effectiveness of cryosurgery for actinic keratosis, with a 57% reduction in the number, and size of the lesions. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2002 - "In vivo laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy at 410 nm excitation and using the intensity of emission signal is effective for detection of BCC, SCC, and actinic keratosis, specially in patients with light colored skin." 01/01/2015 - "Laser treatment and its implications for photodamaged skin and actinic keratosis." 08/01/2014 - "Another approach to actinic keratosis management using nonablative fractional laser." 02/01/2013 - "Laser capture microdissection was used to determine differential expression of CD200 in normal skin vs actinic keratosis vs SCC in situ vs invasive SCC. " 02/01/2013 - "Treatment of actinic keratoses and photodamage with non-contact fractional 1540-nm laser quasi-ablation: an ex vivo and clinical evaluation."
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 07/01/2004 - "Seventeen transplant recipients with a total number of 129 mild to moderate actinic keratoses were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. " 12/08/2015 - ", we studied stem-cells and EMT expression in SCCs and concomitant actinic keratoses (AK) in kidney-transplant recipients. " 08/01/2014 - "Actinic keratoses (AK) occur more commonly and behave more aggressively in renal transplant recipients (RTR). " 11/01/2011 - "We present the case of a 70-year-old male heart transplant recipient who developed 334 SCCs, 83 SCCs in situ, and innumerable actinic keratoses during the course of 19 years posttransplant. " 08/15/2008 - "This open randomized, intrapatient, comparative, multicenter study included 81 transplant recipients with 889 lesions (90% actinic keratoses (AK)]. "
5.	Dye Lasers 09/01/2014 - "Blue light + intense pulsed light + pulsed dye laser produced greater patient-reported improvement in actinic keratoses than blue light or blue light + intense pulsed light and greater subject-reported improvement in overall skin quality than blue light + intense pulsed light. " 09/01/2014 - "This study evaluated 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis using blue light combined with red light, pulsed dye laser, and/or intense pulsed light in a retrospective fashion. " 09/01/2014 - "Field-directed 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy was performed with blue light only, blue light + pulsed dye laser, blue light + intense pulsed light, blue light + pulsed dye laser + intense pulsed light, or blue light + red light + pulsed dye laser + intense pulsed light for nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of face, scalp, or upper trunk. " 01/01/2012 - "Light-emitting diode laser versus pulsed dye laser-assisted photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease." 01/01/2003 - "To examine histological changes and the role of apoptosis in lesions of actinic keratosis (AK) after PDT using 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and excimer dye laser. "