Primary Graft Dysfunction

A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.

Also Known As:

Networked: 921 relevant articles (22 outcomes, 57 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Reperfusion Injury
2.	Brain Death (Brain Dead)
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus)
4.	Infections
5.	Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

Experts

1.	Christie, Jason D: 47 articles (01/2022 - 06/2005)
2.	Diamond, Joshua M: 35 articles (11/2021 - 10/2010)
3.	Keshavjee, Shaf: 28 articles (12/2022 - 01/2004)
4.	Cantu, Edward: 27 articles (11/2021 - 01/2012)
5.	Ware, Lorraine B: 27 articles (01/2021 - 01/2007)
6.	Lederer, David J: 25 articles (11/2021 - 07/2009)
7.	Kawut, Steven M: 23 articles (01/2021 - 12/2005)
8.	Cypel, Marcelo: 22 articles (12/2022 - 08/2009)
9.	Lung Transplant Outcomes Group: 19 articles (01/2018 - 11/2007)
10.	Kreisel, Daniel: 18 articles (01/2022 - 01/2008)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Primary Graft Dysfunction:

1.	Prostaglandins DIBA 01/01/2023 - "The primary outcome of this study was severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) with secondary outcomes of 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. " 01/01/2021 - "In this study, we evaluated the trend of DT, rate of transplanting both donor lungs, 1-year graft survival, and risk of Grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient (SRTR) database from 2006 to 2018. " 01/01/2021 - "Background Previous studies suggest that infant heart transplant (HT) recipients are at higher risk of developing severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) than older children. " 01/01/2019 - "In this study we compare EVLWI with conventional methods to better select lungs during EVLP and to predict post-transplant primary graft dysfunction (PGD). " 12/01/2018 - "Previous studies have not accounted for primary graft dysfunction (PGD). "
2.	SolutionsIBA 09/15/2001 - "It also showed slower clearance of University of Wisconsin solution in grafts with subsequent primary graft dysfunction, suggesting a slower recovery of bile secretion. " 04/01/2011 - "The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether the type of preservation solution significantly alters outcomes in lung transplantation, with particular emphasis on primary graft dysfunction and mortality. " 01/01/2004 - "Better understanding of the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury, improvement in the technique of lung preservation, and the recent introduction of a new preservation solution specifically developed for the lungs have helped to reduce the incidence of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. " 02/01/2016 - "Elevated Cardiac Troponin I in Preservation Solution Is Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction." 09/01/2005 - "NMR signals produced by the liver preservation solution were clearly detected in the cold perfusion stage biopsies of all livers but remained in the posttransplant spectra of only the two livers with a high lipid content and were prominent mainly in the graft that later developed primary graft dysfunction. "
3.	Aprotinin (Trasylol)FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aprotinin to reduce primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation." 02/01/2010 - "Aprotinin in lung transplantation is associated with an increased incidence of primary graft dysfunction." 02/01/2010 - "A recent study found a significant reduction in severe (grade III) primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in lung transplantation where aprotinin had been used. "
4.	Long Noncoding RNAIBA 02/01/2020 - "Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript silencing ameliorates primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation through microRNA-21-dependent mechanism." 10/01/2023 - "LncRNA H19 aggravates primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation via KLF5-mediated activation of CCL28."
5.	LipidsIBA 09/01/2005 - "NMR signals produced by the liver preservation solution were clearly detected in the cold perfusion stage biopsies of all livers but remained in the posttransplant spectra of only the two livers with a high lipid content and were prominent mainly in the graft that later developed primary graft dysfunction. " 09/15/2001 - "The monitoring of the resonance signal of University of Wisconsin solution washout, bile acid, and biliary lipid secretion may help to predict the development of primary graft dysfunction and avoid the need for retransplantation."
6.	PerfadexIBA 04/01/2011 - "Perfadex was associated with a reduced incidence of primary graft dysfunction at 48 hours (OR = 0.23 [0.08 to 0.68], p = 0.008). " 01/01/2018 - "AAT as a supplement to Perfadex reduced the extent of primary graft dysfunction and early neutrophil responses after extended storage for 18 hours at 4°C and 4-hour reperfusion in the recipients. "
7.	Bile Acids and Salts (Bile Acids)IBA 09/15/2001 - "The monitoring of the resonance signal of University of Wisconsin solution washout, bile acid, and biliary lipid secretion may help to predict the development of primary graft dysfunction and avoid the need for retransplantation."
8.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 10/25/2023 - "This review discusses a host of emerging strategies across the spectrum of LTx, including efforts to expand the donor pool, utilization of perioperative extracorporeal life support, perioperative echocardiography, and anesthetic techniques to mitigate primary graft dysfunction that have all contributed to improved long term outcomes in LTx patients."
9.	4,4'-dibenzamido-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acidIBA 12/01/2018 - "Primary graft dysfunction metrics for DCDs are worse than DBDs on intensive care arrival but improved subsequently."
10.	dicarboxydine (DCD)IBA 12/01/2020 - "The objective of this study was to combine ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) and a heat shock protein-90 inhibitor (HSP90i) to recondition DCD organs and prevent primary graft dysfunction. " 05/01/2015 - "There was also no difference between DCD and DBD in a pooled analysis of 5 studies reporting on primary graft dysfunction (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.68-1.73, p = 0.7, I(2) = 0%) and 4 studies reporting on acute rejection (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.49-1.05, p = 0.09, I(2) = 0%). " 01/01/2019 - "Primary graft dysfunction was more frequent in DCD (60%, DCD 29.3%; P = .006). " 01/01/2016 - "Patients from the DCD group had significantly higher incidence of primary graft dysfunction grade 3 at the end of the procedure (P = 0.014), and significantly lower pO2/FiO2 ratio during the first 24 h after the procedure (P = 0.018). " 09/01/2014 - "Donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers are at markedly increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and biliary tract ischaemia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lung Transplantation 11/18/2021 - "We applied PL to a small lung transplantation study to predict recipients' post-surgery primary graft dysfunction using donors' gene expressions within several immunology pathways, where PL showed improved prediction accuracy compared to conventional penalized regression, classification trees, feed-forward neural network and a neural network assuming prior network structure. " 10/01/2023 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the quantification of B-lines via lung ultrasound after lung transplantation is feasible and correlates with the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction. " 12/01/2019 - "Adipose tissue quantification and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: The Lung Transplant Body Composition study." 06/01/2012 - "Radiological patterns of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation evaluated by 64-multi-slice computed tomography: a descriptive study." 11/01/2010 - "This study assessed the protective effect of NAC on primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. "
2.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 12/01/2019 - "Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a useful treatment for severe primary graft dysfunction after heart transplant. " 11/13/2020 - "This trial also demonstrates that ex situ lung perfusion is safe and feasible with no patients demonstrating primary graft dysfunction scores grade 3 at 72 h or requiring post-operative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." 12/01/2023 - "Primary graft dysfunction may require mechanical circulatory support, such as venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which carries its own risk for complications. " 07/01/2023 - "Posttransplant, 5 recipients developed primary graft dysfunction grade 3 on day 2 or 3, although none required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. " 01/01/2023 - "BODE index criteria had no effect on early and late post-operative clinical data, however intra-operative use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, primary graft dysfunction, and prolonged extubation were significantly higher in recipients younger than 60 years. "
3.	Heart Transplantation (Grafting, Heart) 11/18/2023 - "In addition, we performed correlation analyses between EV transcriptome and intensity of graft IRI (i.e., cardiomyocyte injury), as well as EV transcriptome and primary graft dysfunction, as well as any biopsy-proven acute rejection after heart transplantation. " 10/29/2023 - "The International Consortium on Primary Graft Dysfunction: Redefining Clinical Risk Factors in the Contemporary Era of Heart Transplantation." 10/05/2023 - "HLA sensitization is associated with an increased risk of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation." 10/01/2023 - "Primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation impacts morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization. " 01/01/2023 - "Primary Graft Dysfunction Is Associated With Development of Early Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy, but Not Other Immune-mediated Complications, After Heart Transplantation."
4.	Transplantation 01/01/2022 - "A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help to improve donor management, organ preservation, prevention and treatment of primary graft dysfunction during and post transplantation. " 01/01/2021 - "Improvement in ex vivo lung perfusion protocols could increase the number of donors available for transplantation and protect the lungs from primary graft dysfunction. " 02/01/2015 - "There are limited pediatric data, however, on the efficacy of ECMO in the setting of post-transplantation support for primary graft dysfunction or rejection. " 07/01/2016 - "Initial clinical studies suggest this effect may allow transplantation of donor organs which are now discarded because the risk of primary graft dysfunction is considered too great. " 10/10/2023 - "There were no significant differences between groups in 1-year survival, incidence of severe primary graft dysfunction, treated rejection during the first year, or likelihood of cardiac allograft vasculopathy at 1 year after transplantation. "
5.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/2016 - "This review article was based on studies published between January 1980 and June 2015 and retrieved from PubMed database using the following search terms: "primary graft dysfunction", "early allograft dysfunction", "primary non-function" and "liver transplantation". " 10/22/2021 - "Lung cold ischaemic time was longer in the lung-liver transplant group, but no patient in this group showed primary graft dysfunction at 72 h after the transplant. " 10/01/2020 - "One of the most prevalent complications of orthotopic liver transplant is primary graft dysfunction. " 01/01/2019 - "Although many prognostic factors of primary graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT) are available, it remains difficult to predict failure in a given recipient. " 09/01/2018 - "Recipient-Related Preoperative and Intraoperative Risk Factors for Primary Graft Dysfunction After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation."