Acute Radiation Syndrome

A condition caused by a brief whole body exposure to more than one sievert dose equivalent of radiation. Acute radiation syndrome is initially characterized by ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; VOMITING; but can progress to hematological, gastrointestinal, neurological, pulmonary, and other major organ dysfunction.

Also Known As:

Networked: 99 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 8 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Radiation Injuries (Radiation Sickness)
4.	Radiation Pneumonitis (Radiation Fibrosis)
5.	Ganglion Cysts (Ganglion)

Experts

1.	MacVittie, Thomas J: 9 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Farese, Ann M: 7 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Singh, Vijay K: 6 articles (01/2015 - 01/2012)
4.	Katz, Barry P: 5 articles (06/2015 - 01/2013)
5.	Basile, Lena A: 4 articles (11/2015 - 01/2012)
6.	Orschell, Christie M: 4 articles (11/2015 - 01/2012)
7.	Gluzman-Poltorak, Zoya: 4 articles (11/2015 - 01/2012)
8.	Gudkov, Andrei V: 4 articles (01/2015 - 04/2008)
9.	Feinstein, Elena: 4 articles (01/2015 - 04/2008)
10.	Vainstein, Vladimir: 3 articles (11/2015 - 01/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute Radiation Syndrome:

1.	Filgrastim (Neupogen)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "The efficacy of filgrastim (Neupogen®), a potential medical countermeasure, to improve survival when initiated at 48 h following total body irradiation in a non-human primate model of the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome was investigated. " 09/01/2015 - "Filgrastim for the treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome." 01/01/2013 - "Filgrastim, administered at this dose and schedule, effectively mitigated the lethality of the hematopoietic subsyndrome of the acute radiation syndrome." 06/01/2015 - "To confirm the efficacy of another LGF with a shorter dosing regimen compared to filgrastim, we evaluated the use of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta(®)) in a lethal nonhuman primate (NHP) model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). " 09/01/2015 - "This article summarizes the consequences of high-dose radiation exposure, a description of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), the use of hematopoietic growth factors in radiation accident victims and current available treatments for H-ARS with an emphasis on the use of Neupogen in this scenario."
2.	Amifostine (Ethyol)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2010 - "Amifostine ameliorates recognition memory defect in acute radiation syndrome caused by relatively low-dose of gamma radiation." 03/01/2010 - "This study examined whether amifostine (WR-2721) could attenuate memory impairment and suppress hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice with the relatively low-dose exposure of acute radiation syndrome (ARS). " 09/01/2015 - "CCM-AMI, a Polyethylene Glycol Micelle with Amifostine, as an Acute Radiation Syndrome Protectant in C57BL/6 Mice."
3.	Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (Growth Factors)IBA 01/01/2005 - "Cytokine therapy is the main strategy capable of preventing or reducing the acute radiation syndrome (ARS), and hematopoietic growth factors (GF) are particularly effective in mitigating bone marrow (BM) aplasia and stimulating hematopoietic recovery. " 01/01/2011 - "BMASCT increases blood levels of intestinal growth factors and induces regeneration of the irradiated host ISC niche, thus providing a platform to discover potential radiation mitigators and protectors for acute radiation syndromes and chemo-radiation therapy of abdominal malignancies." 05/01/2006 - "Dose assessment provides a basis for early use of haematopoietic growth factors that can shorten the period of neutropaenia for patients with acute radiation syndrome. " 02/01/2002 - "The use of growth factors (GFs) in the treatment of radiation injury has focused on enhancing recovery from acute radiation syndrome. " 09/01/2015 - "This article summarizes the consequences of high-dose radiation exposure, a description of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), the use of hematopoietic growth factors in radiation accident victims and current available treatments for H-ARS with an emphasis on the use of Neupogen in this scenario."
4.	pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)FDA Link 06/01/2015 - "To confirm the efficacy of another LGF with a shorter dosing regimen compared to filgrastim, we evaluated the use of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta(®)) in a lethal nonhuman primate (NHP) model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). " 01/01/2014 - "In an effort to expand the worldwide pool of available medical countermeasures (MCM) against radiation, the PEGylated G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF) molecules Neulasta and Maxy-G34, a novel PEG-G-CSF designed for increased half-life and enhanced activity compared to Neulasta, were examined in a murine model of the Hematopoietic Syndrome of the Acute Radiation Syndrome (H-ARS), along with the lead MCM for licensure and stockpiling, G-CSF. " 06/01/2015 - "Leukocyte growth factors (LGF), such as filgrastim, pegfilgrastim and sargramostim, have been used to mitigate the hematologic symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after radiation accidents. "
5.	HydrogenIBA 01/01/2010 - "Hydrogen therapy may be an effective and specific novel treatment for acute radiation syndrome." 01/01/2010 - "In like manner, we hypothesize that hydrogen therapy may be an effective, specific and unique treatment for acute radiation syndrome."
6.	CBLB502IBA 04/11/2008 - "A single injection of CBLB502 before lethal total-body irradiation protected mice from both gastrointestinal and hematopoietic acute radiation syndromes and resulted in improved survival. "
7.	tetrachlorodecaoxide (Oxoferin)IBA 08/01/1994 - "In conclusion, TCDO is not only a potent therapeutic agent in acute radiation syndrome, but it also significantly reduced the carcinogenic risk in rats after exposure to ionizing radiation." 08/01/1994 - "Tetrachlorodecaoxygen (TCDO) therapy of acute radiation syndrome was tested for a possible influence on the development of X-ray-induced malignancies. "
8.	Interleukin-12 (IL 12)IBA 02/01/2013 - "This study was aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of recombinant human interleukin-12 (rhIL-12) on monkey hematopoietic system, and to provide experimental evidence for future clinical prophylaxis and treatment for patients who suffered from acute radiation syndrome. " 11/01/2015 - "These results can elucidate insights into the response mechanism of IL-12 in both wound healing and acute radiation syndrome. " 08/01/2015 - "Recombinant human interleukin-12 (rHuIL-12) mitigates the hematopoietic subsyndrome of acute radiation syndrome (HSARS) after total body irradiation (TBI) in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of HSARS. " 01/01/2012 - "HemaMax, a recombinant human interleukin-12 (IL-12), is under development to address an unmet medical need for effective treatments against acute radiation syndrome due to radiological terrorism or accident when administered at least 24 hours after radiation exposure. " 01/01/2014 - "Based on these hematopoietic and immunomodulatory activities, a recombinant human IL-12 (rHuIL-12) is now under development to address the unmet need for a medical countermeasure against the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome (HSARS) that occurs in individuals exposed to lethal radiation, and also to serve as adjuvant therapy that could provide dual hematopoietic and immunotherapeutic benefits in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. "
9.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 02/01/2013 - "In in vivo study, the acute radiation syndrome model was established in 11 Rhesus monkeys which received lethal total body irradiation by 6 Gy (60)Co γ in single time irradiation. " 12/01/2014 - "We exposed male Göttingen minipigs (age, 5 mo; weight, 9 to 11 kg) to γ-radiation doses of 5 to 12 Gy (total body; (60)Co, 0.6 Gy/min) to test whether these animals exhibit classic gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS). " 06/01/2012 - "We further show that mMPC administration mitigates death from acute radiation syndrome at radiation doses of up to 15 Gy ((60)Co γ radiation, CD2F1), which are radiation exposure levels that cause mice to succumb to multi-organ failure, and determined that the dose-reduction factor of 5 million mMPC administered 24 h after irradiation of CD2F1 mice is 1.73. " 06/01/2012 - "Our results show that cryopreserved allogeneic mMPC significantly improve survival in both strains of mice irradiated with lethal doses of (60)Co γ radiation (CD2F1, 9.2 Gy) and X-ray exposures (Balb/c, 9 Gy) that are known to cause acute radiation syndrome in hematopoietic tissues. "
10.	Succinate Dehydrogenase (Fumarate Reductase)IBA 01/01/1984 - "[Interpretation of histochemical changes of succinate dehydrogenase activity in liver parenchyma during the monitoring of the clinical course of the acute radiation syndrome: study of sublethally whole-body irradiated rats]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Stem Cell Transplantation 03/27/2002 - "The initiation of the Centre for Radiation Medicine comes in parallel with a rapid development of the understanding of and treatment options for patients acquiring an acute radiation syndrome, mainly due to improved diagnostic procedures combined with novel therapeutic options, such as stem cell transplantation and cytokine administration." 01/01/2010 - "MSCs may be a succedaneous or intensive method of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation under certain radiation dosages, and could provide a valuable strategy for acute radiation syndrome."
2.	Nuclear Power Plants 10/01/2010 - "In the study here, we analyzed HCV (as well as cytomegalovirus [CMV]) prevalence among Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) accident sufferers--cleanup workers, local residents, NPP workers, and convalescent patients--who suffered acute radiation syndrome (ARS) as a result of the 1986 accident, and individuals who had not been exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). " 05/01/2006 - "More than 300 people involved into the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident were submitted to a specialized clinical observation, and the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was diagnosed in 115 of the patients. " 12/01/1990 - "Materials of the investigation of victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were used for the estimation of a contribution of exposure with incorporated radionuclides to a course of acute radiation syndrome thyroid and pulmonary lesions. "
3.	Radiotherapy 11/15/1993 - "Study of biological effects of varying mixtures of Cf-252 and gamma radiation on the acute radiation syndromes: relevance to clinical radiotherapy of radioresistant cancer." 11/01/2015 - "Therefore, it is a good adjuvant candidate for vaccines, and it might function as a biological protectant against both major acute radiation syndrome during cancer radiotherapy and a mitigator of radiation emergencies. "
4.	Injections 11/01/2015 - "To investigate this in a murine model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, 20 individual survival efficacy studies were grouped based on the severity of the administration (Admn) schedules of their medical countermeasure (MCM) into Admn 1 (no injections), Admn 2 (1-3 injections), or Admn 3 (29 injections or 6-9 oral gavages). "
5.	Hemibody Irradiation 04/01/1985 - "The acute radiation syndrome after half-body irradiation was controlled with a premedication program. " 03/01/1985 - "The frequency of previously described "acute radiation syndromes" and radiation pneumonitis associated with hemibody irradiation have been substantially decreased at the current dosage with premedication and shielding techniques. " 06/01/1986 - "Acute radiation syndrome, radiation pneumonitis, and alopecia are seen with sequential hemibody irradiation and not with 32P, but their incidence can be reduced by careful treatment planning. "