Chloracne

ACNE-like skin eruptions caused by exposure to CHLORINE-containing compounds. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or through the skin. Chloracne is often seen in people who have occupational contact with chlorinated pesticides, wood preservatives, and sealants.

Also Known As:

Networked: 141 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Porphyrias
3.	Thyroid Diseases (Thyroid Disease)
4.	Appendicitis
5.	Acne Vulgaris

Experts

1.	Sorg, Olivier: 3 articles (01/2015 - 10/2014)
2.	Bock, Karl Walter: 3 articles (06/2013 - 05/2005)
3.	Sutter, Thomas R: 3 articles (03/2013 - 12/2010)
4.	Bodreddigari, Sridevi: 3 articles (03/2013 - 12/2010)
5.	Dong, Li: 3 articles (03/2011 - 03/2008)
6.	Kaffenberger, Benjamin H: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
7.	Patterson, Andrew T: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
8.	Elston, Dirk M: 2 articles (01/2016 - 01/2015)
9.	Sutter, Carrie Hayes: 2 articles (03/2013 - 11/2011)
10.	Ju, Qiang: 2 articles (04/2011 - 05/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chloracne:

1.	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Mechanistic studies showed that the TCDD-induced chloracne-like phenotype depends on AhR activation whereas AhR knock down did not appear sufficient to induce the phenotype." 01/05/2007 - "The first included high-exposed study subjects compared with individuals with background TCDD levels (average plasma levels 99.4 and 6.7ppt, respectively); the second compared subjects who developed chloracne after the accident, and those who did not develop this disease. " 07/01/1994 - "A retrospective cohort morbidity study of 158 men first exposed to TCDD between 17 November 1953 and 16 November 1954 subdivided by chloracne state and back calculated TCDD blood lipid concentration, and 161 referents. " 02/01/1992 - "A group of 186 children who contracted chloracne, a reversible marker of TCDD intoxication, shortly after the accident were in the study: none of them died during the observation period. " 09/01/1988 - "This limit provides an ample margin of safety to prevent chloracne following repeated, acute exposure, and it addresses those chronic effects of TCDD observed in animal studies as well as those observed after accidental human exposure. "
2.	CholesterolIBA 05/01/1984 - "Ten years after an incident in which workers were exposed to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) a controlled biochemical study showed statistically significant increases in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of workers both with and without chloracne. " 01/01/1984 - "No differences were found between those with and without chloracne in serum cholesterol, total urinary porphyrins, or in reproductive outcome." 05/01/1986 - "Workers were examined for chloracne and blood concentrations of bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were determined. "
3.	diphenyl (biphenyl)IBA 08/01/1992 - "A serum test for polychlorinated biphenyl was negative, which eliminated a diagnosis of chloracne. " 09/01/1999 - "Chloracne, goiter, arthritis, and anemia after polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: 14-year follow-Up of the Taiwan Yucheng cohort."
4.	Prilocaine (Citanest)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
5.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
6.	EMLAFDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1993 - "Light cautery and EMLA in the treatment of chloracne lesions." 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "
7.	DioxinsIBA 11/01/2011 - "Chloracne is commonly observed in people exposed to dioxins, yet the mechanism of toxicity is not well understood. " 03/25/2011 - "Epidermal tissues of twelve chloracne patients exposed to dioxins were compared with tissues from 12 healthy controls. " 03/25/2011 - "Abnormal expression of MAPK, EGFR, CK17 and TGk in the skin lesions of chloracne patients exposed to dioxins." 01/22/2005 - "The best known and most definitely established effect of exposure to dioxins is chloracne. " 12/01/2000 - "A major symptom was chloracne-like lesion on skin, indicating that growth on keratinocytes was stimulated by dioxins. "
8.	OilsIBA 05/01/1982 - "Ten years after an incident following which 79 workers developed chloracne due to exposure to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin a study was undertaken to establish the current state of health of the affected employees remaining in the company's (Coalite Oils and Chemicals Ltd, a subsidiary company of Coalite Group Ltd) employment. " 01/01/2012 - "Exogenous acne refers to acneiform lesions due to external factors such as cosmetic agents, exposure to various oils, skin rubbing or friction or chloracne, now better called metabolizing acquired dioxin-induced skin hamartoma (MADISH). "
9.	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor)IBA 06/01/2013 - "Marked species differences of dioxin toxicity prompted the review of three well-studied human dioxin toxicities (chloracne, inflammation and cancer) and deregulated Ah receptor (AhR) target genes to obtain hints as to the physiological functions of this receptor. " 03/01/2015 - "Dysregulation of keratinocyte terminal differentiation leading to accelerated formation of the cornified envelope as a result of TCDD-mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation has been implicated as one of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the development of chloracne. " 01/01/2015 - "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytosolic receptor for low molecular weight molecules, of which the most widely recognized ligand is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and the most widely recognized effect, chloracne. " 01/01/2014 - "2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and causes chloracne in humans. " 01/01/2014 - "Induction of a chloracne phenotype in an epidermal equivalent model by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and is not reproduced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor knock down."
10.	Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)IBA 08/01/2008 - "Yucheng women, who had endured previous exposure to PCBs and PCDFs, suffered from increased incidences of diabetes, particularly those who had retained significant levels of pollutant as evident from chloracne. " 01/01/1987 - "Data on environmental contamination, workers' PCBs intake, and health effects (chloracne) were available, which documented the general exposure conditions in the plant. " 02/01/1981 - "All the workers with chloracne were employed on electric capacitor impregnation with PCBs, and no definite association was found between chloracne and blood PCB concentrations. " 05/01/2006 - "Skin disorder such as chloracne, abnormal nail, hyperkeratosis and skin allergy were found in PCBs/PCDFs exposed group. " 07/01/1998 - "Workers with chloracne who had worked with both PCP and polychlorinated biphenyls had significantly higher mean urinary excretions of hepta-, penta-, and coproporphyrins than unexposed workers. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cautery 03/01/1993 - "Light cautery and EMLA in the treatment of chloracne lesions." 03/01/1993 - "We report six patients with chloracne, unresponsive to conventional therapy, whose lesions were cleared by treatment with EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine [lidocaine] 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g) topical anaesthesia and light cautery. "