Ghrelin

A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3083 relevant articles (157 outcomes, 720 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kangawa, Kenji: 130 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Hosoda, Hiroshi: 62 articles (11/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Nakazato, Masamitsu: 51 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
4.	Inui, Akio: 37 articles (09/2015 - 05/2003)
5.	Ghigo, Ezio: 33 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)
6.	Cummings, David E: 30 articles (04/2014 - 05/2002)
7.	Kojima, Masayasu: 29 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
8.	Aydin, Suleyman: 28 articles (10/2015 - 01/2007)
9.	Tschöp, Matthias H: 28 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
10.	Akamizu, Takashi: 26 articles (01/2014 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction) 03/01/2014 - "Duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation provokes rapid weight loss and improved glycemic control, accompanied by elevated fasting ghrelin levels." 11/01/2002 - "We have tested this hypothesis in individuals with widely varying body mass and fat distribution and evaluated whether the improved GH concentrations on weight loss are associated with enhanced ghrelin levels. " 05/01/2011 - "Future directions for investigating relationships between ghrelin and behavioural factors, examining the efficacy of behavioural programmes in reducing ghrelin and improving weight loss maintenance are discussed." 08/01/2007 - "Collectively, these results suggest that in patients with metabolic syndrome, improved adiposity signaling and increased postprandial CCK concentrations may act together as a possible compensatory control mechanism to maintain low intakes and facilitate weight loss, despite an increase in fasting ghrelin concentrations and subjective measures of hunger." 03/01/2006 - "Weight loss is associated with an improved postprandial plasma ghrelin response to a carbohydrate meal, whereas the response to a fat meal is not modified."
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 12/01/2015 - "The synergy of ghrelin agonists and physical exercise could be beneficial in conditions where muscle wasting is present, such as that found in patients with advanced cancer. " 09/01/2015 - "In this study, we examined the effects of ghrelin on cancer promotion in vivo using murine intestinal carcinogenesis models. " 01/01/2013 - "Moreover, in vitro studies showed the capability of ghrelin to modulate tumor cell functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness, although with variable and even paradoxical effects in different cell models. " 12/01/2012 - "Further studies using in vivo models are required to determine whether ghrelin has a role in cancer progression." 12/01/2012 - "Some single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ghrelin and GHSR genes have shown associations with cancer risk; however, larger studies are required. "
3.	Cachexia 01/01/2011 - "Ghrelin is a very promising treatment option for cardiac cachexia, with the analogue BIM-28131 (RM-131) being the most effective compound." 09/18/2001 - "Chronic subcutaneous administration of ghrelin improved LV dysfunction and attenuated the development of LV remodeling and cardiac cachexia in rats with CHF." 05/01/2014 - "Several studies indicate that ghrelin administration is a valid treatment for cachexia because it improves muscle mass and function, likely by restoring a positive energy balance. " 01/01/2013 - "These effects of ghrelin have been confirmed in multiple types of cachexia in both laboratory and human studies, suggesting a positive future for cachexia treatments." 01/01/2013 - "In this chapter, we review the mechanisms of action of ghrelin and present the available data in animal models and human trials using ghrelin or ghrelin mimetics in different settings of cachexia."
4.	Obesity 10/09/2008 - "Loss of ghrelin signaling is protective against diet-induced obesity, suggesting that ghrelin plays a significant homeostatic role in conditions of metabolic stress. " 01/01/2013 - "The main goal of this study was to develop a safe and effective anti-ghrelin vaccine for obesity, through the chemical conjugation of ghrelin with a virus like particle, namely NS1 protein tubules from the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) using a hetero-bifunctional cross linker. " 01/01/2012 - "As it appears to play a role in diet-induced obesity, blocking the action of ghrelin is likely to be effective for treating and preventing obesity. " 01/01/2013 - "The discovery of GOAT helped to redefine the ghrelin research field and enabled the development of another target molecule for potential therapies aimed to prevent/treat diabetes and obesity." 01/01/2005 - "Additionally, the efficacy of different treatment strategies against obesity seems to be related to modifications in plasma ghrelin levels. "
5.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 12/01/2013 - "The percent excess body weight loss was significantly greater in the high-ghrelin group, without differences in the patient backgrounds between the two groups (p = 0.015). " 11/01/2012 - "Significant reduction of body weight and level of serum ghrelin can be achieved with minimal morbidity by LSG or LMGBP in patients with PWS." 09/18/2001 - "CHF rats treated with ghrelin, however, showed a significantly greater increase in body weight than those given placebo (+10% versus +3%, P<0.05). " 10/01/2013 - "Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide, is effective in control of appetite and body weight. " 01/01/2015 - "At the same time, the ghrelin agonist improved spatial learning in the mice, raised their activity levels, and reduced their body weight and fat mass. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Insulin (Novolin)
2.	Ghrelin
3.	Glucose (Dextrose)
4.	Ghrelin Receptors
5.	Hormones
6.	Leptin
7.	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP 1)
8.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1)
9.	Cisplatin (Platino)
10.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bariatric Surgery
2.	Gastrectomy
3.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
4.	Esophagectomy
5.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass)