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Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (T-ALL)

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A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.

Also Known As:

T-ALL; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute T Cell; Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute, T Cell; Lymphocytic Leukemia, T Cell, Acute; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma; Acute T-Cell Leukemia; Acute T-Cell Leukemias; Acute T-Lymphocytic Leukemia; Acute T-Lymphocytic Leukemias; Leukemia, Acute T-Cell; Leukemia, Acute T-Lymphocytic; Leukemias, Acute T-Cell; Leukemias, Acute T-Lymphocytic; Precursor T Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Precursor T Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lymphoma; Precursor T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma; T Cell Leukemia, Acute; T Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute; T-Cell Leukemias, Acute; T-Lymphocytic Leukemias, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T-Cell; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, T-Cell; Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute; Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute, T-Cell; Lymphocytic Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute; T-Cell Leukemia, Acute; T-Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute

Networked: 1224 relevant articles (83 outcomes, 133 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)
2.	Leukemia
3.	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)
4.	Lymphoma (Lymphomas)
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Look, A Thomas: 27 articles (01/2015 - 07/2003)
2.	Ferrando, Adolfo A: 23 articles (08/2015 - 07/2003)
3.	Gutierrez, Alejandro: 16 articles (12/2014 - 07/2007)
4.	Aster, Jon C: 14 articles (11/2014 - 01/2003)
5.	Van Vlierberghe, Pieter: 13 articles (08/2015 - 04/2008)
6.	Aifantis, Iannis: 13 articles (06/2015 - 01/2007)
7.	Pieters, Rob: 12 articles (07/2014 - 01/2006)
8.	Palomero, Teresa: 12 articles (03/2012 - 03/2004)
9.	Speleman, Frank: 10 articles (08/2015 - 04/2010)
10.	Winter, Stuart S: 10 articles (07/2015 - 02/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma:

1.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2009 - "In this study, pCRT was replaced by extended triple intrathecal therapy (TIT) in prednisone good early responders - medium-risk (MR) group, accounting for 76% of T-ALL patients. " 01/01/2015 - "Importantly, 13 of the 20 (65%) NOTCH1/FBXW7-mutated T-ALL patients showed a good prednisone response (P=0.01) and a better clinical outcome compared with NOTCH1/FBXW7 nonmutated patients (P=0.03). " 11/01/2012 - "T-ALL was associated with a high WBC, increased age, more central nervous system involvement, a poor prednisone response, and high MRD, with a 5-year EFS of 68.4 ± 5.2%. " 12/01/2011 - "It is concluded that as compared with B-ALL cases, the male ratio and initial WBC count are higher, moreover the early response to prednisone pretreatment and 3 year EFS are poor in T-ALL cases, the prognosis outcome is poor also." 12/01/2011 - "The sensitive rate of T-ALL and B-ALL patients to prednisone pretreatment was 51.9% and 89.3% respectively (p < 0.05). "
2.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 12/24/2013 - "And the expression level of MEIS1 mRNA was detected with reverse transcription PCR in 3 T-ALL cell lines: sil-ALL, DND41 and RPMI as well as in 75 clinical bone marrow samples including 38 de novo T-ALL patients, 29 complete remission T-ALL patients and 8 normal samples from January 2009 to December 2011. " 12/01/2008 - "The results showed that (1) the expression of SALL4 mRNA were up-regulated in AL (except M3 and T-ALL), and the expression of of SALL4 mRNA in AML was significantly higher than that in B-ALL (p<0.05); expression was negative in 9 out of 10 controls, and expression level of SALL4 mRNA in one case was low; (2) the expression of SALL4 in de novo AL was higher than that in controls, which significantly decreased at complete remission (CR). " 08/01/2006 - "We demonstrate in our study that the expression of total p73 mRNA was higher in childhood T-ALL compared to controls (P=0.004). " 09/14/2015 - "NT5C2 mRNA expression in AML（P<0.01）and B-ALL（P<0.05）cases were higher than that in controls; NT5C2 mRNA expression in T- ALL and in controls showed no significant difference（P>0.05）. " 06/01/2015 - "Furthermore, we find that IKAROS mRNA expression is significantly reduced in a cohort of primary human T-ALL patient samples with activating NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations, but is upregulated upon acute inhibition of aberrant NOTCH signaling across a panel of human T-ALL cell lines. "
3.	Immunotoxins (Immunotoxin)IBA 01/01/1997 - "In vitro, the 2-mer immunotoxin was 5.6 times more effective than the 1-mer immunotoxin at inhibiting protein synthesis in the CD7+ human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) cell line HSB-2 and was also more effective at inhibiting HSB-2 cell proliferation. " 02/01/1994 - "These results demonstrate the useful application of human leukaemia xenografts in SCID mice and the potential therapeutic effect of an anti-CD7 immunotoxin in human T-ALL." 01/01/1990 - "Bone marrow purging with immunotoxins for treatment of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)." 01/01/1989 - "A patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in second remission was treated with high doses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by transplantation of autologous bone marrow purged ex-vivo with an anti-CD5-saporin immunotoxin (OKT1-SAP). " 08/15/1989 - "Seven patients with high-risk acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and six with T cell lymphoma (T-LL) were treated with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) after in vitro purging of their bone marrow with WT1 (CD7)-ricin A-chain immunotoxin. "
4.	Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "The EZH2 inhibitor DZNep used in combination with Daunoblastine was synergistic in inducing growth inhibition and increasing the apoptosis in T-ALL Jurkat cells at 48 and 72 h paralleled by EZH2 decreased expression. " 11/01/2005 - "These five coding alterations seem to occur more frequently in T-ALL (13%) than controls (5%, P = 0.06), but did not associate with altered expression levels of ATM or in vitro resistance to daunorubicin. " 04/01/2006 - "The expression of survivin protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay in bone marrow cells from 62 children with acute leukemia and 40 hospitalized children who did not have leukemia (Control group), and in a human acute T lymphocytic leukemia cell line (Molt-4 cells) treated in vitro with daunorubicin (DNR). " 06/01/2005 - "We studied 68 cases of childhood T-ALL for cytarabine (Ara-C) and daunorubicin sensitivity by FCDSA and compared the results with those obtained by MTT assay. " 02/01/2010 - "The major findings derived from these ALL-BFM trials were as follows: (1) preventive cranial radiotherapy could be safely reduced to 12 Gy in T-ALL and high-risk (HR) ALL patients, and eliminated in non- HR non-T-ALL patients, if it was replaced by high-dose and intrathecal (IT) MTX; (2) omission of delayed re-intensification severely impaired outcome of low-risk patients; (3) 6-month-less maintenance therapy caused an increase in systemic relapses; (4) slow response to an initial 7-day prednisone window was identified as adverse prognostic factor; (5) condensed induction therapy resulted in significant improvement of outcome; (6) the daunorubicin dose in induction could be safely reduced in low-risk patients and (7) intensification of consolidation/re-intensification treatment led to considerable improvement of outcome in HR patients."
5.	Asparaginase (Elspar)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "The results provide evidence supporting the superior efficacy of asparaginase-intensive pediatric-based regimens for adults with T-ALL." 12/01/2000 - "Besides improvement in long-term survival major objectives were reduction of treatment-related toxicity by transferring asparaginase (ASP) from induction therapy to intensive phase and omitting CNS irradiation by stepwise increase of the initial white blood count (WBC) up to 50 x 10(9)/l (exception T-ALL) as criterion for irradiation. " 01/01/2015 - "This study revealed a proliferation inhibiting effect of IGFBP7 by G0/G1 arrest and a drug resistance-inducing effect of IGFBP7 against vincristine and asparaginase in T-ALL. " 01/01/2013 - "As L-asparaginase and BCT-100 both act by depleting lymphoid cells of specific amino acid, we hypothesized that hMSCs may also protect T-ALL blasts from BCT-100 treatment in co-culture and such protection may be abrogated by pre-treating hMSCs with vincristine (VCR). " 01/01/2013 - "To present the results of treatment in adult patients with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) according to the ALL-2009 protocol of the Russian Acute Leukemia Study Group, the basic principle of which is continuation of cytostatic treatment, early switch from prednisolone to dexamethasone, and long-term use of L-asparaginase. "
6.	CAG protocolIBA 03/01/2015 - "Efficacy of CAG regimen was similar in comparison to Hyper-CVAD for relapsed/refractory Ph(-)-T-ALL. " 02/01/2008 - "The efficacy of CR-induction in T-ALL patients and the adverse effects of the CAG regimen need to be further studied." 02/01/2008 - "After CAG therapy, all the T-ALL patients in our study achieved CR, indicating that the CAG regimen is beneficial to the treatment of relapsed or refractory T-ALL. " 12/01/2013 - "The significant treatment potential of CAG regimen for relapsed or primary refractory ALL, especially for T-ALL patients, described in this report would prepare them for a second CR to pursue longer survival." 12/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of CAG regimen eliminating T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) A3 cell line and evaluate the role of G-CSF/G-CSFR system in this process. "
7.	Cytarabine (Cytosar-U)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1993 - "The outcome for patients with T-ALL has especially improved, and the major drugs responsible are C and ara-C. " 09/29/2015 - "Treatment for T-ALL is heavily dependent upon antimetabolite chemotherapeutics, including cytarabine. " 05/01/2014 - "BCL2-specific inhibitor ABT-199 synergizes strongly with cytarabine against the early immature LOUCY cell line but not more-differentiated T-ALL cell lines." 06/01/2005 - "Median cytotoxicity (expressed in arbitrary units) for Ara-C was 8 (0-47) and 27 (0-81), and daunorubicine cytotoxicity for T-ALL and AML samples was 79 (5-100) and 34 (0-98), respectively. " 06/01/1996 - "The observed similarity of cellular accumulation in all groups and the significantly more rapid decrease in T-ALL and AML provide the pharmacokinetic rationale supporting the prolonged infusion duration for ara-C in these subgroups as an alternative to the intensification by high-dose ara-C schedules with short-term infusion."
8.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2001 - "The literature review shows that resistance to methotrexate might be circumvented by continuous drug infusion in T-ALL, relapsed ALL and in AML. " 09/01/1998 - "Our results suggest that RFC gene expression is far more predictive of methotrexate uptake capacity in B-precursor than T-ALL and that increased copies of chromosome 21 in B-precursor ALL blasts are generally associated with increased RFC transcripts. " 09/01/1998 - "Whereas PCR measurements of RFC transcripts approximated changes in methotrexate transport in B-precursor ALL blasts (n = 10), for T-ALL blasts (n = 12) there was no apparent relationship between these parameters. " 08/15/1999 - "Systemic high-dose methotrexate (MTX) and intrathecal chemotherapy is a safe and effective method of CNS prophylaxis in the context of BFM-oriented treatment for all children with ALL, regardless of the risk group (with the possible exception of T-ALL patients with high white blood cell counts). " 11/01/1999 - "Cellular methotrexate (MTX) resistance may cause treatment failure in childhood common/preB-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (c/preB-ALL), T-lineage ALL (T-ALL), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). "
9.	HLA-DR Antigens (HLA-DR)IBA 01/01/2013 - "In terms of Immunophenotype, T-ALL is positive for CD2, CD7, CD34 and HLA-DR, and the level of these markers is increased with increasing age. " 01/01/2011 - "The expression of CD34, HLA-DR, and CD38 has been shown in pro-T-ALL, although in this case, blasts should also express CD7 and cyCD3. " 06/01/1989 - "Hematopoietic progenitor cell markers, namely HLA-DR, J5 (CD10), and My10 (CD34), further characterized this immature T ALL of putative prothymocytic phenotype. " 02/15/1987 - "Among the 10 immature T-ALL three appeared to express the immunologic phenotype of the putative prothymocyte (TdT+/HLA-DR+/CD7+/CD2+/CD5-/CD1-/CD3-), whereas the other seven T-ALL appeared to be immature thymocytic (TdT+/HLA-DR-/CD7+/CD2+/CD5+/CD1-/CD3-). " 12/01/1986 - "In T-ALL a few TdT + cells remain that exhibit the features of normal TdT + BM cells (CD7-, HLA-DR+). "
10.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 01/01/2009 - "However, new therapeutic strategies aiming to optimize the use of anti-NOTCH1 therapies for T-ALL, including combination therapies with molecularly targeted drugs and glucocorticoids, have started to emerge as a result of improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of GSIs in leukemic cells and the intestinal epithelium. " 04/01/2014 - "Up to 25% of patients with T-cell ALL (T-ALL) develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, particularly to glucocorticoids (GCs), a class of drug to which resistance is one of the strongest indicators of poor clinical outcome. " 08/01/2009 - "Thus, combination therapies with GSIs plus glucocorticoids may offer a new opportunity for the use of anti-NOTCH1 therapies in human T-ALL." 01/01/2009 - "These results support a role for glucocorticoids plus GSIs in the treatment of glucocorticoid-resistant T-ALL." 01/01/2013 - "Glucocorticoids (GCs) resistance is frequently encountered in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially in T-ALL, which usually results in failure of treatment. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/2011 - "After the first chemotherapy, the complete remission rate in Pro-T-ALL was statistically lower than that of Pre-T-ALL. " 02/01/1996 - "The pathologic clone appeared after sequential chemotherapy treatment for AML-M5 when the patient was in complete remission before development of T-ALL. " 10/26/1985 - "7 patients with immature T-ALL (median age 42 years, range 13-73) were treated with intensified chemotherapy regimens, and only one 47-year-old female entered a short-lived complete remission. " 07/01/1984 - "Prognostically favorable factors for remission duration were response to chemotherapy within 4 weeks, age less than 35 years, a low initial leukocyte count, and the immunologic subtypes c-ALL with early response to therapy and T-ALL, where 61% and 58%, respectively, are still in complete remission at 3 years. " 05/30/2014 - "T-ALL patients treated with intensive chemotherapy achieve high rates of remission. "
2.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 06/08/2015 - "Moreover, genetic targeting of Cxcr4 in murine T-ALL after disease onset led to rapid, sustained disease remission, and CXCR4 antagonism suppressed human T-ALL in primary xenografts. " 12/09/2010 - "Treatment of high-risk T-ALL xenografts eliminated CD1a(+) T-ALL cells, but CD1a(-) cells were resistant and their number was increased. " 09/03/2015 - "Expression of AKR1C3 was significantly higher in T-ALL xenografts compared with BCP-ALL, and correlated with PR-104/PR-104A sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. " 06/18/2015 - "We also confirm the relevance of these findings to human disease using cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, suggesting that targeting these pathways could benefit patients with T-ALL. " 04/01/2015 - "Rapid childhood T-ALL growth in xenograft models correlates with mature phenotype and NF-κB pathway activation but not with poor prognosis."
3.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow) 03/06/1987 - "One patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (T-All) in second remission died of an extramedullary relapse 485 days after bone marrow transplantation. " 03/01/2013 - "T-ALL, white blood cell count(WBC) more than 30×109/L when first visited, increased LDH, positive fusion gene of TCR and bone marrow transplantation were the adverse prognostic factors. " 01/01/1992 - "Acute leukemia cell suppression via high-efficiency infection with retroviruses encoding wtp53 may be feasible and beneficial in T-ALL cases as part of a bone marrow transplantation regimen in an effort to reduce the frequency of posttransplantation relapse." 05/01/2014 - "Whereas FIP1L1-PDGFRα alone induced acute T-cell leukemia or myeloproliferative neoplasms in mouse bone marrow transplantation models, mice transplanted with bone marrow cells expressing both Hes1 and FIP1L1-PDGFRα developed acute leukemia characterized by an expansion of myeloid blasts and leukemic cells without eosinophilic granules. " 05/01/2012 - "In a mouse bone marrow transplantation model, RasGRP1 exclusively induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) after a shorter latency when compared with RasGRP4. "
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2014 - "Despite aggressive treatment approaches, including transplantation and new salvage regimens, most children with relapsed T-ALL will not be cured. " 01/01/2012 - "In this study, CD34(+) cells from NOTCH1(Mutated) T-ALL samples had higher leukemic engraftment and serial transplantation capacity than NOTCH1(Wild-type) CD34(+) cells in hematopoietic niches, suggesting that self-renewing LIC were enriched within the NOTCH1(Mutated) CD34(+) fraction. " 05/01/2012 - "Seventy-two patients diagnosed with T-ALL underwent transplantation from haploidentical donor family members. " 01/01/2012 - "Humanized NOTCH1 monoclonal antibody treatment reduced LIC survival and self-renewal in NOTCH1(Mutated) T-ALL LIC-engrafted mice and resulted in depletion of CD34(+)CD2(+)CD7(+) cells that harbor serial transplantation capacity. " 01/01/2009 - "There seems to be no need for transplantation in thymic T-ALL in first CR. "
5.	Radiotherapy 04/01/2012 - "In the programme currently used in Poland to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, prophylactic radiotherapy has been reduced by 50% (12 Gy) and is used only in patients stratified into the high risk group and in patients diagnosed as T-cell ALL (T-ALL). " 01/01/2011 - "Therapy-related ALL (t-ALL) is a rare secondary leukemia that develops after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for primary malignancies. " 01/01/2010 - "Therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t-ALL) is a rare secondary leukemia following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for primary malignancies. " 01/01/1989 - "A patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in second remission was treated with high doses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by transplantation of autologous bone marrow purged ex-vivo with an anti-CD5-saporin immunotoxin (OKT1-SAP). " 02/01/2010 - "The major findings derived from these ALL-BFM trials were as follows: (1) preventive cranial radiotherapy could be safely reduced to 12 Gy in T-ALL and high-risk (HR) ALL patients, and eliminated in non- HR non-T-ALL patients, if it was replaced by high-dose and intrathecal (IT) MTX; (2) omission of delayed re-intensification severely impaired outcome of low-risk patients; (3) 6-month-less maintenance therapy caused an increase in systemic relapses; (4) slow response to an initial 7-day prednisone window was identified as adverse prognostic factor; (5) condensed induction therapy resulted in significant improvement of outcome; (6) the daunorubicin dose in induction could be safely reduced in low-risk patients and (7) intensification of consolidation/re-intensification treatment led to considerable improvement of outcome in HR patients."