Myocardial Bridging

A malformation that is characterized by a muscle bridge over a segment of the CORONARY ARTERIES. Systolic contractions of the muscle bridge can lead to narrowing of coronary artery; coronary compression; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH.

Also Known As:

Networked: 94 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Atherosclerosis
2.	Ischemia
3.	Myocardial Infarction
4.	Coronary Artery Disease (Coronary Atherosclerosis)
5.	Coronary Stenosis (Coronary Artery Stenosis)

Experts

1.	Teragawa, Hiroki: 2 articles (06/2015 - 08/2003)
2.	Herrmann, Joerg: 2 articles (01/2014 - 06/2005)
3.	Prasad, Abhiram: 2 articles (01/2014 - 02/2012)
4.	Lerman, Amir: 2 articles (01/2014 - 06/2005)
5.	Akdemir, Ramazan: 2 articles (01/2009 - 02/2005)
6.	Akilli, Azem: 2 articles (02/2008 - 06/2007)
7.	Akin, Mustafa: 2 articles (02/2008 - 06/2007)
8.	Zoghi, Mehdi: 2 articles (02/2008 - 06/2007)
9.	Ozerkan, Filiz: 2 articles (02/2008 - 06/2007)
10.	Duygu, Hamza: 2 articles (02/2008 - 06/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myocardial Bridging:

1.	DobutamineFDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1997 - "For the evaluation of the haemodynamic importance of myocardial bridging, intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements and angiography during dobutamine stress may be helpful in clinical decision making." 01/01/2014 - "Fractional flow reserve with dobutamine challenge and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in symptomatic myocardial bridging." 02/01/2012 - "Detection of myocardial bridging induced ischaemia during cardiac catheterization by dobutamine-stress electrocardiographic body surface mapping." 01/01/2008 - "Dobutamine stress unmasked further lumen reduction and may give further insight into the clinical significance of myocardial bridging in individual patients. " 01/01/2008 - "Mechanisms involved in symptomatic myocardial bridging: Value of sequential testing for endothelial function, flow reserve measurements and dobutamine stress angiography."
2.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1986 - "Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of beta-blocker therapy in patients with myocardial bridging and the use of intravenous propranolol at the time of coronary angiography may have practical implications in selecting drug therapy for patients with symptomatic myocardial bridging."
3.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 09/01/2013 - "Three-vessel myocardial bridging causing severe angina." 01/01/2013 - "Diastolic vessel diameters in the myocardial bridging segment were significantly smaller than reference segments (all P < 0.01). " 03/17/2009 - "Myocardial bridging was considered when the left anterior descending coronary artery was within the interventricular gorge and was classified as either myocardial bridging with partial encasement or myocardial bridging with full encasement, according to the extent of vessel encasement by the myocardium. " 10/01/2008 - "Intramyocardial course, an inborn coronary anomaly, is defined as a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery that runs intramurally through the myocardium; in particular, we distinguish myocardial bridging, in which the vessel returns to an epicardial position after the muscle bridge, and intramyocardial course, which is described as a vessel running and ending in the myocardium. " 03/14/2008 - "Myocardial bridging of a coronary artery is an anatomic anomaly in which a major epicardial coronary artery extends intramurally into the myocardium for a part of the vessel's course. "
4.	Calcium Channel Blockers (Blockers, Calcium Channel)IBA 06/01/2012 - "Efficacy of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of the myocardial bridging: a pilot study." 09/01/2009 - "Medical treatments of coronary myocardial bridging (CMB) generally include beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers. "
5.	Dipyridamole (Persantine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1997 - "Despite the presence of severe myocardial bridging, coronary flow reserve increased substantially two minutes after the infusion of dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg iv for 4 minutes). " 04/01/1988 - "A patient with myocardial bridging and a thallium-201 scintigraphy perfusion defect after the administration of intravenous dipyridamole is presented. " 05/01/2005 - "This study was done to determine the concordance of exercise stress SPECT images with that obtained by dipyridamole stress SPECT images as a means of detecting ischemia in patients with myocardial bridging. " 10/01/2012 - "Dipyridamole 201Tl myocardial SPECT in the assessment of a patient with myocardial bridging and concomitant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease." 04/01/1988 - "The effects of coronary vasodilators and dipyridamole on coronary artery flow patterns in patients with myocardial bridging are discussed. "
6.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 12/01/2011 - "Systolic luminal narrowing and morphologic characteristics of myocardial bridging of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery by dual-source computed tomography." 11/01/1991 - "Each angiogram was reviewed for luminal irregularities or discrete stenoses, for the loss of third-order branching, and for the presence of myocardial bridging or calcification of vessels. " 11/01/2013 - "The objective of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy and dynamics of systolic and diastolic luminal changes within the bridged segments of coronary arteries after intracoronary stenting with drug-eluting stent (DES) in patients (pts) with symptomatic myocardial bridging (SMB) in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis. " 10/01/1987 - "In nine of the 24 subjects the slope corresponded to the number of significantly narrowed coronary arteries (greater than 75% reduction in luminal diameter); in 12 of the remaining 15 subjects who had no coronary narrowing, there were cardiac lesions which included cardiac enlargement, aortic valve disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial bridging and conduction defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"
7.	Ergonovine (Ergometrine)IBA 04/01/2002 - "A coronary angiogram showed a myocardial bridging in the left anterior descending artery and coronary vasospasm was reproduced after intracoronary ergonovine injection in the circumflex coronary artery. " 04/01/1991 - "The aim of this study was to detect coronary spasm by provocative ergometrine testing in 4 patients, all male, aged 21 to 49 years, average 39 years old, who had anterior myocardial infarction associated with myocardial bridging of the LAD artery without atheromatous coronary stenosis. "
8.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 01/24/2009 - "Adrenergic stimulation or afterload reduction by nitroglycerin facilitates diagnosis of myocardial bridging by increasing coronary compression. " 08/01/2003 - "Myocardial bridging was defined as a > 15% reduction in coronary arterial diameter during systole after intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin. " 12/01/1999 - "Myocardial bridging is characterized by the following morphological and functional signs: a specific, echolucent half moon phenomenon over the bridge segment, which exists throughout the cardiac cycle; systolic compression of the bridge segment of the coronary artery; accelerated flow velocity at early diastole (finger-tip phenomenon); no or reduced systolic antegrade flow; decreased diastolic/systolic velocity ratio; retrograde flow in the proximal segment, which is provoked and enhanced by nitroglycerin injection." 11/01/1994 - "The other 58 patients received 0.2 mg nitroglycerin (NTG) intracoronarily and 30 micrograms/ml orciprenalin (ORC) intravenously up to a heart rate of 130/min. Repeated angiography revealed systolic compression of the LAD due to myocardial bridging (MB) in 40% (25 of 62). " 04/01/1995 - "An infrequent angiographic finding is reported of myocardial bridging involving more than one site of the left anterior descending coronary artery in a symptomatic patient with ischemia exacerbated by nitroglycerin administration. "
9.	Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)FDA Link 01/01/2011 - "The interplay of endothelial dysfunction, coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial bridging was detected by intracoronary acetylcholine test and IVUS. " 01/01/2012 - "In both patients, acetylcholine challenge clearly revealed both the presence and the severity of myocardial bridging while producing several recognizable degrees of abnormal spastic tendency.Both" 10/01/2007 - "In 81 patients with myocardial bridging (44 men; mean age 57.2 years) and 195 control patients without bridging and atherosclerotic lesions confirmed by angiography (97 men; mean age 58.4 years), spasm provocation testing was done by incremental acetylcholine infusion into the left coronary artery. " 01/01/2008 - "Myocardial bridging was evaluated at rest, during intracoronary acetylcholine infusion, through coronary flow velocity and flow reserve measurements, and during dobutamine stress. "
10.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 04/01/2008 - "We describe a case of POTS syndrome and myocardial bridging co-existing and presenting a therapeutic challenge." 02/17/2011 - "Co-existing features of asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, outflow tract obstruction, systolic anterior mitral valve motion and LAD myocardial bridging make the underlying patho-physiology difficult to ascertain. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/1986 - "Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of beta-blocker therapy in patients with myocardial bridging and the use of intravenous propranolol at the time of coronary angiography may have practical implications in selecting drug therapy for patients with symptomatic myocardial bridging."
2.	Drug-Eluting Stents 11/01/2013 - "Five-year angiographic and clinical follow-up of patients with drug-eluting stent implantation for symptomatic myocardial bridging in absence of coronary atherosclerotic disease." 06/12/2007 - "Drug eluting stent implantation for the treatment of symptomatic myocardial bridging is associated with favorable peri-procedural results and short-term outcomes." 03/30/2005 - "Symptomatic myocardial bridging--a niche indication for drug-eluting stents?" 03/01/2010 - "Coronary artery perforation following implantation of a drug-eluting stent rescued by deployment of a covered stent in symptomatic myocardial bridging." 08/01/2014 - "Impact of myocardial bridging on the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease treated with a drug-eluting stent."
3.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 03/01/2013 - "The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, and results of these papers are tabulated; these studies reported the outcome of myotomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for myocardial bridging. " 05/01/2013 - "Results of coronary artery bypass grafting in myocardial bridging of left anterior descending artery." 03/01/2013 - "Is coronary artery bypass grafting an acceptable alternative to myotomy for the treatment of myocardial bridging?" 03/15/2011 - "Myotomy after previous coronary artery bypass grafting for treatment of myocardial bridging." 05/01/2013 - "We aimed to evaluate the graft patency rate following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with proximal myocardial bridging (MB). "
4.	Stents 06/12/2007 - "Although initial data regarding DES implantation for symptomatic myocardial bridging are promising, long-term follow up, particularly related to in-stent restenosis will be important." 06/01/2007 - "[Multiple percutaneous coronary stent implantation due to myocardial bridging--a case report]." 06/01/2007 - "The use of self-expanding stents could be a potential treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging." 06/01/2007 - "To our knowledge, this is the first report of using a self-expanding stent in myocardial bridging. " 06/01/2007 - "Self-expanding intracoronary stent for symptomatic myocardial bridging."
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/2013 - "Despite the possibility of competitive flow in the native coronary artery after CABG for myocardial bridging, we did not identify any evidence demonstrating graft occlusion after CABG for myocardial bridging. " 05/01/2013 - "We aimed to evaluate the graft patency rate following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with proximal myocardial bridging (MB). " 09/01/2012 - "We present a case of deep position myocardial bridging in a patient who had early graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting and had stent deformation and in-stent restonesis after succedent stenting." 09/01/2012 - "Graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting and stent deformation and in-stent restenosis after succedent stenting in a patient with deep position myocardial bridging." 03/01/2010 - "We successfully rescued a patient whose coronary artery perforated following implantation of a drug-eluting stent (DES), by deploying a stent-graft in symptomatic myocardial bridging. "