Vascular Malformations

A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1439 relevant articles (108 outcomes, 120 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hemangioma (Angioma)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
5.	Port-Wine Stain (Nevus Flammeus)

Experts

1.	Boon, Laurence M: 9 articles (10/2020 - 07/2008)
2.	Fishman, Steven J: 8 articles (11/2019 - 02/2005)
3.	Wildgruber, Moritz: 7 articles (04/2022 - 02/2018)
4.	Marchuk, Douglas A: 7 articles (10/2021 - 02/2004)
5.	Vikkula, Miikka: 7 articles (10/2020 - 07/2008)
6.	Brookes, Jocelyn: 6 articles (10/2022 - 01/2020)
7.	Hamilton, George: 6 articles (10/2022 - 01/2020)
8.	Lim, Chung Sim: 6 articles (10/2022 - 01/2020)
9.	Tsui, Janice: 6 articles (10/2022 - 01/2020)
10.	Richter, Gresham T: 6 articles (01/2022 - 01/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vascular Malformations:

1.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)FDA Link 01/01/2022 - "Furthermore, sirolimus has proven efficacy in complex vascular malformations, and hence, its utility/efficacy in infantile primary chylous effusions warrants further investigation. " 01/01/2022 - "In previously published studies, oral sirolimus (rapamycin) has shown promising results in the treatment of low-flow vascular malformations, but its usefulness in high-flow vascular malformations is controversial. " 10/02/2020 - "With improvement in the understanding of pathogenesis of vascular malformations, sirolimus has been a promising and effective treatment. " 11/01/2022 - "Sirolimus is the standard treatment for painful inflammatory manifestations of low-flow vascular malformations such capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations that can occur singly or in combination but PIK3CA inhibitors, originally developed in oncology, have shown promising results in patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum. " 11/01/2018 - "Sirolimus has emerged as a promising treatment for complex congenital vascular malformations but is limited because of systemic side effects. "
2.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2023 - "Symptoms of vascular malformations of the tongue are improved after a median of two interventions with significantly increased volume reduction after Bleomycin-electrosclerotherapy." 01/01/2018 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous injection of bleomycin as the primary treatment for low-flow vascular malformations. " 07/01/2022 - "The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of intralesional bleomycin injection in vascular malformations (VMs), especially venous and lymphatic malformations present extracranially on the face, lips and intraorally. " 01/01/2023 - "Bleomycin electrosclerotherapy (BEST) for the treatment of vascular malformations. " 01/01/2022 - "A prospective observational case series of patients with vascular malformations treated with bleomycin EST. "
3.	Polidocanol (Laureth)FDA Link 09/01/2008 - "Percutaneous embolization of vascular malformations using a mixture of polidocanol and CO(2) is efficacious and has a low rate of complications. " 09/01/2008 - "[Percutaneous treatment of peripheral vascular malformations with a mixture of polidocanol and CO(2). " 02/01/2023 - "Treatment of low-flow vascular malformations with 1% polidocanol foam is safe and effective; sclerotherapy improves symptoms and quality of life. " 02/01/2023 - "Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the clinical response of low-flow vascular malformations treated with 1% polidocanol foam sclerotherapy and determined the correlation of symptom improvement with clinical variables. " 07/01/2019 - "Foam Polidocanol Sclerotherapy for Low-Flow Vascular Malformations of Tongue."
4.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 02/01/2011 - "Immunohistochemical study revealed higher level of VEGF expression in vascular malformations compared to that in normal vessels of the adjacent tissue. " 01/01/2021 - "Blocking VEGF signalling also reduces vascular malformations in mouse models of HHT1 and HHT2. " 05/01/2018 - "Serum VEGF and/or bFGF levels are increased in cutaneous vascular anomalies and can differentiate IHs from vascular malformations. " 05/01/2018 - "Serum levels of VEGF and bFGF were assessed in 60 infants and children with various cutaneous vascular anomalies defined in 3 groups: proliferating IHs (n = 25), involuting IHs (n = 23), and vascular malformations (n = 12), in comparison with their levels in 40 healthy matched control. " 08/01/2016 - "Factors traditionally considered as purely angiogenic, like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), exert complex heterogenous actions on both neural and vascular malformation-derived tissues. "
5.	ProgesteroneFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "The aim of our studies is to test the hypothesis that oestrogen-progesterone is an effective treatment for bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations in patients with a very high transfusion need and in whom surgical or endoscopic treatment failed or could not be performed. " 04/21/1990 - "The findings indicate that oestrogen-progesterone is an effective treatment for severely bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations." 04/21/1990 - "Treatment of bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations with oestrogen-progesterone." 01/01/1993 - "Oestrogen-progesterone, a new therapy of bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations." 11/01/2017 - "Estrogen and progesterone may influence vascular malformations by increasing neovascularization in the lesions. "
6.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 02/01/2014 - "Ethanol embolization of vascular malformations produces good outcomes, with control or relief of symptoms in a majority of patients." 09/01/2014 - "Anhydrous ethanol is a commonly used sclerotic agent for treating vascular malformations. " 11/01/2013 - "To present our experience in treating vascular malformations in the oral cavity solely by injecting ethanol into the lesions. " 10/01/2008 - "Routinely used in the treatment of superficial vascular malformations, the use of absolute alcohol intracerebrally appears to be unreliable, with results that were only temporary." 02/01/2006 - "Data from 92 ethanol embolization procedures performed on 56 patients with vascular malformations between May 2001 and May 2003 are reported. "
7.	Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate (Sotradecol)FDA Link 07/01/2006 - "This paper describes the management of two cases of the mandibular vascular malformations using trans-osseous injection of the sodium tetradecyl sulfate to the periphery of the lesion. " 09/24/2014 - "Foam sclerotherapy is currently used successfully to treat varicosities of the lower limbs and in this study, we present four cases in which 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate has been used to treat low-flow vascular malformations in the head and neck. " 01/01/2017 - "Management of the vascular malformation using intralesional injections of sodium tetradecyl sulfate to the lesion is discussed. " 12/01/2015 - "Sclerotherapy using 1% sodium tetradecyl sulfate to treat a vascular malformation: a report of two cases." 07/01/2012 - "Low flow vascular malformation of the buccal mucosa treated conservatively by sclerotherapy (3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate)."
8.	Bevacizumab (Avastin)FDA Link 01/01/2016 - "Further studies need to be conducted to confirm the efficacy of bevacizumab injections to treat vascular malformation; however, this form of management does seem promising." 11/01/2013 - "Twenty-nine patients with brain tumors or vascular malformations developed clinical and/or imaging evidence of ARE after SRS and were treated using bevacizumab. " 11/01/2008 - "Bevacizumab to treat complicated liver vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a word of caution." 03/07/2012 - "In this preliminary study of patients with HHT associated with severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output, administration of bevacizumab was associated with a decrease in cardiac output and reduced duration and number of episodes of epistaxis. " 07/01/2013 - "Bevacizumab: finding its niche in the treatment of heart failure secondary to liver vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia."
9.	AlpelisibIBA 01/01/2023 - "Targeted treatment of severe vascular malformations harboring PIK3CA and TEK mutations with alpelisib is highly effective with limited toxicity." 10/01/2020 - "Other targeted treatment strategies, such as the PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib for PIK3CA-mutated vascular malformations, are also emerging. " 12/01/2019 - "Alpelisib Treatment for Genital Vascular Malformation in a Patient with Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular Malformations, Epidermal Nevi, and Spinal/Skeletal Anomalies and/or Scoliosis (CLOVES) Syndrome." 09/01/2023 - "Recent studies have linked genetic variants hyperactivating either the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and/or RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathways with slow-flow vascular malformation development, leading to the use of pharmacotherapies such as sirolimus and alpelisib. " 05/01/2023 - "KTS is thought to be due to a somatic mutation in phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase. It belongs to a group of syndromes termed the PI3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum (PROS) disorders. Because of the rarity and clinical heterogeneity of these disorders, management is patient specific, and best evidence guidelines are lacking. The most common clinical complications are thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, pain, bleeding, and high-output heart failure. Surgery is recommended for hemangiomas and chronic venous insufficiency. The early identification of children with PROS disorders has allowed treatment with mTOR inhibitors which have been shown to be effective. The recent development of a direct PI3K inhibitor (alpelisib) has shown promise in preventing abnormal growth and long-term complications of KTS. This report documents a case of high-output heart failure due to the vascular malformations associated with KTS in a 57-year-old male patient and discusses current literature regarding the management of KTS with inhibitors of mTOR and PI3KCA."
10.	SolutionsIBA 02/01/2023 - "A Simple Surgical Solution for Functional Improvement of Deforming Vascular Malformations with Lip Involvement." 04/01/2015 - "The most probable solution will be surgery for the disc disease with thorough preoperative scanning of vascular malformations; clinical and radiological close follow-up after surgery. " 10/01/2015 - "1:1,000,000 tumescent solution is effective for resection of slow flow vascular malformation in hand and upper extremity without tourniquet application." 10/01/2015 - "To present the efficacy of 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution for resection of vascular malformation in hand and upper extremity without tourniquet application. " 01/01/2011 - "The surgical treatment was made to 21 patients with vascular malformation of the tongue, selective bilateral catheterization of lingual arteries and endovascular microembolization by PVA - 250-400 μ was successfully performed in 4 cases, transcutaneus sclerotherapy with solution aethoxyskleroli 0,5% in 3 cases was successfully provided. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sclerotherapy 11/01/2020 - "Sclerotherapy is widely used for the treatment of low-flow vascular malformations (LFVMs) as an alternative to surgical resection in adults; however, limited data of its use in a pediatric setting are available. " 09/01/2019 - "Sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for vascular malformations of the lips and oral cavity, with resolution after only one or two applications (n=16)." 11/01/2012 - "Treatment with 3% STD sclerotherapy is effective in venous and some lymphatic vascular malformations. " 06/01/2011 - "Sclerotherapy was effective in the treatment of vascular malformations, and the method chosen was adequate for lesion resolution without complications." 01/01/2009 - "Sclerotherapy is effective in the treatment of vascular malformations. "
2.	Therapeutics 02/01/2015 - "Surgical and endovascular therapies are highly effective in treating spinal vascular malformations. " 06/01/2023 - "A molecular diagnosis, including previously undescribed genetic causes, was obtained in 41% of participants with pCLAs and 72% of participants with other vascular malformations, leading to a new medical therapy for 63% (43/69) of participants and resulting in improvement in 63% (35/55) of participants on therapy. " 01/11/2023 - "By summarizing the existing innovations, this article proposes to study the pathogenesis, widely explore novel therapeutic targets, and integrate advanced auxiliary technologies, so as to develop more accurate and minimally invasive therapies for orbital vascular malformation. " 12/01/2018 - "The therapy effects found in this study could be instantly visualized, and this may offer a new tool for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of vascular malformations." 01/01/2014 - "The results of molecular studies on vascular malformations have indicated new strategies for medical therapies. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 11/01/2020 - "Meanwhile, patient outcomes have improved with new discoveries in laser technology for the treatment of Vascular Malformation, especially those of capillaries and the results are, in most of the cases, quite satisfactory and without significant complications. " 09/01/2020 - "Pulse laser treatment is useful for aesthetic improvement in children with capillary vascular malformation and residual superficial haemangiomas. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of the study was to present a prospective analysis of the efficacy of treatment of PWS vascular malformations by means of KTP 532 nm laser. " 07/01/2006 - "Modern lasers allow different parameters to be altered in an effort to gain further improvement in otherwise resistant capillary vascular malformations (CMs). " 11/01/2023 - "The findings from this study demonstrate that PUT can efficiently and safely remove hypervascular dermal capillaries using laser fluence at a level that is orders of magnitude smaller than that used in conventional laser treatment of vascular lesions, thus offering a safer alternative technique for clinical management of cutaneous vascular malformations."
4.	Solid-State Lasers 02/01/2014 - "These results suggest that the Nd:YAG laser is effective for the treatment of vascular malformations in the oral region." 01/01/1999 - "The Nd:YAG-laser radiation at 1064 nm presents an effective treatment of vascular malformations due to its deep penetration into the tissue. " 12/01/2020 - "Commentary on Efficacy and Safety of the 532-nm KTP and Long-Pulsed 1,064-nm Nd: YAG Laser for Treatment of Vascular Malformations." 12/01/2020 - "Efficacy and Safety of the 532-nm KTP and Long-Pulsed 1064-nm Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Treatment of Vascular Malformations." 05/01/2017 - "The primary endpoint was to understand the frequency of resolution of slow-flow vascular malformations in KTP laser treatment. "
5.	Dye Lasers 01/01/2013 - "The pulsed dye laser (PDL) is recognized both as an effective treatment for vascular malformations and the as first treatment of choice for these lesions. " 04/01/1996 - "Treatment with the 585 nm flashlamp pulsed dye laser is safe and effective in the management of superficial vascular malformations. " 01/01/2013 - "Histological study on the treatment of vascular malformations resistant to pulsed dye laser." 07/01/2006 - "The effect of varying pulse duration, wavelength, spot size, and fluence on the response of previously treated capillary vascular malformations to pulsed-dye laser treatment." 05/01/2006 - "Following pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment of capillary vascular malformations (CMs), the capillaries left behind tend to be smaller and deeper. "