Livedo Reticularis

A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.

Also Known As:

Networked: 349 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 11 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Ulcer
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Thrombocytopenia (Thrombopenia)
4.	Purpura
5.	Vasculitis (Vasculitides)

Experts

1.	Criado, Paulo Ricardo: 3 articles (08/2020 - 03/2016)
2.	Kawakami, Tamihiro: 3 articles (03/2011 - 06/2007)
3.	Ordi-Ros, Josep: 2 articles (11/2019 - 05/2009)
4.	Berlit, Peter: 2 articles (05/2016 - 10/2005)
5.	Kraemer, Markus: 2 articles (05/2016 - 10/2005)
6.	Miyachi, Yoshiki: 2 articles (03/2012 - 03/2011)
7.	Soma, Yoshinao: 2 articles (03/2011 - 05/2009)
8.	Yamazaki, Masahide: 2 articles (05/2009 - 09/2006)
9.	D'Cruz, D P: 2 articles (02/2008 - 01/2005)
10.	Hughes, G R V: 2 articles (02/2008 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Livedo Reticularis:

1.	AntibodiesIBA 03/01/2002 - "With the purpose of determining whether a relationship exists between Livedo Reticularis (LR) and anticardiolipine antibodies (ACA) in patients with Systemic Lupus Erithemathosus (SLE), a clinical prospective and descriptive study was carried out on 17 female lupus patients with LR, aged 15-46, from the Immunology and Dermatology outpatient clinic of the Enrique Tejera Hospital Compound in Valencia, Venezuela, during 1998. " 05/01/1997 - "A study of coagulation and anti-endothelial antibodies in idiopathic livedo reticularis." 01/01/1995 - "The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of anti-beta 2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies in idiopathic livedo reticularis. " 05/01/1997 - "We sought to determine a possible causal relationship between idiopathic livedo reticularis and autoimmune factors associated with the coagulation system, including antiendothelial cell antibodies. " 10/01/1989 - "The relative odds of livedo reticularis were 23-fold greater in those with elevated anticardiolipin levels than in those without these antibodies. "
2.	CryoglobulinsIBA 04/28/2023 - "The disappearance of serum cryoglobulin was confirmed approximately two years after an SVR was obtained and livedo reticularis was improved. " 01/01/2015 - "Vasculitic lesions and livedo reticularis of the legs showed higher prevalence in cryoglobulin-positive than in cryoglobulin-negative patients. " 01/01/2015 - "Twelve patients (10.169%) were positive for serum cryoglobulins (2 with pruritus, 4 with vasculitic lesions, 3 with livedo reticularis, one with oral lichen, one with chronic urticaria, and another with Schamberg's disease). " 05/01/1992 - "Cryoglobulins, anticardiolipin antibodies and livedo reticularis." 06/01/1990 - "Cryoglobulins in a patient with SLE, livedo reticularis, and elevated level of anticardiolipin antibodies."
3.	Antinuclear AntibodiesIBA 02/01/2005 - "We report on a 54-year-old woman with Sneddon's syndrome manifested by livedo reticularis, fetal losses, hypertension, and high antinuclear antibody titres. " 03/01/2001 - "Outcome measures comprised rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, sicca symptoms polymyositis/ dermatomyositis, connective tissue disease overlap, digital vasospasm, abnormal nailfold capillaroscopy, elevated antinuclear antibody titre, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, livedo reticularis, thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis, axillary lymphadenopathy, fibromyalgia and breast carcinoma. " 11/01/1988 - "We believe that this patient's condition represents an unusual connective tissue disease syndrome consisting of abortion, livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, circulating "anticoagulant," negative or slightly positive antinuclear antibodies, and false positive results on nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis. "
4.	Methimazole (Thiamazole)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "After methimazole-induced remission, livedo reticularis completely disappeared and the levels of aCL antibodies decreased to within the low range of normal. " 06/01/1997 - "She developed cryopathy (livedo reticularis, Raynaud's phenomenon and acral ulcer) and polyarthralgia during methimazole therapy, and we detected cryofibrinogen in her plasma. "
5.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Livedo reticularis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: prolonged remission induced by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation relapse after 10 years and restoration of hemoglobin levels by rituximab." 07/01/2023 - "It was found that the best diagnostic value for the diagnosis of retinal angiopathy is the constellation of ↑ LDL + ↑ IA + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA; capillaritis - ↑ β-globulins + ↑ IA + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ antiphospholipid antibodies Ig M + ↑ anti-Sm + ↓ C4; Raynaud's syndrome - a separate marker ↓ C3; livedo reticularis - ↑ ESR + ↑ small CIC + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ anti-Sm; atherosclerosis - ↓ hemoglobin + ↑ LDL + ↑ ANA + ↓ C4; mitral valve insufficiency - ↑ ESR + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA + ↑ antiphospholipid antibodies Ig M; mitral valve stenosis - ↑ ESR+↑ LDL + ↑ small CK + ↑ ANA; pericardial effusion - erythropenia + ↑ C-RP + ↑ lupus anticoagulant; pulmonary hypertension - hypercholesterolemia + ↑ LDL + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA; myocarditis - an individual marker ↓ C4; endocarditis - ↑ ESR + ↑ total fibrinogen + ↑ γ-globulins + hypercholesterolemia + ↑ anti-Sm; symptomatic arterial hypertension - ↑ LDL + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA + ↑ anti-SSA (Ro); vein thrombosis - erythropenia + ↓ hemoglobin + ↑ LDL + ↑ ANA. "
6.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 01/01/2009 - "One month later, after induction therapy, fever, livedo reticularis and peripheral mononeuropathy developed with hypocomplementemia and the patient was treated successfully with glucocorticoid pulse therapy." 12/15/2022 - "We report a case of ANCA-positive EGPA presenting with palpable purpura, livedo reticularis, and pemphigoid-like lesions that was successfully treated with glucocorticoid therapy and rituximab. "
7.	AnticoagulantsIBA 04/01/2011 - "Although antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy is often required when treating a patient with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or Sneddon's syndrome, the attendant livedo racemosa typically remains unchanged or progresses despite this treatment." 11/01/1988 - "We believe that this patient's condition represents an unusual connective tissue disease syndrome consisting of abortion, livedo reticularis, thrombocytopenia, circulating "anticoagulant," negative or slightly positive antinuclear antibodies, and false positive results on nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis. "
8.	Rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "Livedo reticularis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: prolonged remission induced by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation relapse after 10 years and restoration of hemoglobin levels by rituximab." 12/15/2022 - "We report a case of ANCA-positive EGPA presenting with palpable purpura, livedo reticularis, and pemphigoid-like lesions that was successfully treated with glucocorticoid therapy and rituximab. "
9.	oxidized low density lipoproteinIBA 03/01/2003 - "After low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A), the skin lesions, including livedo reticularis and pain from the acrocyanotic toes, dramatically improved, with partial recovery of renal function. " 07/01/2023 - "It was found that the best diagnostic value for the diagnosis of retinal angiopathy is the constellation of ↑ LDL + ↑ IA + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA; capillaritis - ↑ β-globulins + ↑ IA + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ antiphospholipid antibodies Ig M + ↑ anti-Sm + ↓ C4; Raynaud's syndrome - a separate marker ↓ C3; livedo reticularis - ↑ ESR + ↑ small CIC + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ anti-Sm; atherosclerosis - ↓ hemoglobin + ↑ LDL + ↑ ANA + ↓ C4; mitral valve insufficiency - ↑ ESR + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA + ↑ antiphospholipid antibodies Ig M; mitral valve stenosis - ↑ ESR+↑ LDL + ↑ small CK + ↑ ANA; pericardial effusion - erythropenia + ↑ C-RP + ↑ lupus anticoagulant; pulmonary hypertension - hypercholesterolemia + ↑ LDL + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA; myocarditis - an individual marker ↓ C4; endocarditis - ↑ ESR + ↑ total fibrinogen + ↑ γ-globulins + hypercholesterolemia + ↑ anti-Sm; symptomatic arterial hypertension - ↑ LDL + ↑ anti-ds DNA + ↑ ANA + ↑ anti-SSA (Ro); vein thrombosis - erythropenia + ↓ hemoglobin + ↑ LDL + ↑ ANA. "
10.	LDL Lipoproteins (beta Lipoproteins)IBA 03/01/2003 - "After low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A), the skin lesions, including livedo reticularis and pain from the acrocyanotic toes, dramatically improved, with partial recovery of renal function. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 04/01/2011 - "No evidence-based medicine exists to guide therapy for this disorder, but most patients with primary and secondary livedo reticularis are asymptomatic and do not require treatment. " 03/01/2009 - "[Antiplatelet therapy and isolated extensive livedo racemosa]." 04/22/1982 - "Questions concerning the nosological position, pathogenesis and therapy of livedo racemosa generalisata are discussed." 01/01/1956 - "Livedo reticularis with summer ulcerations; report of case treated with long-term anticoagulation therapy." 09/24/2019 - "Four months after beginning the therapy with STS, a complete healing of the ulcer on the right leg and the disappearance of the livedo reticularis on the left leg was noted. "
2.	Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation) 01/01/2012 - "It is described and discussed a case of livedo reticularis associated with AIHA treated with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) that went into full remission for 10 years. " 01/01/2012 - "Livedo reticularis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia: prolonged remission induced by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation relapse after 10 years and restoration of hemoglobin levels by rituximab."
3.	Liver Transplantation 01/01/1999 - "Over the course of 6 weeks after liver transplantation, her livedo reticularis resolved, the ischemic ulcers markedly improved, she was weaned off all pain medications, and her erythropoietin-resistant anemia resolved. "
4.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy) 01/01/2009 - "One month later, after induction therapy, fever, livedo reticularis and peripheral mononeuropathy developed with hypocomplementemia and the patient was treated successfully with glucocorticoid pulse therapy."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2007 - "From the time relationship and clinical manifestations of neuropathy and livedo reticularis, the first episode of hearing loss was more likely to be related to vasculitis itself, while the third episode may well have been associated with the development of lung cancer given the dramatic improvement in the clinical condition following treatment of the tumor by excision and cancer chemotherapy. "