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Granzymes (Granzyme)

A family of serine endopeptidases found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of LEUKOCYTES such as CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS. When secreted into the intercellular space granzymes act to eliminate transformed and virus-infected host cells.

Also Known As:

Granzyme; Granzyme A; Granzyme B; Cytotoxic Serine Protease B; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated 1 Protein; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Proteinase 1; Fragmentin 2; Granzyme C; Granzyme K; Granzyme M; Granzyme-3; Granzyme-Like Protein III; Hanukah Factor; NK-Tryptase-2; Natural Killer Cell Granule Tryptase-2; Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated 1 Protein; Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Proteinase 1; Granzyme 3; Granzyme Like Protein III; NK Tryptase 2; Natural Killer Cell Granule Tryptase 2

Networked: 1122 relevant articles (23 outcomes, 78 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Granville, David J: 15 articles (02/2015 - 05/2003)
2.	Simon, Markus M: 13 articles (03/2015 - 07/2002)
3.	Smyth, Mark J: 12 articles (01/2015 - 05/2003)
4.	Trapani, Joseph A: 11 articles (06/2015 - 03/2002)
5.	Hodge, Sandra: 11 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)
6.	Reynolds, Paul N: 11 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)
7.	Froelich, Christopher J: 10 articles (03/2015 - 10/2002)
8.	Bovenschen, Niels: 10 articles (01/2015 - 06/2008)
9.	Hodge, Greg: 10 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)
10.	Holmes, Mark: 10 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 02/01/2010 - "In addition, the T cells upregulate granzyme B expression and are highly effective in lysing autologous tumor targets. " 01/01/2005 - "However, MC had a significantly greater percentage of CD3, CD8, TIA-1, and granzyme B lymphocytes infiltrating the stroma of the tumor. " 11/01/1999 - "The number of tumor infiltrating granzyme B+ cells was significantly greater in TMC and AMC, as compared with the PDC subgroup (82.1+/-64.9, 33.9+/-19.7, and 3.1+/-5.1, respectively). " 01/01/2006 - "The results suggested that, in addition to histological features and routine immunophenotyping, granzyme B expression should be a more reliable marker in correct diagnosis of N-NK/T-L, and genetic analysis of c-kit mutation should be helpful in the diagnosis of this tumor." 05/14/2004 - "These results demonstrate that the chimeric immunoGrB molecule, which is capable of antibody-directed targeting and granzyme B-mediated killing, has therapeutic potential against HER2 tumors, especially in cases in which caspase-dependent apoptosis is inhibited."
2.	Infection 11/01/2007 - "These results indicate that the regulated expression of SPI-6 in hepatocytes during viral infection or following noninfectious causes of liver injury protects hepatocytes against excessively vigorous granzyme B-dependent killing but may also delay immune clearance of virally infected hepatocytes." 06/01/2008 - "Therefore, the current study was aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of host cytotoxic responses to MDV infection by investigating the expression of genes in the cell lysis pathway involving granzyme A. " 11/01/1998 - "Elevated granzyme B levels in virus-stimulated PBMC in combination with lower respiratory tract or systemic symptoms in study subjects was a significant predictor of culture-confirmed influenza virus infection compared to those from whom influenza virus could not be identified. " 08/01/2015 - "Granzyme A as a potential biomarker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease." 06/01/2015 - "IRF3 deficiency impacts granzyme B expression and maintenance of memory T cell function in response to viral infection."
3.	Human Influenza (Influenza) 04/21/2009 - "This study compared serum antibody titers and granzyme B (GrzB) levels in virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells following influenza vaccination. " 01/01/2015 - "Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Influenza Using Ex Vivo Stimulation and Assays of Cytokine and Granzyme B Responses." 12/15/2013 - "Granzyme B (GrzB), quantified in fresh cell lysates, has been suggested to be a marker of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and a predictor of influenza illness among vaccinated older individuals. " 12/15/2013 - "Granzyme B ELISPOT assay to measure influenza-specific cellular immunity." 06/01/2009 - "We further observed that granzyme B expression in influenza-specific CD8 T cells paralleled levels in the total CD8 T cell population, suggestive of Ag-nonspecific bystander activation. "
4.	Graft vs Host Disease (Graft-Versus-Host Disease) 04/01/1997 - "A mutation introduced into the granzyme B locus leads to a severe defect in the ability of cytotoxic lymphocytes to induce apoptosis in susceptible target cells, and reduces the severity of class I-dependent acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). " 11/01/2015 - "Granzyme B (GzmB) has previously been shown to be critical for CD8(+) T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) but dispensable for GVHD mediated by CD4(+) T cells. " 11/01/2015 - "Granzyme B-Mediated Activation-Induced Death of CD4+ T Cells Inhibits Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease." 01/01/2015 - "Granzyme A Is Required for Regulatory T-Cell Mediated Prevention of Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease." 12/01/2012 - "Furthermore, an unrelated donor with the granzyme B +55 variant genotype (AA) was an independent risk factor for development of grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (P=0.024, RR=1.811). "
5.	Ectromelia (Phocomelia) 06/11/1996 - "Using mice deficient for granzyme A, we show here that granzyme A plays a crucial role in recovery from the natural mouse pathogen, ectromelia, by mechanisms other than cytolytic activity." 01/01/2001 - "Recent studies have demonstrated that granzymes A and B make an important contribution to the clearance of the orthopoxvirus ectromelia, and in graft versus host disease. " 06/11/1996 - "Granzyme A is critical for recovery of mice from infection with the natural cytopathic viral pathogen, ectromelia." 01/01/2009 - "Here we analysed the physiological relevance of those pro-apoptotic pathways in ectromelia infection, by incubating ectromelia-immune ex vivo Tc cells from granzyme A deficient (GzmB(+) Tc cells) or granzyme A and granzyme B deficient (GzmAxB(-/-) Tc cell) mice with ectromelia-infected target cells. " 11/23/1999 - "In this paper, we show that mice lacking both granzyme A (gzmA) and granzyme B (gzmB), which are, beside perforin, key constituents of cytolytic vesicles, are as incapable as are perforin-deficient mice of controlling primary infections by the natural mouse pathogen ectromelia, a poxvirus. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Perforin
2.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)
3.	Granzymes (Granzyme)
4.	Interferons
5.	Antigens
6.	Serine Proteases (Serine Protease)
7.	Tryptases (Tryptase)
8.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
9.	Cisplatin (Platino)
10.	Egtazic Acid (EGTA)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft)
4.	Immunotherapy
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)