Referred Pain

A type of pain that is perceived in an area away from the site where the pain arises, such as facial pain caused by lesion of the VAGUS NERVE, or throat problem generating referred pain in the ear.

Also Known As:

Networked: 237 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 34 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Hyperalgesia
3.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
4.	Cystitis
5.	Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Experts

1.	Arendt-Nielsen, Lars: 17 articles (01/2018 - 04/2000)
2.	Graven-Nielsen, Thomas: 6 articles (11/2020 - 04/2000)
3.	Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr: 5 articles (02/2015 - 03/2004)
4.	Arendt-Nielsen, L: 5 articles (01/2005 - 01/2000)
5.	Zhu, Bing: 4 articles (01/2020 - 10/2002)
6.	Ge, Hong-You: 4 articles (06/2012 - 01/2005)
7.	Cui, Xiang: 3 articles (01/2020 - 05/2018)
8.	Fu, Yong: 3 articles (01/2020 - 05/2018)
9.	Henderson, Luke A: 3 articles (11/2012 - 08/2009)
10.	Macefield, Vaughan G: 3 articles (11/2012 - 08/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Referred Pain:

1.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 08/01/2011 - "Secondary outcomes were painful positions, use of analgesic drugs, and referred pain. " 05/01/1993 - "The referred pain disappeared by rendering the region where referred pain was felt analgesic with additional PCC. " 02/01/2000 - "The number of studies that have investigated the direct analgesic effect of a spinal manipulation on spinal or referred pain is small, making knowledge of this crucial aspect of manipulation sparse. " 02/01/2008 - "One patient referred important pain 24 hours and one patient referred pain in the puncture zone that improved with common analgesic until it disappeared in three months. " 01/01/2016 - "The results of this study showed a decrease in the number of referred pain episodes including a decrease in pain in the temporal region bilaterally, a reduction of analgesic drugs intake as well as a decrease in reported values of VAS and VNRS after injections (p = 0,000). "
2.	Acetazolamide (Diamox)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2022 - "To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative acetazolamide (ACTZ) administration with laparoscopy for reducing postoperative referred pain. " 01/01/2023 - "Prior studies have demonstrated that preoperative acetazolamide decreased postoperative referred pain in the postsurgical period for laparoscopic procedures. " 10/01/2003 - "Initial referred pain scores were lower after acetazolamide (1.00 +/- 1.98; n = 18) than after placebo (3.40 +/- 3.48; n = 20; P = 0.014), and 78% of patients in the acetazolamide group had no referred pain; however, only 45% patients in the placebo group had no referred pain. " 01/01/2023 - "The proposed mechanism is acetazolamide mediated inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, thereby preventing formation of carbonic acid and subsequent peritoneal acidosis with referred pain. "
3.	Mesna (Coenzyme M)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2007 - "TMC asymmetry 1) was generated in strict relation with cystitis, and was absent in disease-free and mesna-treated animals, 2) was restricted to the anterior portion of the paraventricular pars anterior and reuniens nuclei subregion, i.e., the rostralmost part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, the only thalamic area associated with viscero-vagal and somatic inputs, via the nucleus of the solitary tract, and via the medial contingent of the spinothalamic tract, respectively, and 3) originated from somatic tissues, i.e., the abdominal wall where bladder inflammation generates secondary somatic hyperesthesia leading to referred pain in humans. "
4.	Calcitonin Gene-Related PeptideIBA 08/01/2021 - "Other studies reported that the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. " 01/01/2018 - "The present study investigated in a rat model of hypertension whether the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. "
5.	Substance PIBA 08/01/2021 - "Other studies reported that the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. " 01/01/2018 - "The present study investigated in a rat model of hypertension whether the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. "
6.	NeuropeptidesIBA 08/01/2021 - "Other studies reported that the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. " 01/01/2018 - "The present study investigated in a rat model of hypertension whether the high conductance at acupoints is a result of the release of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during neurogenic inflammation in the referred pain area. "
7.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)IBA 04/01/2000 - "The present study showed that mechanisms involved in referred pain, temporal summation, muscular hyperalgesia, and muscle pain at rest were attenuated by the NMDA-antagonist in FMS patients. " 09/01/2006 - "These results suggest that there is a convergence of inputs from SSS and TP afferents on C1 neurons; it is possible that both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors located on C1 neurons may be targets for the treatment of the trigeminal referred pain associated with migraine." 03/01/2001 - "Mechanisms involved in referred pain, temporal summation, muscle hyperalgesia, and muscle pain at rest were attenuated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, ketamine, in FM patients. " 04/01/2010 - "Results indicate 17beta-estradiol may activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase cascade, which subsequently phosphorylates the NR2B subunit, via spinal estrogen receptors ERalpha/ERbeta, to facilitate NMDA-dependent cross-organ sensitization, which is presumed to underlie pelvic viscero-visceral referred pain."
8.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "We did not observe a difference neither in bladder contraction features of double knock-out animals nor in cyclophosphamide-induced referred pain behavior. " 09/01/2003 - "Characterization of cyclophosphamide cystitis, a model of visceral and referred pain, in the mouse: species and strain differences." 01/01/2011 - "Recent studies suggest that janus-activated kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways contribute to increased voiding frequency and referred pain of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis in rats. "
9.	Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)IBA 12/01/2018 - "Effects of nerve growth factor experimentally-induced craniofacial muscle sensitization on referred pain frequency and number of headache days: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study." 12/01/2018 - "Furthermore, referred pain and headache frequency do not seem to be related to nerve growth factor sensitization in this model. " 09/01/1999 - "These findings increase our knowledge of the nature of visceral and referred pain and further implicate NGF in the hyperalgesic response to inflammation of the urinary bladder." 12/01/2018 - "b) Both referred pain frequency and number of headache days were not increased following nerve-growth-factor injections. "
10.	OzoneIBA 07/01/2020 - "One hundred and sixty-eight subjects affected by cervicobrachial pain, referred to Ozone Therapy Unit at San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital in Rome (Italy), were enrolled in the study. " 12/29/2022 - "We enrolled 540 subjects affected by cervicobrachial pain referred to the Ozone Therapy Ambulatory at the Mater Domini Hospital of Catanzaro (Italy) and to the Center of Pain in Taurianova (Reggio Calabria, Italy). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/19/2007 - "A diagnosis of myofascial referred pain was made and a protocol of manual trigger point therapy and functional postural rehabilitative exercises improved the condition. " 09/01/1995 - "To determine the cause of symptoms and efficacy of transcatheter therapy in a series of patients with dialysis grafts and hand pain referred for arteriography. " 06/01/2007 - "A positive response to therapy directed at the musculoskeletal source supports - but does not prove - a diagnosis of musculoskeletal referred pain." 04/01/1987 - "Distinguishing radicular from referred pain, recognition of coexisting lesions, and correlation of diagnostic imaging with the overall clinical presentation facilities formulation of a rational plan of therapy. " 01/01/2015 - "The problem with referred pain is the misdiagnosis and unnecessary therapy directed to the pain location instead of its origin. "
2.	Injections 01/01/2019 - "Thirty-eight injections did not provoke referred pain symptoms and were excluded from further analysis. " 05/01/2016 - "Suprathreshold pressure stimulations and saline injections into the infraspinatus muscle caused referred pain to the frontal aspect of the shoulder/arm in all subjects. " 08/01/2010 - "Here we show that weekly injections of hypertonic saline into the tibialis anterior cause decreases in local but increases in referred pain, suggesting central changes in processing noxious inputs." 02/01/2009 - "Furthermore, the MTrPs with referred pain after painful injections were found to show higher VAS(peak) and larger VAS(auc) than those without referred pain (both, P<0.001). " 01/01/2006 - "Hypoalgesia in the referred pain areas after bilateral injections of hypertonic saline into the trapezius muscles of men and women: a potential experimental model of gender-specific differences."
3.	Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique) 11/01/2022 - "This case report describes the successful physical therapy management of a 40-year-old female who presented with left ear pain referred from the temporomandibular joint. " 12/01/2016 - "A cohort of patients with CSCP have referred pain from myofascial abnormalities of the pelvic floor and therefore require treatment modalities that specifically address the pelvic floor such as pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT). " 04/01/2010 - "We performed a literature search through the database "Pubmed" using the terms "Trigger points", "myofascial pain", "referred pain", "infiltrations" and "physical therapy", to which we add the term "pelvic floor". " 11/01/2018 - "Pelvic floor myofascial pain in the absence of local or referred pain has also been observed in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, and we have found that many patients report an improvement in these symptoms after receiving myofascial-targeted pelvic floor physical therapy. " 07/01/2003 - "An open-label interventional prospective trial was conducted in 77 patients diagnosed of refractory MPS (defined as the presence of muscle spasm with pain on mobilization or stretching, plus the existence of trigger points with associated referred pain), resistant to both conservative management and to physical therapy. "
4.	Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) 11/01/2021 - "Active LLLT was more effective in reducing pain palpation (p = .001) and referred pain (p = .04) in the region of the TMJs. " 07/01/2020 - "The laser photobiomodulation protocol used in this study was not effective in preventing radiochemotherapy-induced OM, salivary hypofunction, and referred pain in patients with head and neck cancer. " 07/01/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the effect of laser photobiomodulation in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM), salivary hypofunction and referred pain in patients with head and neck cancer. "
5.	Nerve Block (Nerve Blocks) 03/01/1999 - "Nerve blocks were applied on the lower limb between the local and the referred pain area for 60 min. Three different studies were performed: (1) no nerve block (2) compression block, and (3) compression block combined with intravenous regional anaesthesia. " 03/01/1999 - "In the combined nerve block experiment, a significant reduction of referred pain intensity (38.5%) was seen after 20 min and until the release of the tourniquet. " 01/01/2021 - "We divided patients, scheduled by a neurologist to receive a greater occipital nerve-block to reduce their migraine symptoms, into three groups: Patients with no pain response to manual palpation of the neck, patients with local pain, and those with referred pain to the head. " 03/01/1999 - "The referred pain intensity was assessed every 5 min. To monitor the blockade of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres, touch, pinprick, position sense and heat and heat-pain detection thresholds were assessed on the dorsal side of the foot every 5 min. A significant reduction in referred pain intensity (40.5%) compared with the control experiment was found after 40 min with the compression ischemia nerve block until release of the tourniquet. "