Chromogranin A

A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1643 relevant articles (26 outcomes, 142 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Corti, Angelo: 20 articles (05/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Mahata, Sushil K: 20 articles (01/2015 - 01/2004)
3.	Stridsberg, Mats: 19 articles (08/2013 - 01/2003)
4.	O'Connor, Daniel T: 17 articles (01/2015 - 10/2002)
5.	Chen, Herbert: 14 articles (04/2011 - 08/2003)
6.	Kunnimalaiyaan, Muthusamy: 14 articles (04/2011 - 08/2003)
7.	Kidd, Mark: 13 articles (02/2016 - 02/2006)
8.	Sciarra, Alessandro: 12 articles (04/2011 - 05/2003)
9.	Modlin, Irvin M: 11 articles (02/2016 - 02/2006)
10.	Colombo, Barbara: 10 articles (01/2015 - 02/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2009 - "A marked decrease in tumor volume and in chromogranin A serum levels was obtained. " 03/01/2000 - "The biochemical diagnosis is today significantly improved by the introduction of chromogranin A as a general tumor marker, which is also useful in histopathology. " 08/01/2013 - "Improved diagnostic accuracy for neuroendocrine neoplasms using two chromogranin A assays: the importance of protein matrix effects." 01/01/2013 - "The correlation between plasma Chromogranin A concentrations and changes in tumor size evaluated by computed tomography (CT) - as a gold standard - was evaluated. " 06/01/2012 - "Improved diagnostic accuracy for neuroendocrine neoplasms using two chromogranin A assays."
2.	Carcinoid Tumor (Carcinoid) 07/01/1997 - "In this study the only independent predictors of bad prognosis in midgut, carcinoid patients were advanced age, which however is inherently related to overall survival, and plasma chromogranin A > 5000 micrograms/l. " 11/01/1993 - "In the present study, we have shown that fragments of chromogranin A are excreted into the urine in some patients with carcinoid tumours. " 09/01/2012 - "A 66-year-old woman was diagnosed with hepatic metastasized carcinoid tumor of the ileocecal junction resulting in elevated plasma chromogranin A levels and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels. " 01/01/2012 - "Histological examination showed a carcinoid tumor with cytoplasmic staining with chromogranin-A. " 01/01/2009 - "Elevated plasma chromogranin A is the first indication of recurrence in radically operated midgut carcinoid tumors."
3.	Neuroendocrine Tumors (Neuroendocrine Tumor) 02/01/2011 - "To investigate the value of plasma chromogranin A (CgA) in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of plasma CgA in different gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs). " 01/01/2007 - "Our previous study demonstrated that Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels play a role in IGF-1-induced secretion of chromogranin A in human neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cell line BON [Mergler et al.: Neuroendocrinology 2006;82:87-102]. " 07/01/2005 - "Comparison between two methods in the determination of circulating chromogranin A in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): results of a prospective multicenter observational study." 01/01/2001 - "Since the development of the first immunoassay for circulating chromogranin A in 1984, a lot of studies have evaluated its clinical impact in neuroendocrine tumors. " 02/01/2016 - "The review summarizes the utility and limitations of chromogranin A (CgA) as a circulating biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). "
4.	Adenocarcinoma 06/29/1998 - "This may be due to an improved endoscopic technique and the use of specific immunostains, such as chromogranin A, which in our case was essential in avoiding the diagnostic pitfall of an adenocarcinoma. " 01/01/2010 - "Incidence of high chromogranin A serum levels in patients with non metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma." 01/01/2010 - "Thirteen human gastric adenocarcinomas of the diffuse type were examined for neuroendocrine differentiation by chromogranin A (CgA) labeling at both the light and electron microscopic level. " 01/01/2009 - "Distribution of high chromogranin A serum levels in patients with nonmetastatic and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma." 02/01/2007 - "He underwent transrectal and transurethral biopsy of the prostate, which revealed adenocarcinoma positive for CEA and chromogranin A. "
5.	Diarrhea 10/01/2013 - "Chromogranin-A staining reveals enteric anendocrinosis in unexplained congenital diarrhea." 10/01/2013 - "Upon lobectomy and tumor resection, the chromogranin A levels normalized and the diarrhea resolved completely. " 06/01/1999 - "We report the case of a 63-yr-old man who had severe secretory diarrhea associated with colonic adenocarcinoma, with a prominent signet ring cell component and numerous endocrine cells as demonstrated by positive chromogranin-A staining. " 12/01/2014 - "Chromogranin A levels decreased from 460 to 132 ng/mL. The patient reported complete resolution of abdominal pain within 2 weeks, but only mild improvement in flushing and diarrhea. " 01/01/2012 - "There were 52 NET patients in group 1 and 109 patients in group 2. The incidence of small intestinal NET was 0.3/100.000/year in period 1 and 0.7/100.000/year in period 2. There was no difference in median chromogranin A levels (8709 versus 2381 pmol/L, P = 0.107), presence of liver metastases (56% versus 44%), clinical symptoms (flushing/diarrhea), or Ki67 index (2% versus 2%), between the two time periods. "

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Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Prostatectomy (Retropubic Prostatectomy)
3.	Biological Therapy
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Immunotherapy