Apolipoprotein E2

One of three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E2 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at one residue 158 where arginine is replaced by cysteine (R158--C). In contrast to Apo E3, Apo E2 displays extremely low binding affinity for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) which mediate the internalization and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in liver cells. ApoE2 allelic homozygosity is associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

Also Known As:

Networked: 347 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 36 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Staels, Bart: 5 articles (12/2013 - 04/2006)
2.	Weisgraber, Karl H: 5 articles (01/2011 - 08/2005)
3.	Havekes, Louis M: 5 articles (05/2009 - 02/2002)
4.	van Dijk, Ko Willems: 5 articles (05/2009 - 02/2003)
5.	Raber, Jacob: 4 articles (09/2015 - 06/2002)
6.	Bu, Guojun: 4 articles (01/2015 - 01/2014)
7.	Matsunaga, Akira: 4 articles (01/2014 - 11/2006)
8.	Maeda, Nobuyo: 4 articles (06/2008 - 01/2006)
9.	Kypreos, Kyriakos E: 4 articles (05/2008 - 02/2003)
10.	Nicoll, J A: 4 articles (07/2001 - 01/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperlipoproteinemias 04/26/1996 - "Incomplete dominance of type III hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with the rare apolipoprotein E2 (Arg136-->Ser) variant in multigenerational pedigree studies." 07/01/2013 - "The lipid profiles showed type III hyperlipoproteinemia and phenotypic/genetic analyses revealed homozygosity of apoE2. " 01/01/2011 - "ApoE2 polymorphism is well known for its relationship to type III hyperlipoproteinemia, and the common apoE2 isoform is encoded by the R158C allele. " 05/01/2010 - "Homozygosis for APOE2 (E2-E2) is related to an increased incidence of type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). " 08/01/2002 - "Apo E2/2 nondiabetic subjects had type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). "
2.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 07/01/1997 - "These binding studies provide one possible explanation for protective effects of both apoE2 and E3 against the development of Alzheimer's disease." 06/04/1994 - "Protection against Alzheimer's disease with apoE epsilon 2." 01/01/2009 - "The objective of this study was to describe a case of Alzheimer's disease in an ApoE epsilon2/epsilon2 homozygote. " 03/03/1995 - "This study provides further evidence that sequence variations in the prion gene can modify disease pathology and the neuroprotection afforded by Apo E2 is not confined to Alzheimer's disease." 11/01/2014 - "The common APOE2 gene variant is neuroprotective against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and reduces risk by nearly 50%. "
3.	Atherosclerosis 10/12/2000 - "To assess whether muscle-based expression of apoE2 could inhibit atherogenesis, long-term follow-up studies were conducted. " 03/01/1999 - "Conversely, expression of apoE2 in NZW rabbits caused increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. " 09/05/1997 - "Therefore, high plasma levels of human apoE2 in transgenic rabbits result in a type III HLP phenotype, in which males have both more severe hyperlipidemia and more extensive atherosclerosis than females." 01/01/2008 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the APOE promoter (-491 A/T, -427 T/C and -219 G/T) and coding region (APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4) polymorphisms in atherosclerosis disease by association and linkage disequilibrium analyses. " 12/01/2006 - "Here, we investigated the effect of bexarotene on atherosclerosis progression in a dyslipidemic murine model, the human apolipoprotein E2 knockin mouse, that develops essentially macrophage-laden lesions. "
4.	Hyperlipidemias (Hyperlipidemia) 05/01/2008 - "Apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2)-associated hyperlipidemia is characterized by a disturbed clearance of apoE2-enriched VLDL remnants. " 02/24/2011 - "60 patients with type III hyperlipidemia and ApoE2/2 genotype were included in the study after informed consent. " 11/01/2008 - "Anticoagulant effect of dietary fish oil in hyperlipidemia: a study of hepatic gene expression in APOE2 knock-in mice." 02/24/2011 - "However only about 10% of subjects with APOE2/2 genotype develop hyperlipidemia and it is therefore assumed that further genetic and environmental factors are necessary for the expression of disease. " 05/01/2009 - "The HTG patients showed similar allele frequencies of the APOA5, APOC3 and LPL polymorphisms, whereas the NDCP showed similar allele frequencies as the normolipidemic APOE2/2. Patients with the APOC3 3238 G>C/APOA5 -1131 T>C polymorphism showed a more severe hyperlipidemia than patients without this polymorphism. "
5.	Dementia (Dementias) 08/01/2007 - "A 92-year-old woman without dementia with the APOE epsilon2/epsilon2 genotype who lived independently without significant cognitive or functional loss and was a participant in The 90+ Study. " 03/03/2009 - "This would predict, even with advanced age, that APOE2 carriers would be less likely to have dementia and less likely to meet pathologic criteria for AD. " 01/22/2002 - "In conclusion, both the APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 and the -219G/T variant were identified as risk factors for dementia but not cardiovascular mortality in old age. " 01/22/2002 - "Association of APOE epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4 and promoter gene variants with dementia but not cardiovascular mortality in old age." 03/28/2000 - "In the elderly the APOE-epsilon2 allele increases the risk of PD and, in particular, the risk of PD with dementia."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Apolipoproteins
2.	Apolipoproteins E (ApoE)
3.	Apolipoprotein E3
4.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)
5.	LDL Receptors (LDL Receptor)
6.	Apolipoprotein E2
7.	Cholesterol
8.	Methionine (L-Methionine)
9.	Choline (Choline Chloride)
10.	Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
2.	Estrogen Replacement Therapy
3.	Sutures (Suture)
4.	Intraperitoneal Injections