Apolipoprotein E4

A major and the second most common isoform of apolipoprotein E. In humans, Apo E4 differs from APOLIPOPROTEIN E3 at only one residue 112 (cysteine is replaced by arginine), and exhibits a lower resistance to denaturation and greater propensity to form folded intermediates. Apo E4 is a risk factor for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

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Networked: 1016 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 114 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Huang, Yadong: 36 articles (10/2014 - 09/2003)
2.	Weisgraber, Karl H: 21 articles (02/2012 - 10/2002)
3.	Michaelson, Daniel M: 17 articles (01/2015 - 02/2003)
4.	Mahley, Robert W: 17 articles (12/2012 - 09/2003)
5.	Sullivan, Patrick M: 15 articles (01/2016 - 06/2002)
6.	Vitek, Michael P: 13 articles (01/2014 - 06/2002)
7.	Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: 11 articles (01/2016 - 03/2009)
8.	Holtzman, David M: 11 articles (09/2015 - 12/2002)
9.	Zannis, Vassilis I: 10 articles (02/2013 - 02/2003)
10.	Laskowitz, Daniel T: 9 articles (06/2015 - 06/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 09/01/2015 - "Neuropsychological Evaluation and Cerebral Blood Flow Effects of Apolipoprotein E4 in Alzheimer's Disease Patients after One Year of Treatment: An Exploratory Study." 08/01/2014 - "Genetic influence of apolipoprotein E4 genotype on hippocampal morphometry: An N = 725 surface-based Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative study." 01/01/2012 - "Apolipoprotein E4 and brain white matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease: tract-based spatial statistics study under 3-Tesla MRI." 06/30/2010 - "This study assessed the effect of multicentre variability of MRI-based hippocampus and amygdala volumetry on the discrimination between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and on the association of morphological changes with ApoE4 genotype and cognition. " 06/01/2009 - "The aims of this study were (1) to determine patterns of hippocampal subfield volume loss due to normal aging and Apo e4 carrier state, (2) to determine subfield specific volume losses due to preclinical (MCI) and clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their modification due to age and Apo e4 carrier state. "
2.	Infection 04/23/2015 - "ApoE4 was not associated with initial infection of HHV-6B in MTLE. " 01/01/2012 - "Apolipoprotein E4 may benefit children during early periods of life when the body is challenged by infection and nutritional decline. " 01/01/2008 - "Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the brain concurrent with ApoE4 carriage exacerbates risk for AD, suggesting that these two factors interact to promote neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in selective brain areas. " 01/01/2010 - "In addition to reviewing available data from human trials, evidence derived from a variety of cell culture and animal models are considered in this review in order to provide mechanistic insights into observed association between apoE4 genotype and viral disease infection and pathology." 04/01/2013 - "Logistic regression analyses revealed no association between APOE4 carrier status and HAND, and there were no interactions between APOE4 carrier status and ethnicity, age, substance use disorders, duration of infection, or nadir CD4. "
3.	Dementia (Dementias) 09/01/2013 - "Posterior cingulate hypometabolism, when combined in a multivariable model with age and gender as well as MMSE score and ApoE4 data, improved the determination of the likelihood of patients with MCI converting to AD dementia compared with clinical variables alone. " 10/01/2015 - "In this study, more than one-third of APOE4 noncarriers with the primary clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia had minimal Aβ plaque accumulation in the cerebral cortex and, thus, may show limited or no benefit from otherwise effective anti-Aβ treatment. " 01/01/2015 - "These findings underlined the importance of the APOE4 allele for designing and interpreting future treatment trials in patients with AD dementia. " 07/01/2010 - "In conclusion, this study shows that (1) nonstroke CVD increases the risk of late-life dementia but that it is only a risk factor for AD in carriers of the ApoE4 allele and (2) the association between CVD and dementia is not explained by genetic or early life environmental factors in common to both disorders." 06/01/2010 - "This study investigated the separate and combined effects of apo E4 and depression on the incidence of dementia in both men and women. "
4.	Atrophy 03/01/2011 - "Moreover, our voxel-based analysis revealed that FHm subjects had significantly greater atrophy in the precuneus and parahippocampus/hippocampus regions compared to FH- and FHp subjects, independent of APOE4 status, gender, and age. " 10/01/2013 - "There are a great number of studies on the effect of APOE4 on brain structures, and they tend to show significant atrophy in APOE4 carriers compared to non-carriers especially in regions susceptible to AD pathology such as the hippocampus. " 03/01/2011 - "The present results and the results of prior studies indicate that the rate of hippocampal and neocortical atrophy is greater in association with APOE4 in nondemented elderly subjects, subjects with MCI, and those with AD." 03/01/2011 - "The involvement of APOE4 in the progression of hippocampal atrophy, neocortical atrophy, or both has potential important implications for diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in patients with AD and should be considered in clinical trials. " 01/01/2016 - "ApoE4 strongly predicted atrophy rates across brain regions most affected by AD, but the remaining 9 of the top 10 AD risk genes offered no added predictive value in this cohort. "
5.	Atherosclerosis 09/01/2005 - "As part of this validation, we undertook a genetic association study to discern the effect of the apoE4 polymorphism on the risk for atherosclerosis. " 06/01/2004 - "The ultimate role of apo E4 gene polymorphism as a risk factor for development and progression of atherosclerosis in RTRs should be sought in further studies." 04/01/2001 - "The impact of apoE4 genotypes on the severity of atherosclerosis has been debated; however, recent studies have identified a correlation between apoE4 genotype and atherosclerosis. " 07/01/2015 - "Cognitive scores and atherosclerosis measures were not impacted by ApoE4 status (p ≥ .455). " 01/01/2015 - "Neuroinflammation, dysregulation of blood-brain barrier transport and clearance, deposition of Aβ in cerebral blood vessels, vascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, and the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 allele have all been identified as playing possible roles in AD pathogenesis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Apolipoproteins
2.	Apolipoprotein E4
3.	Apolipoproteins E (ApoE)
4.	Apolipoprotein E3
5.	Cholesterol
6.	Amyloid (Amyloid Fibrils)
7.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)
8.	Peptides
9.	Carbon Monoxide
10.	Apolipoprotein A-I (Apolipoprotein A1)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Polypharmacy
4.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
5.	Therapeutics