Tendinopathy (Tendonitis)

Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance. Distinguishing tendinosis from tendinitis is clinically difficult and can be made only after histopathological examination.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1294 relevant articles (151 outcomes, 244 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Bursitis (Adhesive Capsulitis)
3.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis)
4.	Shock
5.	Rheumatic Diseases (Rheumatism)

Experts

1.	Alfredson, Håkan: 39 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Maffulli, Nicola: 33 articles (01/2015 - 04/2002)
3.	Forsgren, Sture: 19 articles (11/2015 - 09/2003)
4.	Danielson, Patrik: 18 articles (10/2014 - 10/2006)
5.	Murrell, George A C: 13 articles (01/2015 - 11/2003)
6.	Ohberg, Lars: 13 articles (09/2008 - 06/2002)
7.	Bahr, Roald: 11 articles (09/2012 - 05/2003)
8.	Andersson, Gustav: 10 articles (11/2015 - 05/2007)
9.	Cook, Jill: 10 articles (10/2015 - 05/2009)
10.	Scott, Alexander: 10 articles (03/2014 - 03/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tendinopathy:

1.	Collagenases (Collagenase)FDA Link 08/01/2011 - "In the current study, we propose that autologous tenocytes therapy (ATT) is effective in treating tendon degeneration in a collagenase-induced rabbit Achilles tendinopathy model. " 01/01/2008 - "The data in this study show the efficacy of cBMSC and BMMNC in regenerating tendon tissue after collagenase-induced tendinitis." 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate tendon derived stem cells (TDSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of collagenase induced Achilles tendinopathy in rat. " 06/01/2013 - "Both original animal and human controlled studies, covering any cell type for the treatment of naturally occurring, overuse or collagenase-induced tendinopathy, and with full text available, were included. " 01/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to explore whether intratendinous collagenase injection combined with treadmill running created a pathology in the rat Achilles tendon consistent with human Achilles tendinosis. "
2.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2015 - "We suggest that arthroscopic treatment of calcific tendonitis guarantees good results even when calcium deposits are in atypical locations." 11/01/2014 - "Both treatment modalities for calcific tendinitis improved clinical outcomes and eliminated calcium deposits. " 01/01/2002 - "Some researchers report that ultrasound (u/s) promotes angiogenesis and calcium uptake to fibroblasts, but there are few studies about u/s effects on calcificated tendinitis of the shoulder. " 09/01/2015 - "Migration of calcium deposits into subacromial-subdeltoid bursa and into humeral head as a rare complication of calcifying tendinitis: sonography and imaging." 03/01/2015 - "Ossifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff after arthroscopic excision of calcium deposits: report of two cases and literature review."
3.	polidocanol (Laureth)FDA Link 06/01/2008 - "That is a drawback, since this is the area targeted in promising treatment regimens of chronic painful patellar tendinosis, namely sclerosing Polidocanol injection therapy, and a new surgical method conforming to ultrasound and color Doppler guided arthroscopic shaving, directed at neovessels found in the region. " 03/01/2009 - "Doppler ultrasound-guided polidocanol sclerosant injection treating bilateral quadriceps tendinopathy." 09/01/2008 - "Fifty-two consecutive Achilles tendons (48 patients, mean age 49.6 years) with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy, were randomised to treatment with Polidocanol 5 mg/ml (group A) or 10 mg/ml (group B). " 11/01/2006 - "To investigate sclerosing treatment using polidocanol on a group of elite athletes with patellar tendinopathy. " 11/01/2006 - "Sclerosing the area with vascular ingrowth using polidocanol has shown promising clinical results in patients with Achilles tendinopathy. "
4.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2007 - "Topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment has demonstrated efficacy in treating chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy, and the treatment benefits continue at 3 years. " 06/01/2005 - "Topical glyceryl trinitrate should be included as part of nonsurgical management of chronic tendinopathies." 01/01/2009 - "A third trial (48 participants) tested 5 mg glyceryl trinitrate patches, used daily for three days, compared to corticosteroid injection among participants with 'rotator cuff tendinitis' of less than six-weeks duration. " 01/01/2009 - "One trial (53 participants) compared one quarter of a 5 mg glyceryl trinitrate patch used daily for up to 24 weeks combined with rehabilitation to placebo patches and rehabilitation among participants with 'supraspinatus tendinopathy' for longer than six months. " 01/01/2009 - "One placebo-controlled trial (20 participants) tested 5 mg glyceryl trinitrate patches, used daily for three days, among participants with 'acute supraspinatus tendinitis' of less than seven days duration. "
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 07/01/2013 - "Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff: a randomized controlled trial of ultrasound-guided needling and lavage versus subacromial corticosteroids." 08/01/2012 - "However, she developed chronic calcific Achilles tendinopathy postoperatively, and during the following 2 year period after surgery she received various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and one injection of corticosteroids. " 06/01/2012 - "Peri-tendinous injection of local anaesthetic, both alone and in combination with corticosteroids, is commonly performed in the treatment of tendinopathies. " 02/15/2011 - "Review: Corticosteroids improve short-term outcomes but worsen longer-term outcomes in some types of tendinopathy." 05/01/2009 - "The authors present the case of a 32-year-old female who received intra-articular corticosteroids for de Quervain's tendonitis and developed bilateral hypopigmented patches near the areas of injection. "
6.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "Dextrose prolotherapy may improve on the standard care of painful rotator cuff tendinopathy for certain patients." 01/01/2013 - "High glucose concentration up-regulates the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in tendon cells, which may account for the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic tendinopathy." 04/01/2010 - "Favorable outcomes after sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose for chronic insertional and midportion achilles tendinosis." 10/01/2007 - "Sonographically guided intratendinous injection of hyperosmolar dextrose to treat chronic tendinosis of the Achilles tendon: a pilot study." 01/01/1986 - "Tendinitis and abnormal glucose tolerance."
7.	CollagenIBA 12/01/2012 - "The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment and healing of chronic tendinopathy through stimulation of cell proliferation and total collagen production has been demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies. " 02/01/2012 - "Our study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the use of autologous skin-derived collagen-producing cells in the treatment of refractory Achilles tendinosis. " 06/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between variants within genes encoding components of the collagen fibril and components of cell-signaling pathways within the extracellular matrix, and determine the relative contribution of these variants to Achilles tendinopathy risk in a polygenic model. " 08/01/2010 - "Histopathological studies of the tissue fibrils affected by tendinosis characteristically demonstrate hypercellularity, hypervascularity, lack of inflammatory infiltrates, and disorganization and loosening of collagen fibers. " 08/01/2007 - "These studies have led to the hypothesis that the aetiopathogenic stimulus for the degenerative cascade which precedes the overt pathologic development of tendinopathy is the catabolic response of tendon cells to mechanobiologic under-stimulation as a result of microscopic damage to the collagen fibres of the tendon. "
8.	Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)IBA 03/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NSAIDs on leg stiffness of patients suffering acute unilateral Achilles tendinopathy. " 07/01/1992 - "Selected studies are described to demonstrate those that have or have not provided the basis for a rational decision on the use of NSAIDs in sports medicine and in the treatment of tendinitis. " 04/01/2012 - "In general, however, a reasonable first line of treatment for tendinopathy should include a course of NSAIDs and eccentric exercise-based physical therapy. " 12/01/2009 - "Steroid injections are well tolerated and more effective for tendonitis in the short-term than pooled other treatments, though similar to NSAIDs. " 03/01/2009 - "For rotator cuff tendinosis and partial tears, use NSAIDs and subacromial corticosteroid injections with caution and provide a trial of supervised exercise. "
9.	5-HT3 Serotonin Receptors (5 HT3 Receptor)IBA 07/01/2008 - "5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of tendinopathy." 06/01/2008 - "5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of tendinopathy." 01/01/2004 - "Most recent data also suggest that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are effective for the treatment of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, tendinopathies, periarthropathies, and myofascial pain. " 01/01/2004 - "Local treatment of tendinopathies and myofascial pain syndromes with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron." 06/01/2003 - "Local injection of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron manifests a distinct analgesic effect in various local diseases of the locomotor system such as tendinopathies, peri-arthropathies,myofascial pain syndrome, in trigger points, and in inflammatory joint processes.This"
10.	Sclerosing Solutions (Sclerosing Agents)IBA 09/01/2008 - "Recent studies have revealed structural changes with neovessels in patients with jumper's knee and Achilles tendinopathy, and treatment with sclerosing injections has shown promising clinical results. " 08/01/2015 - "Treatment of patellar tendinopathy/jumper's knee with ultrasound-guided sclerosing injections or ultrasound-guided arthroscopic shaving has shown good clinical short-term results. " 08/01/2015 - "Sclerosing injections and ultrasound-guided arthroscopic shaving for patellar tendinopathy: good clinical results and decreased tendon thickness after surgery-a medium-term follow-up study." 09/01/2008 - "We conclude that sclerosing injections is a promising alternative to surgery in chronic Achilles midportion tendinosis. " 09/01/2008 - "Sclerosing injections in midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a retrospective study of 25 patients."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections 10/01/2010 - "The goals of this study were to review the MRI and sonographic findings in patients diagnosed clinically with high hamstring tendinopathy and to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections in providing symptomatic relief. " 06/01/2014 - "There is strong evidence that PRP injections are not efficacious in the management of chronic lateral elbow tendinopathy." 08/01/2013 - "High volume image guided injections for the management of chronic tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon." 08/01/2010 - "A statistically significant improvement in all scores was observed at the end of the PRP injections in patients with chronic refractory patellar tendinopathy and a further improvement was noted at six months, after physiotherapy was added. " 01/01/2008 - "High volume injections to mechanically disrupt the neovascularisation in patellar tendinopathy are helpful in the management of this condition. "
2.	Tenotomy 09/01/2009 - "Sonographically guided percutaneous tenotomy of tendinosis was effective in improving patient symptoms without complications. " 04/01/2009 - "Surgery (semimembranosus tenotomy and exploration of the sciatic nerve) is an effective treatment for proximal hamstring tendinopathy. " 10/01/2011 - "In this case series, we found US-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy followed by PRP injection to be a safe and effective treatment for chronic, recalcitrant tendinopathy, and this treatment was associated with sonographically apparent improvements in tendon morphology. " 01/01/2011 - "This study evaluates the efficacy of adductor longus tenotomy in athletes with chronic tendinopathy refractory to conservative management. " 08/01/2012 - "Bilateral mini-invasive adductor tenotomy for the management of chronic unilateral adductor longus tendinopathy in athletes."
3.	Debridement 01/01/2005 - "Surgical debridement of the pathologic tendinosis tissue is effective treatment for patients who fail nonsurgical management." 07/01/2009 - "Arthroscopic excision of the distal patellar pole with tendon debridement holds promise for the treatment of refractory patellar tendinitis." 01/01/2015 - "In this study, we examine the effects of an ultrasonic debridement modality in a rabbit tendinopathy model. " 10/01/2009 - "Eight consecutive patients (seven men and one woman, mean age 52 years) diagnosed with chronic painful mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy were included in this study and were treated with endoscopic debridement of the ventral neovascularized area, the peritendineum and the Achilles tendon. " 09/01/2015 - "Although FHL transfer was a safe adjunct to tendon debridement and partial ostectomy for insertional Achilles tendinopathy in older patients with little compromise in function, it may not be necessary for primary cases. "
4.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) 02/01/2010 - "LLLT can potentially be effective in treating tendinopathy when recommended dosages are used. " 01/01/2015 - "After the analysis, we selected three articles that showed that the use of low-level laser therapy, compared to placebo, is effective in treatment of tendinopathy. " 06/01/2015 - "The efficacy of low-level laser therapy for shoulder tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." 01/01/2015 - "Despite the need for more studies about this theme, the low-level laser therapy demonstrates consistent results in the treatment of tendinopathy. " 05/01/2012 - "The clinical effectiveness of adding LLLT to eccentric exercises for the treatment of Achilles' tendinopathy has not been demonstrated using the parameters in this study."
5.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2012 - "A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial study was conducted with the aim of determining the efficacy of adding laser (830 nm) to ultrasound (US) and exercise for the management of shoulder tendonitis. " 01/01/1987 - "What is the efficacy of "soft" and "mid" lasers in therapy of tendinopathies? " 01/01/2015 - "The objective of this study is to collect the most recent studies about the use of laser on the tendinopathy treatment. " 11/07/1994 - "The effects of low level laser treatment in soldiers with achilles tendinitis were studied in a prospective, randomized and double blind trial. " 11/01/1994 - "Thirty five patients, most of them athletes, with chronic Achilles tendinopathy were enrolled in a study of tendon blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry at rest and during physical provocation by passive stretch and contraction of the triceps. "