Warm Ischemia

A tissue or organ remaining at physiological temperature during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply. During ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION it begins when the organ reaches physiological temperature before the completion of SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS and ends with reestablishment of the BLOOD CIRCULATION through the tissue.

Also Known As:

Networked: 879 relevant articles (34 outcomes, 68 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Therapy Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Gill, Inderbir S: 19 articles (02/2013 - 07/2003)
2.	Bando, Toru: 12 articles (05/2015 - 08/2006)
3.	Chen, Fengshi: 12 articles (05/2015 - 08/2006)
4.	Busuttil, Ronald W: 11 articles (01/2015 - 02/2003)
5.	Date, Hiroshi: 10 articles (05/2015 - 04/2004)
6.	Campbell, Steven C: 9 articles (06/2015 - 09/2010)
7.	Kaouk, Jihad H: 9 articles (12/2014 - 07/2003)
8.	Kaouk, Jihad: 9 articles (09/2014 - 02/2006)
9.	Shalhav, Arieh L: 8 articles (01/2010 - 09/2002)
10.	Sakamoto, Jin: 7 articles (05/2015 - 10/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Reperfusion Injury 01/01/2002 - "Postischemic infusion of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM GSH, but not 0.05 mM GSH prevented reperfusion injury after warm ischemia as indicated by a marked reduction of sinusoidal LDH efflux by up to 83 +/- 13% (mean +/- SD; p < 0.05) and a concomitant significant improvement of postischemic bile flow by 58 +/- 27% (p < 0.05). " 09/27/2007 - "Further, after warm ischemia/reperfusion injury, we show that rats expressing cleavage-resistant Bid in the liver display significantly less hepatocyte apoptosis as compared to control rat livers and this results in improved liver function and survival. " 05/27/2005 - "IPC is effective in large animals for protecting the liver against warm ischemia-reperfusion injury but not injury associated with cold ischemia and reperfusion (preservation injury). " 07/01/1997 - "Studies of ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle: efficacy of 21-aminosteroids on microcirculation and muscle contraction after an extended period of warm ischemia." 03/01/2015 - "Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported to improve liver function in the setting of warm ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the effect of IPC on steatotic liver mitochondrial function (MF) with cold ischemia has not been previously evaluated. "
2.	Ischemia 09/01/2015 - "Total operative time was 6.5 hours, with total ischemia time of only 79 minutes (4 minutes warm ischemia, 48 minutes cold ischemia, 27 minutes re-warming time), comparable to the gold standard approach for RATx. " 01/01/2013 - "This study compared the postoperative renal function of partial nephrectomy using an estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for a Japanese population in 3 procedures; open partial nephrectomy in cold ischemia (OPN), laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in warm ischemia (LPN), and microwave coagulation using laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without ischemia (MLPN). " 11/01/2005 - "In the ischemia-reperfusion mode, the experiment consisted of perfusion for 15 min, warm ischemia for 60 min, and reperfusion during 60 min. In the nonischemia mode, perfusion was maintained during the 135-min study period. " 01/01/2005 - "The study is made up of 10 patients with RT from NHBD, with an average timing of warm ischemia of 35 min and average timing of cool ischemia 21 h. " 12/01/1999 - "To study the effect of preservation solutions on recovery of myocardial metabolism and function after warm ischemia, 10 dogs underwent 30 minutes of warm global ischemia under cardiopulmonary bypass. "
3.	Hypothermia 03/01/2005 - "We demonstrated in a clinically relevant model that mild hypothermia significantly reduces hepatic injury in a warm ischemia model in lean and obese rats and significantly improved 24-hour survival in obese rats." 06/01/2015 - "Key words included partial nephrectomy, renal function, warm ischemia, hypothermia, nephron mass, parenchymal volume, surgical approaches to partial nephrectomy, preoperative and intraoperative imaging, enucleation, hemostatic agents and energy based resection. " 09/01/2014 - "Our results suggest that the quantity of parenchyma preserved is the main determinant of the postoperative glomerular filtration rate after partial nephrectomy as long as limited warm ischemia or hypothermia is used. " 08/01/2013 - "Thirty-five patients were managed with hypothermia and 57 with limited warm ischemia. " 05/01/2012 - "Hypothermia or warm ischemia 25 minutes or less was applied in 75% of cases. "
4.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) 10/01/2012 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1h, bilateral, warm ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury as a model of acute kidney injury in the cat. " 06/01/2014 - "Piggyback revealed a shorter warm ischemic time, a reduced blood loss, and a decreased risk of acute kidney failure. " 11/01/2011 - "There does not appear to be a known safe threshold of warm ischemia since each minute sequentially contributes to the risk of developing acute kidney injury and renal function decline. " 04/01/2011 - "They demonstrate the advantageous role of cold ischemia, even in up to 120 min. In contrast, more than 60 min of warm ischemia leads to catastrophic lesions in all the cellular structures, as is reflected by mortality due to acute renal failure." 12/01/2010 - "The benefits of PB+VVB were only found in shortened total surgical time (P=0.0001) and warm ischemic time (P=0.0001), and less incidence of acute renal failure (P=0.001) than RCR+VVB. "
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2013 - "The unclamped hand-assisted approach was utilized for no warm ischemia, minimal blood loss, and enhanced visualization of the tumor bed with improved operative exposure. " 02/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate application of diode laser in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), and to question this technique in terms of ease of tumor excision and reduction of warm ischemia time (WIT). " 05/01/2013 - "This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of robotic LESS PN for tumors >4 cm. Patients with tumors >4 cm had a statistically significant, higher mean nephrometry score, longer warm ischemia time, and longer length of stay, but there was no increased risk of adverse outcomes. " 10/01/2011 - "The results of this study suggest that the loss of kidney function after NSS procedures for renal cortical tumor is the largest in the middle field of tumor endophytic growth where, during the operation the time of warm ischemia is the longest. " 11/01/2015 - "Perioperative outcomes, including operative time, warm ischemia time (WIT), estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital length of stay (LOS), surgical margin status, complications, and reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at discharge and at last follow-up, were compared between those with anterior and posterior masses while controlling for clinical and pathological variables (i.e., age, gender, body mass index, tumor size, tumor laterality, malignancy, hilar location, and R.E.N.A.L. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)
2.	Reactive Oxygen Species (Oxygen Radicals)
3.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)
4.	Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cyclooxygenase-2)
5.	Glutathione (Reduced Glutathione)
6.	Verapamil (Calan)
7.	Potassium
8.	Gabexate (Foy)
9.	Calcium Channels (Calcium Channel)
10.	polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Kidney Transplantation
3.	Liver Transplantation
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)
5.	Nephrectomy