Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.

Also Known As:

Networked: 733 relevant articles (55 outcomes, 188 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Anorexia Nervosa
2.	Binge-Eating Disorder (Binge Eating Disorder)
3.	Eating Disorders (Eating Disorder)
4.	Bulimia (Binge Eating)
5.	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive)

Experts

1.	Monteleone, Palmiero: 21 articles (01/2016 - 11/2002)
2.	Maj, Mario: 18 articles (09/2015 - 11/2002)
3.	Steiger, Howard: 13 articles (10/2014 - 10/2003)
4.	Maj, M: 13 articles (09/2014 - 01/2000)
5.	Monteleone, P: 13 articles (09/2014 - 01/2000)
6.	Kaye, Walter H: 13 articles (08/2014 - 02/2003)
7.	Mitchell, James E: 12 articles (08/2014 - 10/2003)
8.	Bulik, Cynthia M: 11 articles (08/2014 - 09/2002)
9.	Walsh, B Timothy: 11 articles (07/2012 - 04/2002)
10.	Israel, Mimi: 9 articles (10/2014 - 05/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Bulimia Nervosa:

1.	Fluoxetine (Prozac)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2010 - "In bulimia nervosa, both fluoxetine and cognitive behavior therapy have been found to be effective. " 01/01/2002 - "Continued treatment with fluoxetine in patients with bulimia nervosa who responded to acute treatment with fluoxetine improved outcome and decreased the likelihood of relapse." 01/01/1999 - "Fluoxetine 60 mg was effective in treating bulimia nervosa, regardless of the presence or absence of comorbid depression. " 01/01/1993 - "This article reviews present data which suggest that fluoxetine is effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. " 05/01/1995 - "A large collaborative 8-week study has shown fluoxetine to be effective and safe in treating patients with bulimia nervosa. "
2.	Serotonin (5 Hydroxytryptamine)IBA 05/01/2005 - "Findings show brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) activity to be altered in individuals who have had bulimia nervosa (BN), even after substantial remission of symptoms. " 03/01/2000 - "Serotonin function following remission from bulimia nervosa." 04/01/2012 - "Physiological and pharmacological studies indicate that altered brain serotonin (5-HT) activity could contribute to a susceptibility to develop appetitive and behavioral alterations that are characteristic of bulimia nervosa (BN). " 10/15/2003 - "Studies of bulimia nervosa (BN) often report decreased brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) activity. " 10/01/2001 - "Further studies will define the role of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists in the management of bulimia nervosa."
3.	Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA 08/01/2002 - "Review: psychological treatment is as effective as antidepressants for bulimia nervosa, but a combination is best." 05/01/2002 - "Review: psychological treatment is as effective as antidepressants for bulimia nervosa, but a combination is best." 09/01/1994 - "Many studies have found that antidepressants are effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and these drugs represent a mainstay of treatment for these patients. " 08/01/2002 - "Review: antidepressants increase remission and clinical improvement in bulimia nervosa." 05/01/2002 - "Review: antidepressants increase remission and clinical improvement in bulimia nervosa."
4.	topiramate (Topamax)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2003 - "We conducted a 10-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of topiramate in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. " 12/01/2003 - "Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 2: improvement in psychiatric measures." 11/01/2003 - "Treatment of bulimia nervosa with topiramate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, part 1: improvement in binge and purge measures." 12/01/2005 - "Thirty patients with bulimia nervosa were treated with topiramate in a 10-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. " 12/01/2005 - "Topiramate treatment in bulimia nervosa patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial."
5.	Fluvoxamine (Luvox)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1997 - "The efficacy of fluvoxamine in maintaining improvement of general psychopathology (depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxieties, interpersonal trust, and body perception) was tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 72 patients with bulimia nervosa who were being treated successfully with inpatient behavioral psychotherapy. " 02/01/1996 - "In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 72 patients with bulimia nervosa treated successfully with inpatient psychotherapy, the efficacy of fluvoxamine in maintaining improvement was tested. " 04/01/1994 - "Fluvoxamine appears to be a safe and effective treatment for bulimia nervosa." 04/01/1994 - "Open trial of fluvoxamine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa." 08/01/2007 - "Therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma fluvoxamine levels for treating bulimia nervosa."
6.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1990 - "While abnormalities in central norepinephrine regulation may contribute to abnormal eating patterns in bulimia nervosa, alterations in function of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system could contribute to the decreased metabolic rate and increased anxiety responses previously reported in these patients. " 04/16/1996 - "Norepinephrine and its metabolites were studied in various body fluids (plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and healthy young women. " 02/01/2008 - "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. " 01/01/2001 - "Data in the literature suggest that levels of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) are lower in individuals with bulimia nervosa than in healthy controls. " 11/01/2000 - "Seven outpatients with bulimia nervosa according to DSM-IV criteria were treated openly with 8 mg of reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NRI) over a 12-week period. "
7.	FenfluramineIBA 02/01/1985 - "Bulimic symptoms were probably reduced by fenfluramine, which may prove to be a useful treatment for bulimia nervosa." 05/01/1993 - "A placebo-controlled trial of d-fenfluramine (45 mg/day) was conducted in 43 patients with bulimia nervosa. " 05/01/1993 - "A placebo-controlled trial of d-fenfluramine in bulimia nervosa." 01/01/1988 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of d-fenfluramine in bulimia nervosa was undertaken in order to assess its efficacy in controlling bulimic behavior and relieving more general symptoms. " 01/01/1988 - "A controlled trial of d-fenfluramine in bulimia nervosa."
8.	Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)IBA 10/01/2011 - "The administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) can be recommended as a flanking measure in the treatment of bulimia nervosa only. " 08/01/2009 - "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are routinely prescribed as off-label treatments for bulimia nervosa. " 09/01/2004 - "The pharmacological approach to bulimia nervosa is mainly based (BN) on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but many elements suggest the possible involvement of the noradrenergic system in this disorder. " 06/01/1995 - "bulimia nervosa and OCD) which have been found to respond to high-dose, long-term treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors." 02/01/2010 - "As the s genotype is associated with a poorer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors response in major depression, bulimia nervosa and borderline personality disorder, it could represent a common biological background for SSRI response."
9.	Cholecystokinin (Pancreozymin)IBA 09/01/2007 - "Participants with purging disorder demonstrated significantly greater postprandial cholecystokinin release compared with participants with bulimia nervosa (t(76.44) = 2.51; P = .01) and did not differ significantly from controls (t(75.93) = 0.03; P = .98). " 01/01/2012 - "Regulating satiety in bulimia nervosa: the role of cholecystokinin." 10/30/2006 - "In addition, diminished release of cholecystokinin and abnormalities in enteric autonomic function were found in bulimia nervosa patients. " 01/01/1997 - "Compared with control subjects, patients with bulimia nervosa showed a blunting of postprandial cholecystokinin release, particularly with larger meal sizes, as well as delayed gastric emptying. " 01/01/1997 - "Postprandial cholecystokinin release and gastric emptying in patients with bulimia nervosa."
10.	Methylphenidate (Ritalin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2014 - "We identified a case of a 23-year-old woman suffering from severe bulimia nervosa and previously unsuspected ADHD in adulthood; we diagnosed and treated her with extended-release methylphenidate. " 11/01/1989 - "Methylphenidate treatment of bulimia nervosa after surgery." 11/01/1989 - "Methylphenidate (MPT) was prescribed four days after an uncomplicated appendectomy in a 27 year old woman who had suffered from bulimia nervosa (BN) for at least nine years. " 04/01/1997 - "Efficacy of methylphenidate in bulimia nervosa comorbid with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case report." 03/01/1999 - "Methylphenidate treatment for bulimia nervosa associated with a cluster B personality disorder."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/01/2000 - "Although there have been more fruitful investigations on the efficacy of medication in the management of bulimia nervosa, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the optimal management of partial remission during the acute treatment phase and the intensity and duration of pharmacotherapy to achieve optimal prophylaxis. " 07/01/2002 - "A multidimensional meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy for bulimia nervosa: summarizing the range of outcomes in controlled clinical trials." 11/01/1993 - "The following review will examine the methodology and outcome of the pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatment studies of bulimia nervosa. " 11/01/1993 - "A review of the controlled trials of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa." 01/01/1993 - "This study suggests that drug therapy may have a differential effect on the outcome of bulimia nervosa; further study is necessary, however, to ascertain the presence of selection bias."
2.	Enteral Nutrition (Feeding, Tube) 04/01/2014 - "To study the 1-yr follow-up of 118 bulimia nervosa (BN) patients after a 3-month at-home tube feeding (TF) in a prospective study. " 04/01/2014 - "A 3-month at-home tube feeding in 118 bulimia nervosa patients: a one-year prospective survey in adult patients." 10/01/2007 - "Tube feeding was effective in these patients with bulimia nervosa, reducing the number of binge and vomiting episodes and improving nutritional status and mood." 05/01/2011 - "Since the authors showed that tube feeding (TF) reduced such episodes in anorexia nervosa (AN)-hospitalized patients, they carried out a randomized trial on the efficacy of TF plus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) vs CBT alone in AN and bulimia nervosa adult outpatients. "
3.	Imagery (Psychotherapy) (Guided Imagery) 11/01/1998 - "Evidence from this study suggests that guided imagery was an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa, at least in the short-term." 11/01/1998 - "The objective of this study was to test a guided imagery therapy designed to enhance self-comforting in bulimia nervosa. " 11/01/1998 - "A randomized controlled trial of guided imagery in bulimia nervosa." 01/01/1998 - "Guided imagery treatment to promote self-soothing in bulimia nervosa. "
4.	Combined Modality Therapy 04/01/2010 - "Bulimia nervosa symptoms in the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD." 05/01/1988 - "Pharmacologic management in anorexia nervosa and in bulimia nervosa is especially helpful when it is part of a multimodal treatment approach that includes individual, family and behavioral therapy. " 04/01/2010 - "We investigated body image dissatisfaction and bingeing/purging characteristics of bulimia nervosa (BN) in the ongoing prospective follow-up of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). "
5.	Bibliotherapy 02/01/2013 - "Internet-based guided self-help for bulimia nervosa was not superior compared with bibliotherapy, the gold standard of self-help. " 02/01/2013 - "To evaluate in a randomised controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT00461071) the long-term effectiveness of internet-based guided self-help (INT-GSH) compared with conventional guided bibliotherapy (BIB-GSH) in females with bulimia nervosa. "