Mucositis

An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).

Also Known As:

Networked: 4549 relevant articles (458 outcomes, 804 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Head and Neck Neoplasms (Head and Neck Cancer)
4.	Peri-Implantitis
5.	Stomatitis

Experts

1.	Gibson, Rachel J: 42 articles (11/2015 - 07/2002)
2.	Howarth, Gordon S: 41 articles (01/2020 - 05/2003)
3.	Sonis, Stephen T: 39 articles (01/2021 - 01/2002)
4.	Bowen, Joanne M: 35 articles (12/2017 - 09/2005)
5.	Stringer, Andrea M: 30 articles (01/2020 - 01/2007)
6.	Keefe, Dorothy M K: 29 articles (09/2011 - 07/2002)
7.	Epstein, Joel B: 27 articles (03/2022 - 07/2002)
8.	Lalla, Rajesh V: 24 articles (10/2020 - 06/2006)
9.	Logan, Richard M: 23 articles (11/2022 - 01/2007)
10.	Butler, Ross N: 22 articles (12/2019 - 05/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Mucositis:

1.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 02/15/1995 - "A Grade II mucositis, according to the World Health Organization, was found in 25 patients, and the treatment was interrupted for 7-10 days in 5. In this study, despite an improvement in the number of complete responses, the chemotherapeutic regimen with or without 5-FU did not prolong the overall patient survival significantly." 04/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HTOR-091516, employing cellular model, human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis model in rats. " 01/01/2023 - "Hence, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of GDF11 delivered by Lactococcus lactis strains NCDO2118 and MG1363 in a murine model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. " 09/28/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective benefits of ALA on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in Wistar albino rats. " 01/01/2022 - "The present study revealed the protective role of both A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 in the intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU, providing new insights into treatment options."
2.	Amifostine (Ethyol)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2000 - "The most important results in favor of amifostine were the reduction of intensity of cardiac, pulmonary and hepatic toxicity, and a significant reduction of frequency and severity of mucositis (P = 0. " 06/01/2000 - "A significant reduction of pharyngeal, esophageal, and rectal mucositis was noted in the amifostine arm (P <.04). " 01/01/2002 - "The authors have developed a rat RT model to examine the protective effects of amifostine after IV and subcutaneous (SC) administration in a mucositis model. " 03/01/2002 - "Ongoing trials are being conducted to determine the efficacy of amifostine in reducing radiation-induced mucositis and other toxicities. " 08/01/2000 - "Mucositis did not appear to be improved with amifostine when compared with a control group of patients not receiving amifostine. "
3.	ChlorhexidineIBA 05/01/2004 - "According to this sequential analysis, the study could be terminated at the 34th within subject comparison, with a statistically significant reduction in ulcerative lesions (P<0.05) and severity of mucositis (P<0.05) in children on the chlorhexidine protocol. " 10/01/2017 - "This systematic review found that chlorhexidine is not significantly effective in reducing the severity of mucositis (moderate quality of evidence) nor in preventing the incidence of mucositis (low quality of evidence). " 02/01/2013 - "Chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash and chlorhexidine 1% gel were equally useful in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis leading to the reduction in inflammatory parameters. " 09/04/2020 - "The aim of the present RCT was to compare the efficacy of an herbal oral rinse with a 0.12% chlorhexidine-based oral rinse when used as adjuncts to non-surgical MD in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. " 07/03/2023 - "(2) Methods: Articles from 2016 to 2021 included in the PubMed and Scopus databases were analyzed, following the PICOS criteria and the randomized controlled study model that used chlorhexidine in various forms in the treatment of peri-mucositis. "
4.	Glutamine (L-Glutamine)FDA Link 04/01/2015 - "In our group, a statistically significant reduction in the duration of mucositis was observed in patients who received parenteral glutamine. " 10/01/2005 - "Glutamine appears to be safe and beneficial in reducing the severity of mucositis. " 01/01/2021 - "Glutamine supplementation has significantly reduced the risk of grade 2-4 mucositis (RR: 0.76, IC95% [0.63; 0.92], P = 0.006, I2 = 0%; P = 0.792; 4 studies). " 08/01/2016 - "This study highlights that the onset as well as the severity of mucositis in patients receiving glutamine was significantly delayed. " 04/01/2016 - "Many studies have evaluated the use of oral glutamine to prevent mucositis in these settings, but current guidelines make no recommendations with regard to its use. "
5.	Irinotecan (Camptosar)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "We investigated in a rat model whether SBI was effective in alleviating symptoms of irinotecan-induced GI mucositis. " 04/08/2023 - "In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PCB granule (PCBG) on the improvement of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis and the regulation of intestinal microorganisms in mice. " 01/15/2022 - "Thus, the present study aims to elucidate the therapeutic potential of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 51A in a murine model of mucositis induced by irinotecan. " 01/01/2021 - "The data obtained in the present study provides new evidence that irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis highly affects small intestine and colon, further contributing to establish criteria in light of the histopathological changes induced by irinotecan during intestinal mucositis and facilitating inter-study comparisons." 01/01/2021 - "The present study aimed to carry out a complete evaluation of the histopathological changes during irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis, using the protocol most found in the pharmacological reports nowadays to better understand irinotecan toxicity and support future studies on drug discovery. "
6.	CytokinesIBA 07/01/2006 - "Cytokines may be one means of reducing the severity of mucositis. " 05/01/2012 - "The aim of the study was to compare the production of proinflammatory cytokines during the initial phase of mucositis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. " 01/01/2012 - "Clinical evidence from a few experimental and randomized trials have implicated the possible benefit of cytokines in prevention and healing of radiation induced mucositis. " 12/01/2022 - "In patients, increases in cytokine levels, correlated with mucositis severity and potentially the need for PEG tube installation. " 01/01/2022 - "Several pro-inflammatory cytokines play a role in pathogenesis of mucositis. "
7.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "The efficacy of methotrexate is often limited by mucositis and intestinal injury, which are major causes of morbidity in children and adults. " 08/01/2011 - "However, no clear advantage over methotrexate has been reported, other than reduced incidence of mucositis. " 07/01/2008 - "Small intestinal permeability was employed to assess the efficacy of commercially available yoghurts containing probiotics in a rat model of methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis. " 09/01/2019 - "The present study demonstrated the palliative effect of local honey over the mucositis induced by the chemotherapeutic drug (methotrexate)." 09/01/2019 - "The present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of local honey on methotrexate-induced mucositis of the tongue. "
8.	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)IBA 01/01/2005 - "Forty-five percent of the patients randomized to receive GM-CSF had a significant reduction of the mucositis more than one grade compared to 9% of the conventional treated. " 01/01/2005 - "In severe mucositis, GM-CSF is more effective than conventional treatment." 03/01/2006 - "The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) against ulcerative mucositis in hamster buccal pouch. " 01/01/2005 - "This trial examined the efficacy of GM-CSF in reducing mucositis of the oral cavity and/or oropharynx compared with conventional treatment. " 02/01/2000 - "We found no evidence indicating that subcutaneously given GM-CSF reduces the severity of radiation-induced mucositis."
9.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "Compared with concurrent anti-EGFR agents alone, combining concurrent cisplatin and anti-EGFR agents significantly improved the OS (5-year 94.7% versus 84.3%, P=0.012) and PFS (5-year 82.0% versus 71.7%, P=0.039) of NPC patients with more severe hematologic toxicity and mucositis. " 01/01/2018 - "Altered fractionation increases the risk of developing grade 3-4 mucositis compared to conventional RT (OR 3.74 95% 1.64-8.67) INTERPRETATION: CCRT with cisplatin remains the gold standard of treatment. " 12/01/2022 - "The aim of this study is to investigate effects of cisplatin preadministration on oral ulcerative mucositis-induced nociception by using an experimental model of rats. " 11/11/2023 - "BALB/c mice were pre-treated with or without LBS via oral gavage, followed by mucositis induction with cisplatin. " 12/01/2022 - "Following cisplatin preadministration, oral ulcerative mucositis-induced spontaneous nociceptive behavior was not observed in the model. "
10.	MouthwashesIBA 01/01/2003 - "The analysis of the efficacy of the two mouthwashes revealed no significant differences in the time to heal (in days) from the RT-induced mucositis. " 10/01/2010 - "Mechanical treatment in combination with antimicrobial oral mouth rinses may be effective in the treatment of mucositis. " 01/01/2003 - "Patients who developed RT-induced mucositis anytime during their course of RT were randomized to one of the two mouthwashes and followed to the completion of RT and at one month following RT. " 07/01/1996 - "No significant differences existed between the two mouthwashes in regard to incidence, days to onset, and severity of mucositis. " 05/01/1988 - "A variety of mouthwashes are frequently used in the management of irradiation-induced mucositis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 04/01/2009 - "The BIQAC had the most braod-spectrum radical scavenging activity, suggesting that it may be effective against chemotherapy-induced mucositis. " 09/30/2013 - "Chemotherapy-induced mucositis represents a significant burden to quality of life and healthcare costs, and may be improved through enhanced nutritional status. " 10/01/2002 - "Whether such a lozenge would be beneficial in treatment situations where rate of severe mucositis is higher (ie, in patients treated with unconventional fractionation or with concomitant chemotherapy) is unknown." 02/01/1999 - "In the Gln group, a significant reduction in mucositis and ulcerations of the gastric (P < 0.01) and duodenal mucosa (P < 0.05) was documented after the third course of chemotherapy. " 01/01/2016 - "Several studies towards the development of an effective treatment for intestinal mucositis have been reported, since this condition represents a major problem in clinical oncology practice due to cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. "
2.	Therapeutics 01/01/2008 - "The pathobiology of alimentary mucositis is extremely complex, and an increased understanding of mechanisms and pathway interactions is required to rationally design improved therapies. " 06/03/2015 - "The main meta-analyses showed that IDA compared with DNR prolonged overall survival (OS) (12 studies, 5976 patients; HR 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 0.96, P = 0.0008; high quality of evidence) and disease-free survival (DFS) (eight studies, 3070 patients; HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96, P = 0.004; moderate quality of evidence), increased complete remission (CR) rate (18 studies, 6692 patients; RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, P = 0.009; moderate quality of evidence), and reduced relapse rate (four studies, 1091 patients; RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.98, P = 0.02; moderate quality of evidence), although increased the risks of death on induction therapy (14 studies, 6349 patients; RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.36, P = 0.03; moderate quality of evidence) and grade 3/4 mucositis (five studies, 2000 patients; RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.44, P = 0.02; moderate quality of evidence). " 01/01/2022 - "Clinical parameters related to peri-implant mucositis significantly improved in the Study Group, which demonstrated the clinical efficacy of the Bioptron Hyperlight Therapy as an adjunct to standard of care for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. " 01/01/2022 - "Bacillus clausii UBBC07 therapy delayed the onset, decreased the time to remission and displayed strong impact on suppressing the occurrence of high-grade mucositis amongst the test group. " 11/01/2015 - "Despite the significant impact of mucositis, there are currently limited clinically effective pharmacological therapies for the pathology. "
3.	Radiotherapy 10/01/1990 - "The acute complications were analyzed (85/141 grade II-III mucositis which generally came to a complete remission) which occurred during and immediately after radiation treatment. " 01/01/2006 - "A significant reduction of severe mucositis at the end of radiotherapy (14.7 vs 44.8%, p=0.018) and of interruptions (0 vs 17.2%, p=0.017) was observed in group A. " 01/01/2016 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Caphosol in preventing and alleviating mucositis due to radiotherapy in the head and neck region. " 01/01/2023 - "The study adopted a holistic approach that involved the patient in the care process by screening, providing education and counseling about mucositis management and integrating it into daily life by the radiotherapy nurse. " 09/01/2021 - "The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of licorice mucoadhesive film on symptoms of head and neck radiotherapy-induced mucositis. "
4.	Debridement 04/01/2022 - "Artificial biofilm removal in a peri-implant mucositis model: Efficacy of air polishing technology as adjunct to ultrasonic debridement alone and impact of the site and the depth of mucosal tunnel-An in vitro study." 06/01/2018 - "This study explored the effectiveness of aPDT as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (p-iM) in individuals vaping e-cigs. " 06/01/2008 - "A number of studies have documented the successful treatment of peri-implant mucositis combining mechanical debridement and chemical plaque control. " 01/01/2022 - "The purpose of this umbrella review was to gather and summarize the data from published systematic reviews (SRs) that compared non-surgical mechanical debridement (NSMD) with and without the use of adjunctive treatments on the management of peri-implant mucositis (PIM). " 09/01/2020 - "Effectiveness of mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic for treating peri-implant mucositis among prediabetic cigarette-smokers and non-smokers."
5.	Chemoradiotherapy 05/01/2005 - "Mucositis and anaemia were more frequent in the group receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy, but the group receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TPF improved overall survival. " 02/01/2009 - "To evaluate the efficacy of pure natural honey as prophylaxis against radiochemotherapy-induced mucositis, through clinical scoring of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis, and culturing of pathogenic oral and oropharyngeal microbes. " 12/10/2020 - "At 1 mo after terminating chemoradiotherapy (CRT), no differences were observed in the incidence of grade 3-4 mucositis between treatment groups, in the ITT, PP (172 patients), and subgroup (≥75% compliance, n = 112) analyses. " 10/01/2019 - "New suggestion for the use of the same for prevention of mucositis associated with chemoradiotherapy was made. " 09/01/2019 - "Mucositis, especially in the oral cavity, is a common complication of chemoradiotherapy in HNCs patients. "