Protein Kinase C-epsilon

A protein kinase C subtype that was originally characterized as a CALCIUM-independent, serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHORBOL ESTERS and DIACYLGLYCEROLS. It is targeted to specific cellular compartments in response to extracellular signals that activate G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS; and intracellular protein tyrosine kinase.

Also Known As:

Networked: 265 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 23 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Levine, Jon D: 13 articles (03/2014 - 02/2003)
2.	Verma, Ajit K: 8 articles (12/2012 - 06/2003)
3.	Dina, Olayinka A: 6 articles (12/2007 - 08/2003)
4.	Mochly-Rosen, Daria: 6 articles (10/2005 - 05/2002)
5.	Shulman, Gerald I: 5 articles (11/2013 - 07/2004)
6.	Levine, J D: 5 articles (10/2012 - 01/2003)
7.	Zhang, Lubo: 5 articles (02/2012 - 06/2009)
8.	Strasser, Ruth H: 5 articles (11/2007 - 05/2003)
9.	Messing, Robert O: 5 articles (07/2006 - 06/2002)
10.	Xiao, Daliao: 4 articles (02/2012 - 06/2009)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 05/01/1999 - "The in vitro data implicate PKC-epsilon as the specific isoform responsible for PKC-induced MAPK activation and suggest that p44/p42 MAPKs contribute to PKC-epsilon-mediated protection against simulated ischemia. " 01/01/2015 - "Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) via protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ) activation induces neuroprotection against lethal ischemia. " 07/01/2008 - "By contrast, the cardioprotective effects of PKC epsilon activator PT may be mediated by enhancing vascular endothelial NO release before ischemia." 07/01/2008 - "By contrast, only PKC epsilon activator pretreated hearts (5 muM PKC epsilon activator given before ischemia (PT), n = 6), not PKC epsilon activator given during reperfusion (5 microM, n=6) exerted significant cardioprotection (p < 0.01). " 01/01/2005 - "Chemical ischemia resulted in the transient activation of only the isoform PKC-epsilon as detected by translocation employing the subcellular fractionation technique. "
2.	Insulin Resistance 11/05/2013 - "The reversal of liver and muscle insulin resistance was associated with reductions in tissue diacylglycerol content and reductions in protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) and PKCθ activity in liver and muscle, respectively. " 08/03/2007 - "Taken together, these data suggest that knocking down Dgat2 protects against fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance by paradoxically lowering hepatic diacylglycerol content and protein kinase C epsilon activation through decreased SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis and increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation." 08/03/2007 - "Because Dgat catalyzes triglyceride synthesis from diacylglycerol, and because we have hypothesized that diacylglycerol accumulation triggers fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance through protein kinase C epsilon activation, we next sought to understand the paradoxical reduction in diacylglycerol in Dgat2 ASO-treated rats. " 02/01/1997 - "Our results suggest that these specific alterations in PKC epsilon and PKC theta might contribute to the link between increased lipid availability and muscle insulin resistance previously described using high-fat-fed rats." 04/01/2009 - "Protection against diet-induced insulin resistance in Elovl6 (-/-) mice is partially due to restoration of hepatic insulin receptor substrate-2 and suppression of hepatic protein kinase C epsilon, resulting in restoration of Akt phosphorylation. "
3.	Reperfusion Injury 05/01/2009 - "The divergent roles of protein kinase C epsilon and delta in simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury in human myocardium." 06/01/2003 - "We concluded that the difference between IPC and PPC appears to consist in the difference in the timing of PKC-epsilon activation, though both IPC and PPC provide the cardioprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury." 06/01/2001 - "The overall results suggest that AT2-receptor activation and signalling via BK, PKC(epsilon) and cGMP contribute to cardioprotection associated with AT1-receptor blockade during ischaemia-reperfusion injury." 11/01/2003 - "These results suggest that persistent translocation of PKC-epsilon during ischemia plays a major role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats." 01/01/2003 - "Protein kinase C-epsilon is involved in the adenosine-activated signal transduction pathway conferring protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in primary rat neuronal cultures."
4.	Heart Failure 08/01/2006 - "PKC epsilon decreased during transition from POH to heart failure (HF). " 11/01/2005 - "These results reflect the significance of the primary myofilament contractilopathy induced by phosphorylation and imply a role for PKC epsilon-mediated phosphorylation in myofilament physiology and the pathophysiology of decompensated cardiac failure." 11/01/2005 - "Recently, we showed that cardiac overexpression of PKC epsilon initially depresses myofilament activity and then leads to a progression of changes characteristic of human heart failure. " 11/01/2005 - "Protein kinase C epsilon induces systolic cardiac failure marked by exhausted inotropic reserve and intact Frank-Starling mechanism." 12/01/2001 - "Enhanced PKC beta II translocation and PKC beta II-RACK1 interactions in PKC epsilon-induced heart failure: a role for RACK1."
5.	Seizures (Seizure) 01/01/2001 - "The aim of the present study was to determine whether protein kinase C-epsilon null mutant mice display altered seizure severity during alcohol withdrawal. " 01/01/2001 - "These data demonstrate that deletion of protein kinase C-epsilon results in diminished progression of ethanol withdrawal-associated seizure severity, suggesting that selective pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C-epsilon may be useful in the treatment of seizures during alcohol withdrawal. " 01/01/2001 - "However, at 6 and 7h following diet removal, the Handling-Induced Convulsion score was reduced in ethanol-fed protein kinase C-epsilon null mutant mice compared to ethanol-fed wild-type mice. " 01/01/2001 - "During the 7-h period following removal of the diet, both ethanol-fed wild-type and protein kinase C-epsilon null mutant mice displayed an overall increase in Handling-Induced Convulsion score versus control-fed mice. " 10/03/1997 - "These data provide the first evidence for a long-lasting increase of the PKC epsilon in the axons of granule cells caused by kainate-induced seizures and suggest that PKC epsilon may be involved in the functional and/or structural modifications of granule cells that occur after limbic seizures."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Protein Kinase C-epsilon
2.	Protein Kinase C
3.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
4.	Tacrolimus Binding Proteins (FKBP)
5.	NADPH Oxidase (NAD(P)H oxidase)
6.	Isoproterenol (Isoprenaline)
7.	1- (methanesulfonamido- 1- naphthyloxy)- 2- (N- (4- methane sulfonamidophenethyl)-N-acetamido)ethane
8.	tacrolimus binding protein 1B
9.	dofetilide (Tikosyn)
10.	Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intradermal Injections
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)