Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)

Also Known As:

Networked: 2099 relevant articles (62 outcomes, 186 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
3.	Anemia
4.	Infection
5.	Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left)

Experts

1.	Townsend, Raymond R: 14 articles (08/2015 - 04/2011)
2.	CRIC Study Investigators: 13 articles (09/2015 - 10/2011)
3.	Feldman, Harold I: 12 articles (08/2015 - 04/2011)
4.	Wolf, Myles: 11 articles (09/2015 - 04/2011)
5.	Yang, Wei: 11 articles (05/2015 - 10/2011)
6.	He, Jiang: 10 articles (08/2015 - 04/2011)
7.	Go, Alan S: 10 articles (08/2015 - 08/2005)
8.	Satler, Lowell F: 10 articles (08/2014 - 01/2002)
9.	Waksman, Ron: 10 articles (08/2014 - 01/2002)
10.	Pichard, Augusto D: 10 articles (08/2014 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Chronic Renal Insufficiency:

1.	CreatinineIBA 05/01/1987 - "Chronic renal insufficiency, defined as a creatinine clearance of less than 0.8 ml/second/1.73 m2 for more than 12 months, was similar in adults (40 percent) and children (34 percent). " 04/01/2012 - "At multivariate analysis, serum creatinine at presentation (P = 0.0013), chronicity index (P = 0.007), failure of achieving remission (P = 0.000001), and occurrence of nephritic flares (P = 0.00167) were independent predictors of chronic renal insufficiency. " 11/01/2009 - "The disease progressed slowly, over a period of 8 years reaching now chronic renal insufficiency stage 4 with a creatinine clearance of 20 ml/min, in spite of no specific therapy. " 05/01/2015 - "In 22 SLE patients with chronic renal insufficiency (median serum creatinine clearance 52 ml/minute [range 23-58 ml/minute]) who received 400 mg/day HCQ, the median blood HCQ concentration was significantly higher than that in the 509 patients from the PLUS study (1,338 ng/ml [range 504-2,229 ng/ml] versus 917 ng/ml [range 208-3316 ng/ml]) (P < 0.001). " 04/01/2014 - "This study analyzed the impact of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) on early and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS) using serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). "
2.	Furosemide (Lasix)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2008 - "To compare natriuretic, kaliuretic, diuretic and free water clearance efficacy of continuous versus bolus intravenous furosemide administration in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. " 06/01/2008 - "In a prospective randomized cross-over trial, 42 patients of chronic renal insufficiency were randomized to receive the same dose of intravenous furosemide as bolus and continuous infusion. " 08/01/1986 - "Response to furosemide in chronic renal insufficiency: rationale for limited doses." 06/01/1984 - "Thus also in the chronic renal insufficiency there is the indication of the furosemide therapy only then, when the extracellular space or the intravasal volume are enlarged. " 06/01/1984 - "[Furosemide effects in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]."
3.	benazepril (Briem)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2006 - "Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of benazepril in the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in cats." 01/01/2002 - "In the clinical studies on which this economic analysis was based, patients with chronic renal insufficiency of various aetiologies were randomised to antihypertensive therapy with or without concomitant benazepril. " 12/01/1997 - "A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial recently demonstrated that treating patients with chronic renal insufficiency with benazepril significantly decelerates the rate of progression of the disease. " 04/06/2006 - "Benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency." 04/06/2006 - "Benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency."
4.	Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)IBA 06/01/1997 - "This study was undertaken to compare the effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on blood pressure (BP) and renal hemodynamics in older black and nonblack hypertensive patients with chronic renal insufficiency. " 09/01/2002 - "Blood pressure and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use in hypertensive patients with chronic renal insufficiency." 12/01/2001 - "Blood pressure and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use in hypertensive patients with chronic renal insufficiency." 08/01/2000 - "Risk factors for moderate chronic renal insufficiency were identified using a proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, race, systolic blood pressure, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use. " 01/01/1987 - "[Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]."
5.	CalciumIBA 05/01/2015 - "We sought to assess the relation of aortic valve calcium (AVC) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors, and markers of bone metabolism in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. " 06/01/2013 - "In order to study this, we quantified coronary artery and thoracic aorta calcium by computed tomography in 1501 patients from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study within a median of 376 days (interquartile range 331-420 days) of baseline. " 11/01/1975 - "[Study of calcium metabolism by Ca47 during chronic renal insufficiency]." 01/01/1968 - "Studies of calcium metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency." 10/01/2011 - "Analysis of 1,908 participants who underwent coronary calcium scanning as part of the multiethnic CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study. "
6.	ErythropoietinFDA Link 02/01/1994 - "The study shows that subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin is both effective and safe in anaemic children and adolescents with chronic renal insufficiency." 03/01/2007 - "Erythropoietin (EPO) production is diminished in patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency or acute rejection. " 02/01/2003 - "A 75-year-old woman with chronic renal insufficiency was treated with subcutaneous erythropoietin. " 02/01/2003 - "Erythropoietin-induced hypertensive urgency in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency: case report and review of the literature." 08/01/1996 - "Usefulness and risk of erythropoietin therapy in pregnancies of patients with chronic renal insufficiency."
7.	Contrast MediaIBA 07/01/2005 - "We evaluated the recently published data from clinical studies with nonionic iodinated contrast agents in patients with preexisting chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and report the results of pooled analysis of data from recent prospective independent studies of CIN with various nonionic contrast agents. " 07/01/2005 - "Effect of nonionic radiocontrast agents on the occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with mild-moderate chronic renal insufficiency: pooled analysis of the randomized trials." 03/01/2015 - "Eighteen consecutive patients with chronic renal insufficiency underwent renal artery stenting under the guidance of CO₂ angiography and IVUS without contrast media. " 11/01/2013 - "Patients with preoperative chronic renal insufficiency that were on dialysis, with AKI detected up to 24 h before the procedure, or that received contrast agents 72 h before surgery were excluded. " 10/01/2011 - "To evaluate the incidence of CIN after endovascular diagnostics and intervention two collectives of 100  patients with chronic renal insufficiency were treated with different contrast media (CM). "
8.	Acetylcysteine (Siran)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2003 - "In patients with chronic renal insufficiency, acetylcysteine in a dose of 600 mg twice a day before and after cardiac catheterization, along with intravenous fluids, is as effective as fluids alone in the prevention of CIN when moderate to high doses of contrast are used." 08/23/2003 - "We did a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing acetylcysteine and hydration with hydration alone for preventing contrast nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. " 06/01/2006 - "Hydratation associated with acetylcysteine seems to be able to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in patients with risk factors for chronic renal insufficiency. " 12/01/2004 - "Compared with periprocedural hydration alone, acetylcysteine with hydration significantly reduces the risk of contrast nephropathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency by 50%. " 03/01/2004 - "Review: Prophylactic acetylcysteine reduces contrast nephropathy in chronic renal insufficiency."
9.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)FDA Link 12/01/2003 - "We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of OLT recipients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency and treated with sirolimus at the University of Miami. " 02/01/2003 - "In liver transplant recipients with chronic renal insufficiency, conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression allows complete withdrawal of CIs, leading to some improvement in renal function." 03/15/2006 - "Impact of chronic renal insufficiency on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with sirolimus-eluting stents versus bare metal stents." 05/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study is to review the clinical experience with sirolimus immunosuppression in liver transplant patients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced chronic renal insufficiency. " 02/01/2010 - "Sirolimus-eluting stents versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients with chronic renal insufficiency."
10.	Mannitol (Osmitrol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1981 - "We conclude that administration of hypertonic mannitol 60 minutes after administration of the radiographic contrast material is highly effective in preventing ARF after infusion IVP in patients with chronic renal insufficiency." 11/01/1981 - "Effect of hypertonic mannitol in patients with chronic renal insufficiency." 01/01/1969 - "Mannitol infusion in regular haemodialysis treatment for chronic renal insufficiency." 11/01/1966 - "[Therapeutic possibilities of the use of mannitol in chronic renal insufficiency]." 08/21/1965 - "[The influencing of kidney function with mannitol infusions in acute and chronic renal insufficiency]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 05/01/2013 - "The present study aimed to evaluate whether or not quantitative changes occur in the salivary flow of patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) who have been submitted to Hemodialysis. " 08/01/2001 - "This study investigates genomic damage in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with moderate to severe chronic renal insufficiency and those on long-term maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and hemodiafiltration therapy. " 07/01/1988 - "[Study of the thyroid function in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in hemodialysis]." 02/01/1987 - "The task of the study was to investigate the effect of systematic hemodialysis on lipid and hormonal metabolic indices in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). " 03/01/1985 - "[Echocardiographic studies in children with chronic kidney insufficiency and intermittent hemodialysis treatment]."
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 07/01/1995 - "With improved graft and patient survival, the incidence of chronic renal insufficiency has increased. " 08/01/2007 - "We queried the chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), dialysis, and transplant registries of the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) to characterize the frequency of rhGH utilization, factors related to its usage, and the relationship between rhGH usage and catch-up growth. " 07/01/2000 - "Utilizing the chronological age of 18 years as the arbitrary age of final adult height for children with chronic renal insufficiency, all patients enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study prior to January 1999, and who had at least one follow-up visit at age 18 years or older, were evaluated. " 05/01/1998 - "The 1996 annual report of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Arm of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) summarizes descriptive data and highlights important features on 1,725 patients from 130 centers. " 01/01/2015 - "Thus, the purpose of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on risk factors of chronic renal insufficiency in heart transplant patients. "
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 10/27/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to determine incidence, determinants, and progression of long-term chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in a single-center series of pediatric liver transplant recipients. " 11/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to report the results of 50 transplantations of kidney and pancreas performed in the same surgical centre for chronic renal insufficiency of patients with insulino-dependent diabetes. " 09/01/2014 - "Chronic renal insufficiency in heart transplant recipients: risk factors and management options." 06/01/2011 - "Both acute and chronic renal insufficiency are highly prevalent in liver transplant recipients. " 01/01/2010 - "In chronic renal insufficiency, RAT transplantation from cadaver, DNBH and ARR the POL processes intensification and AOD system activity lowering were noted."
4.	Protein-Restricted Diet (Diet, Protein Restricted) 06/01/2006 - "In three years prospective double-blind randomised multicentre study we monitored 66 patients with advanced chronic renal insufficiency, GFR 24.4-37.3 ml/min (0.41 to 0.62 ml/s) and BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 on long term low-protein diet (0.6 P/kg BW/day) and ACEI + ARB. " 07/01/1993 - "The effect of a low protein diet (LPD) on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) was investigated by reviewing the published studies. " 01/01/1993 - "The effect of a low-protein diet (LPD) on chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) progression was investigated by reviewing the published studies. " 01/01/1993 - "Controlled trials on low-protein diet: effects on chronic renal insufficiency progression." 09/01/1972 - "[Study of the chemical composition of low-protein diets for patients with chronic renal insufficiency]."
5.	Nephrectomy 02/01/2015 - "Because of the many adverse medical effects of chronic renal insufficiency, the indications for partial nephrectomy are expanding at many institutions. " 09/01/2013 - "With this approach, the vast majority of patients will achieve a curative oncologic outcome and avoid the medical sequelae of chronic renal insufficiency that could otherwise result from total nephrectomy." 07/01/2012 - "Recent literature has focused on the importance of maximal nephron preservation during partial nephrectomy to avoid complications associated with chronic renal insufficiency. " 08/01/2011 - "To evaluate the clinical usefulness of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) measured using preoperative mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 (MAG3) renogram for the prediction of chronic renal insufficiency after nephrectomy. " 11/01/2010 - "Re: nephrectomy induced chronic renal insufficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death and death from any cause in patients with localized cT1b renal masses: C. "