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Post-Traumatic Headache

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Secondary headache attributed to TRAUMA of the HEAD and/or the NECK.

Also Known As:

Cervicogenic Headache; Cervicogenic Headaches; Headache, Cervicogenic; Headache, Post-Traumatic; Headaches, Cervicogenic; Headaches, Post-Traumatic; Post Traumatic Headache; Post-Traumatic Headaches

Networked: 135 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 26 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 6158
- Central Nervous System Diseases: 1649
  - Brain Diseases: 2114
    - Headache Disorders: 626
      - Secondary Headache Disorders: 14
        Post-Traumatic Headache: 135

Related Diseases

1.	Headache (Headaches)
2.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine)
3.	Neck Pain (Cervicalgia)
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Cluster Headache (Cluster Headaches)

Experts

1.	Graham, Nadine: 4 articles (01/2015 - 08/2010)
2.	Goldsmith, Charles H: 4 articles (01/2015 - 11/2005)
3.	Haas, Mitchell: 4 articles (06/2010 - 01/2010)
4.	Vavrek, Darcy: 4 articles (06/2010 - 01/2010)
5.	Cervical Overview Group: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2005)
6.	Gross, Anita: 3 articles (01/2015 - 08/2010)
7.	Burnie, Stephen J: 3 articles (01/2015 - 08/2010)
8.	Stovner, L J: 3 articles (03/2009 - 10/2004)
9.	Evers, S: 3 articles (07/2008 - 11/2002)
10.	Russell, Michael Bjørn: 2 articles (01/2015 - 07/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Post-Traumatic Headache:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 06/01/2012 - "The efficacy of botulinum toxin in patients with cervicogenic headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial." 11/01/2012 - "Sufficiently large-scale clinical studies are now required to better evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin on post-traumatic headaches." 11/01/2002 - "The aim of this review is to evaluate the studies available from reference systems and published congress contributions on the prophylactic treatment of idiopathic and cervicogenic headache with botulinum toxin A, and to classify these studies according to evidence-based medicine (EBM) criteria. " 11/01/2012 - "No data on the treatment of post-traumatic headaches with botulinum toxin exist. " 11/01/2012 - "Botulinum toxin in the treatment of post-traumatic headache - case study."
2.	OxygenIBA 01/01/2013 - "We have treated 23 patients with chronic post-traumatic headache by epidural saline and oxygen injection (ESOI) with efficacy of 96 %. " 05/01/1993 - "Oxygen inhalation, a frequently used treatment for cluster headache, was given to 14 patients with cervicogenic headache. " 05/01/1993 - "Cervicogenic headache: responses to nitroglycerin, oxygen, ergotamine and morphine."
3.	Morphine (MS Contin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1993 - "Morphine injections given to 11 cervicogenic headache patients resulted in "marked" improvement in 4, but complete pain freedom was only seen in 2 cases. " 05/01/1993 - "Cervicogenic headache: responses to nitroglycerin, oxygen, ergotamine and morphine."
4.	Pain-FreeIBA 11/01/2015 - "Although randomized controlled trials indicate that the Mulligan Concept (MC) of mobilization with movement can improve pain-free grip strength and pressure pain threshold in patients with lateral epicondylalgia of the elbow, improve ankle dorsiflexion in patients with subacute ankle sprains, and decrease the signs and symptoms of patients with cervicogenic headache, little is known about the clinical application, use, and profile of certified Mulligan practitioners (CMPs) in America. " 03/01/2009 - "Cytokines have been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from headache patients [infrequent episodic tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine with or without aura, all during attack, and cervicogenic headache] and compared with levels in pain-free individuals. "
5.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 10/01/2004 - "In the present randomized, sham-controlled, patient- and evaluator-blinded study, 12 patients with a disabling, long-standing and treatment-resistant strictly unilateral cervicogenic headache were included. " 10/01/2004 - "Radiofrequency denervation of facet joints C2-C6 in cervicogenic headache: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study." 01/01/2005 - "The results for the electrotherapy subtypes are: Limited evidence of benefit: low or high frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) compared to placebo, provides immediate post treatment pain relief only for chronic MND, acute whiplash (WAD) Unclear or conflicting evidence: direct and modulated Galvanic current compared to other treatments for pain in acute, subacute, chronic occipital headache iontophoresis compared to other treatments for pain, RTW, and self-assessment of overall outcome in acute, subacute WAD TENS compared to placebo for pain in acute WAD, chronic MND PEMF compared to placebo for medium or long term effect on pain, patient assessment of improvement, ADL in acute WAD, chronic MND Limited evidence of no benefit: diadynamic current compared to placebo for reduction of trigger point tenderness in chronic MND with radicular findings, cervicogenic headache permanent magnets compared to a placebo for pain in chronic MND electric muscle stimulation compared to a sham control for pain in chronic MND. "
6.	Glycerol (Glycerine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1998 - "To investigate glycerol treatment as a possible replacement for invasive approaches in the therapy of chronic cervicogenic headaches, we performed an experimental study on the pathomorphologic action of anhydrous glycerol injection into the second upper cervical dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats. " 11/01/1998 - "Glycerol gangliotomy of the second dorsal cervical root in rats: an experimental study to evaluate a minimal invasive approach for the treatment of the chronic cervicogenic headache."
7.	pregabalin (Lyrica)FDA Link 09/01/2014 - "This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, evaluating the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with cervicogenic headache. " 09/01/2014 - "The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of pregabalin relative to placebo in patients with chronic unilateral cervicogenic headache. " 09/01/2014 - "Pregabalin for the management of cervicogenic headache: a double blind study."
8.	starlicideIBA 06/01/2008 - "Eight children (five males, three females; mean age 10y 7mo [SD 2y]) reported chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH). " 06/01/1999 - "Current evidence indicates that chronic post-traumatic headache (cPTH) has organic causes. " 03/01/2014 - "The aetiology behind chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH) after mild head injury is unclear and management is complicated. " 01/01/2014 - "Chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH) after mild head injury can be difficult to manage. " 05/01/2007 - "The syndrome known as chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH) is controversial, particularly when it occurs following mild closed head injury or "whiplash". "
9.	CytokinesIBA 07/01/1999 - "Proinflammatory cytokines in cervicogenic headache." 10/01/2005 - "The pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache probably depends on the effects of various local pain-producing or eliciting factors, such as intervertebral dysfunction, cytokines and nitric oxide. " 01/01/2004 - "The pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache probably depends on the effects of various local pain-producing or eliciting factors, such as intervertebral dysfunction, cytokines and nitric oxide. " 03/01/2009 - "Cytokines have been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from headache patients [infrequent episodic tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine with or without aura, all during attack, and cervicogenic headache] and compared with levels in pain-free individuals. "
10.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)FDA Link 07/01/2007 - "Is there a role for nitric oxide activity in cervicogenic headache?" 03/01/2000 - "Nitric oxide (NO) synthase is also activated in cervicogenic headache. " 10/01/2005 - "The pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache probably depends on the effects of various local pain-producing or eliciting factors, such as intervertebral dysfunction, cytokines and nitric oxide. " 01/01/2004 - "The pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache probably depends on the effects of various local pain-producing or eliciting factors, such as intervertebral dysfunction, cytokines and nitric oxide. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Musculoskeletal Manipulations (Manipulative Therapy) 01/01/2004 - "It was also noted that chiropractic manipulative therapy was effective treatment for cervicogenic headaches." 07/01/2012 - "This paper systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing the efficacy of manual therapies for cervicogenic headache (CEH). " 02/01/2010 - "Lack of efficacy of manual therapy in children and adolescents with suspected cervicogenic headache: results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded trial." 01/01/2015 - "Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache: a study protocol of a single-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial." 09/01/2013 - "The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine feasibility of a clinical trial to measure the effects of manual therapy on sternocleidomastoid active trigger points (TrPs) in patients with cervicogenic headache (CeH). "
2.	Injections 11/01/1992 - "A double blind cross-over trial has presently been conducted in 10 women with cervicogenic headache in order to investigate whether sterile water injections were effective in this disorder. " 05/01/2015 - "In this article, we will review the cervical spine anatomy, cervical facet injections, and the efficacy of cervical facet injections as a treatment for cervicogenic headache. " 04/01/2010 - "To evaluate the efficacy of upper cervical facet joint injections and spinal rami blocks in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. " 04/01/2010 - "C(1/2), C(2/3) facet joint injections and C(2), C(3) spinal rami blocks were effective and well tolerated for the treatment of cervicogenic headache in this study. " 05/01/2015 - "Cervical facet injections in the management of cervicogenic headaches."
3.	Spinal Manipulation 01/01/2004 - "For the prophylactic treatment of cervicogenic headache, there is evidence that both neck exercise (low-intensity endurance training) and spinal manipulation are effective in the short and long term when compared to no treatment. " 02/01/2010 - "Dose response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for chronic cervicogenic headache: a pilot randomized controlled trial." 06/01/1997 - "To study whether the isolated intervention of high-speed, low-amplitude spinal manipulation in the cervical spine has any effect on cervicogenic headache. " 06/01/2011 - "For cervicogenic headache, spinal manipulation is recommended. " 01/01/2010 - "Illustrating risk difference and number needed to treat from a randomized controlled trial of spinal manipulation for cervicogenic headache."
4.	Nerve Block (Nerve Blocks) 09/01/2015 - "Efficacy of the Greater Occipital Nerve Block for Cervicogenic Headache: Comparing Classical and Subcompartmental Techniques." 01/01/2011 - "The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve versus a greater occipital nerve block with a mixture of local anaesthetic and steroid in the management of refractory cervicogenic headache. " 07/01/2001 - "In our study we compared the GON and C2/C3 nerve blocks in the diagnosis and treatment of cervicogenic headache. " 05/01/2014 - "Most (91%) would recommend a nerve block for post-traumatic headaches. " 01/01/2011 - "Greater occipital nerve block is a safe, efficient technique in the management of cervicogenic headaches. "
5.	Acupressure (Shiatsu) 11/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of a self-acupressure pillow (SAP) to typical chiropractic treatment results in significantly greater improvement in tension-type and cervicogenic headache sufferers. "