Glucose Transporter Type 4

A glucose transport protein found in mature MUSCLE CELLS and ADIPOCYTES. It promotes transport of glucose from the BLOOD into target TISSUES. The inactive form of the protein is localized in CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES. In response to INSULIN, it is translocated to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it facilitates glucose uptake.

Also Known As:

Networked: 145 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Machado, Ubiratan Fabres: 5 articles (02/2015 - 03/2010)
2.	Machado, U F: 4 articles (10/2012 - 10/2001)
3.	Kuo, Chia-Hua: 4 articles (05/2006 - 08/2004)
4.	Furuya, Daniela Tomie: 3 articles (02/2015 - 03/2010)
5.	Poletto, Ana Cláudia: 3 articles (02/2015 - 03/2010)
6.	Chou, Shih-Wei: 3 articles (05/2006 - 08/2004)
7.	Chiu, Li-Ling: 3 articles (01/2005 - 08/2004)
8.	Ho, Hsin-Yi: 3 articles (01/2005 - 08/2004)
9.	Cho, Yu-Min: 3 articles (01/2005 - 08/2004)
10.	Ivy, John L: 3 articles (11/2004 - 07/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance 07/01/2004 - "This increase in GLUT4 protein is essential for the improvement in muscle insulin resistance." 11/01/1994 - "The aim of this study was to determine if the previously described insulin resistance in the New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse is associated with a decrease in GLUT4 protein and if such changes occur early in the evolution of the syndrome. " 06/01/2014 - "Homeostasis model assessment (IRI) was used to evaluate insulin resistance in the rats, and GLUT-4 protein expression in the skeletal muscles was measured with Western blotting. " 01/01/2007 - "CLA improve the insulin resistance of obese rat, possibly acting through increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein in skeletal muscle of rat fed with high fat diet." 09/01/2002 - "These results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of LD is derived, at least in part, from a decrease in insulin resistance, due to the increase of GLUT4 protein content in the plasma membrane of the muscle."
2.	Hyperglycemia 11/01/2003 - "Under the conditions of this study, neither exercise nor the combination of exercise followed by hyperglycemia induced translation or transcription of the GLUT-4 protein in horses." 11/01/2001 - "There was no change in GLUT-4 protein amounts at any time during the selective hyperglycemia. " 03/01/2000 - "The weaker expression of GLUT4 gene and the lower level of GLUT4 protein may be one of the causes of hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. " 03/01/2000 - "Exercise training may raise the GLUT4 gene expression and the amount of GLUT4 protein in diabetic rats, contributing to the main mechanism of improved post-receptor insulin resistance and decreased hyperglycemia in diabetic rats." 09/21/1992 - "Five days after streptozotocin injection, rats showed a marked hyperglycemia and a substantial decrease in the content of GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. "
3.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 11/01/2004 - "Chronic intermittent hypoxia also improved OGTT results, but did not alter GLUT4 protein expression. " 10/01/2012 - "However, while cytosolic GLUT4 protein expression remained similar in IH(L), IH(H), and CTL, significant decreases in GLUT4 membrane fraction occurred in hypoxia and were most pronounced in IH(L)-exposed mice. " 01/01/2005 - "Acute effect of exercise-hypoxia challenge on GLUT4 protein expression in rat cardiac muscle." 08/01/2004 - "Chronic hypoxia, exercise training, and hypoxia-exercise training significantly elevated GLUT4 protein by 40-70% in cardiac muscles. " 08/01/2004 - "Effect of systemic hypoxia on GLUT4 protein expression in exercised rat heart."
4.	Ischemia 01/01/2015 - "After HIF-1αsi-RNA transfection and ischemia, GLUT-4 protein expression was increased in plasma and reduced on cell membrane; the decline was slightly improved at T3 and recovered to control distribution level at T5. " 01/01/2015 - "After experiencing ischemia, GLUT-4 protein expression changing trend was as follows: it was significantly reduced on the cell membrane, which was the most obvious from T1 to T3 and began to improve at T3, but still had not reached the level in the control group; it had been reached the levels of the control group at T5. " 05/15/2006 - "In conclusion, the exercise training effect on muscle GLUT4 protein expression was prevented by acute ischemia. " 05/27/2005 - "We hypothesized that, in hypertrophied myocardium, a defect of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter is responsible for impaired GU and metabolism during ischemia, contributing to post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction. " 06/01/2005 - "Myocardial d-[2-(3)H]glucose uptake was measured during low-flow ischemia, and differences in GLUT-4 protein levels were quantified using Western blotting. "
5.	Necrosis 10/01/1996 - "We have previously demonstrated that chronic exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) resulted in a marked decrease (approximately 90%) in cellular GLUT4 (insulin-responsive glucose transporter) mRNA content as a result of a decreased transcription rate of the GLUT4 gene (approximately 75%) and a reduced half-life of its mRNA (9 to 4.5 h). " 03/15/1999 - "Tumour necrosis factor-alpha regulates expression of the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) alpha and beta and determines the occupation of the C/EBP site in the promoter of the insulin-responsive glucose-transporter gene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes." 10/01/2010 - "In the adipose tissue samples, mRNA was quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), insulin-independent glucose transporter (GLUT1), insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4), insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (p85) and catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Glucose (Dextrose)
2.	Insulin (Novolin)
3.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
4.	Insulin Receptor
5.	Glycogen
6.	Hexokinase
7.	Glycogen Synthase (Synthase I)
8.	Fructose
9.	Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase)
10.	Antipsychotic Agents (Antipsychotics)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Denervation