Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)

A multi-function neuropeptide that acts throughout the body by elevating intracellular cyclic AMP level via its interaction with PACAP RECEPTORS. Although first isolated from hypothalamic extracts and named for its action on the pituitary, it is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. PACAP is important in the control of endocrine and homeostatic processes, such as secretion of pituitary and gut hormones and food intake.

Also Known As:

Networked: 696 relevant articles (51 outcomes, 139 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hashimoto, Hitoshi: 36 articles (09/2015 - 11/2003)
2.	Reglodi, Dora: 32 articles (01/2015 - 07/2006)
3.	Shioda, Seiji: 30 articles (10/2015 - 08/2002)
4.	Baba, Akemichi: 28 articles (01/2014 - 11/2003)
5.	Nakamachi, Tomoya: 26 articles (10/2015 - 04/2004)
6.	Shintani, Norihito: 26 articles (01/2014 - 11/2003)
7.	Reglodi, D: 24 articles (09/2015 - 01/2000)
8.	Tamas, Andrea: 24 articles (01/2015 - 07/2006)
9.	Kiss, P: 19 articles (09/2015 - 07/2006)
10.	May, Victor: 18 articles (08/2015 - 04/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 06/01/2000 - "Treatment with PACAP38 starting 8 or 12 hours after the onset of ischemia did not result in a significant reduction of the infarct size, although infarct volumes tended to be smaller than in the control groups. " 01/10/2008 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PACAP is protective against in vitro ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. " 04/01/2009 - "We have demonstrated earlier that PACAP has protective effects against in vitro ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. " 11/01/2008 - "PACAP has protective effects against myeloma kidney injury and renal ischemia. " 01/10/2008 - "In summary, our results show that PACAP has protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and provides new insights into the signaling mechanisms involved in the PACAP-mediated anti-apoptotic effects."
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 07/01/2010 - "PACAP is known for its strong cytoprotective effects, which are present endogenously as well, as proven by knockout studies and results showing that PACAP is up-regulated following diverse injuries. " 10/01/2015 - "PACAP as a neuroprotective factor in ischemic neuronal injuries." 07/01/2015 - "A New Recombinant PACAP-Derived Peptide Efficiently Promotes Corneal Wound Repairing and Lacrimal Secretion." 01/01/2015 - "Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide protects glomerular podocytes from inflammatory injuries." 01/01/2015 - "However, the association of PACAP with hMSCs to protect nerve cells against neural injuries is still unclear. "
3.	Retinal Degeneration 11/01/2005 - "We conclude that (i) 2 or 3 times PACAP treatment attenuates retinal degeneration; (ii) one PACAP treatment does not provide protection against repeated excitotoxic insults, and (iii) repeated application of PACAP under these experimental conditions may lead to a primed state in which further neurotoxic insults are ineffective." 08/01/2007 - "In summary, our present study provides evidence, for the first time, that PACAP attenuates ischemic retinal degeneration." 01/01/2012 - "Exogenous PACAP administration could partially protect against retinal degeneration in PACAP deficient mice. " 01/01/2012 - "We have provided evidence that PACAP is neuroprotective in several models of retinal degeneration in vivo. " 01/01/2011 - "Our results provide the basis for future clinical application of PACAP treatment in retinal degeneration and may have clinical implications in several ophthalmic diseases."
4.	Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia) 06/01/2002 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the protective effects of PACAP and VIP in permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. " 01/01/2013 - "Expression and distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in reactive astrocytes induced by global brain ischemia in mice." 01/01/2012 - "It has been shown that PACAP deficient mice have larger infarct size in cerebral ischemia. " 07/01/2010 - "Furthermore, PACAP-deficient mice have larger infarct volume in a model of cerebral ischemia, delayed axonal regeneration, and increased cell death in cerebellar oxidative stress. " 02/16/2010 - "Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease APE1 is required for PACAP-induced neuroprotection against global cerebral ischemia."
5.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury) 10/01/2015 - "This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the neuroprotective effects, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of PACAP in response to ischemic brain injuries. " 04/01/2015 - "Exogenous PACAP38 confers a similar effect in facilitating BMDCs homing into the ischemic brain, resulting in reduction of ischemic brain injury. " 11/01/2014 - "PACAP38 suppresses cortical damage in mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing antioxidant activity." 10/01/2014 - "PACAP has well-known neuroprotective potential including traumatic brain injury (TBI). " 10/01/2014 - "Changes of PACAP level in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with severe traumatic brain injury."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)
2.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)
3.	Neuropeptides
4.	Sodium Glutamate (Accent)
5.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
6.	Kainic Acid (Kainate)
7.	Cisplatin (Platino)
8.	Peptides
9.	Insulin (Novolin)
10.	Substance P

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Axotomy
3.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care)
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Intravenous Infusions