Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)

A multi-function neuropeptide that acts throughout the body by elevating intracellular cyclic AMP level via its interaction with PACAP RECEPTORS and VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE RECEPTOR. Although first isolated from hypothalamic extracts and named for its action on the pituitary, it is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. PACAP is important in the control of endocrine and homeostatic processes, such as secretion of pituitary and gut hormones and food intake.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1122 relevant articles (87 outcomes, 250 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Reglodi, Dora: 72 articles (11/2022 - 07/2006)
2.	Hashimoto, Hitoshi: 50 articles (12/2021 - 11/2003)
3.	Tamas, Andrea: 45 articles (01/2022 - 07/2006)
4.	Shioda, Seiji: 41 articles (01/2022 - 08/2002)
5.	Nakamachi, Tomoya: 35 articles (04/2020 - 04/2004)
6.	Shintani, Norihito: 32 articles (04/2020 - 11/2003)
7.	Reglodi, D: 32 articles (07/2019 - 01/2000)
8.	Baba, Akemichi: 31 articles (01/2016 - 11/2003)
9.	Ashina, Messoud: 30 articles (01/2022 - 01/2009)
10.	Vaudry, David: 28 articles (12/2021 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 07/01/2019 - "The aim of our study was to investigate the ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury of male and female rats to confirm the protective effects of PACAP in the kidney and to reveal possible gender differences.Male" 01/10/2008 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PACAP is protective against in vitro ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. " 03/02/2018 - "Protective effects of PACAP in ischemia." 04/01/2009 - "We have demonstrated earlier that PACAP has protective effects against in vitro ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. " 11/01/2008 - "PACAP has protective effects against myeloma kidney injury and renal ischemia. "
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 07/01/2010 - "PACAP is known for its strong cytoprotective effects, which are present endogenously as well, as proven by knockout studies and results showing that PACAP is up-regulated following diverse injuries. " 01/01/2018 - "The aim of the present review is to provide an overview on the neurotoxic injuries against which PACAP exerts protection, and to give an insight into its protective mechanism. " 04/01/2017 - "In addition to its diverse physiological roles, PACAP has important functions in the embryonic development of various tissues, and it is also considered as a trophic factor during development and in the case of neuronal injuries. " 10/01/2015 - "PACAP as a neuroprotective factor in ischemic neuronal injuries." 02/22/2015 - "However, the association of PACAP with hMSCs to protect nerve cells against neural injuries is still unclear. "
3.	Retinal Degeneration 11/01/2005 - "We conclude that (i) 2 or 3 times PACAP treatment attenuates retinal degeneration; (ii) one PACAP treatment does not provide protection against repeated excitotoxic insults, and (iii) repeated application of PACAP under these experimental conditions may lead to a primed state in which further neurotoxic insults are ineffective." 08/01/2007 - "In summary, our present study provides evidence, for the first time, that PACAP attenuates ischemic retinal degeneration." 01/01/2019 - "Neuroprotective Potential of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide in Retinal Degenerations of Metabolic Origin." 01/01/2017 - "A number of reports provided evidence that PACAP is neuroprotective in retinal degenerations. " 01/01/2012 - "Exogenous PACAP administration could partially protect against retinal degeneration in PACAP deficient mice. "
4.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine) 01/01/2021 - "Together, these results suggest that inhibition of both CGRP and PACAP signaling in TG neurons may be more effective in treating chronic migraine and PTH than targeting individual signaling pathways." 01/01/2021 - "The improved rat model of migraine with repeated stimulation of TG resulted in a more pronounced elevation of CGRP, PACAP, and NPY. " 10/12/2023 - "Human studies have demonstrated that when infused, PACAP can cause dilation of cranial vessels and result in delayed migraine-like attacks. " 07/20/2021 - "Large scale randomized clinical trials confirmed that inhibition of the CGRP system attenuates migraine, while the PACAP mediated nociception is still under scientific and clinical investigation. " 12/01/2019 - "In a follow-up pharmacological study, we confirmed the role of PACAP in models of these two disorders, validating the effectiveness of our peptidomic approach, and identifying PACAP as a mechanistic link between chronic migraine and OIH. "
5.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease) 01/01/2016 - "Thus, Ac-[Phe(pI)(6), Nle(17)]PACAP(1-27) appears as a promising lead molecule for the development of PACAP-derived drugs potentially useful for the treatment of PD or other neurodegenerative diseases." 01/01/2011 - "Review on the protective effects of PACAP in models of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and in vivo." 12/11/1998 - "These studies support the conclusion that VIP, PACAP, and associated molecules are both important regulators of neurodevelopment and strong candidates for therapeutic development for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease." 01/01/2018 - "Here, we discuss the pleiotropic effects of PACAP on cell cycle machinery and the implication for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases." 06/01/2015 - "Therefore, PACAP has been examined as a potential therapeutic method for neurodegenerative diseases. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)
2.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
3.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)
4.	Neuropeptides
5.	Type I Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptors
6.	Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide))
7.	Sodium Glutamate (Accent)
8.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
9.	Chemokines
10.	Amino Acids

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Ligation
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Axotomy