Toll-Like Receptors (Toll-Like Receptor)

A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.

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Networked: 8851 relevant articles (148 outcomes, 794 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Akira, Shizuo: 77 articles (12/2018 - 05/2002)
2.	Anders, Hans-Joachim: 26 articles (01/2022 - 03/2004)
3.	Joosten, Leo A B: 22 articles (12/2020 - 12/2003)
4.	Netea, Mihai G: 22 articles (12/2020 - 05/2002)
5.	Rezaei, Nima: 21 articles (06/2022 - 01/2008)
6.	Flavell, Richard A: 21 articles (01/2015 - 07/2002)
7.	Medzhitov, Ruslan: 21 articles (03/2013 - 07/2002)
8.	van der Poll, Tom: 19 articles (01/2017 - 12/2004)
9.	Jialal, Ishwarlal: 19 articles (05/2016 - 02/2008)
10.	Szabo, Gyongyi: 18 articles (01/2019 - 11/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Infections 04/01/2019 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important molecules, which provide protection against infections of the reproductive tract. " 10/21/2008 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may need to cooperate with each other to be effective in detecting imminent infection and trigger immune responses. " 12/01/2010 - "In order to elucidate the exact role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) or RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against influenza A virus infection (A/PR/8/34 [PR8]; H1N1), we adapted several innate signal-deficient mice (e.g., TRIF(-/-), MyD88(-/-), MyD88(-/-) TRIF(-/-), TLR3(-/-) TLR7(-/-), and IPS-1(-/-)). " 01/01/2022 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a part of the innate immune system, have critical roles in protection against infections and involve in basic pathology and physiology. " 12/01/2019 - "Critical Role of B Cells in Toll-Like Receptor 7-Mediated Protection against Listeria monocytogenes Infection."
2.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 01/01/2023 - "Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes play an important role in the activation of the innate immune response, which may help to explain the presence of inflammation in people with this disorder. " 08/01/2007 - "The recent discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs), with their role as the initiators of the innate immune response and inflammation, suggests that modulating these receptors may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic disorders. " 01/15/2012 - "However, evidence has emerged that these compounds also have protective effects in some situations and cell types; a notable example is their ability to interfere with signaling by certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induced by microbial products that normally leads to inflammation. " 01/01/2021 - "Lactobacillus acidophilus Induces a Strain-specific and Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Enhancement of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier and Protection Against Intestinal Inflammation." 01/01/2023 - "However, few studies have reported on the pathological role of inflammation-related receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as immune cells such as macrophages in LCPD. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 12/01/2022 - "Recently, we showed that cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a potent multi-toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist with potent efficacy for treating tumors in mice and dogs by ISV. " 06/04/2009 - "In this study, we report that the lack of SRA/CD204 promotes Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonist-augmented tumor-protective immunity, which is associated with enhanced activation of CD8(+) effector T cell and improved inhibition of tumor growth. " 06/30/2011 - "Triggering of toll-like receptor signaling pathways in T cells contributes to the anti-tumor efficacy of T cell responses." 01/01/2023 - "Toll-Like Receptor Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cancer: Meta-analysis Study." 01/01/2023 - "Aim: Toll-like receptors involved in tumor-associated inflammatory response, this study aimed to investigate the role of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms in the risk and progression of HPV-related cervical lesions. "
4.	Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) 10/01/2013 - "Two decades ago, Toll like receptors (TLRs) family was known as one of the important PRRs with unique functions especially in protection against invading pathogens. " 10/01/2023 - "However, the PRRs Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3 and TLR4, which signal through TRIF and MyD88, respectively, played no role in IFN induction. " 02/14/2023 - "Toll-like receptors (TLR) are among the most important PRRs being expressed on and in a wide range of immune cell types. " 01/01/2023 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 are the main PRRs that recognize fungal components. " 01/01/2023 - "Characterization of a novel Toll-like receptor 13 homologue from a marine fish Nibea albiflora, revealing its immunologic function as PRRs."
5.	Colitis 08/01/2009 - "When administered after TNBS, this probiotic is also effective in accelerating colitis recovery, and this is associated with an enhanced Toll-like receptor function." 03/01/2005 - "A new study in this issue demonstrates a protective role for IFN-alpha/beta, induced by activation of a Toll-like receptor 9-dependent pathway, in a rodent model of experimental colitis." 12/18/2021 - "Macrophages in the intestinal mucosa can rapidly engage Toll-like receptor [TLR]-mediated inflammatory responses to protect against pathogen invasion, but these same innate immune responses can also drive the induction of colitis. " 01/01/2018 - "Spi-C down-regulated the expression of a subset of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-inducible genes in intestinal CX3CR1high Mϕs to prevent colitis. " 01/01/2018 - "Both Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 were activated by DSS, colitis-to-normal FMT, and the opposite, whereas only TLR4 was increased in OMVs-treated cells. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Ligands
2.	Cytokines
3.	Pattern Recognition Receptors
4.	Vaccines
5.	Toll-Like Receptor Agonists
6.	NLR Proteins
7.	Antigens
8.	Inflammasomes
9.	Lipopolysaccharides
10.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Liver Transplantation
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)