Toll-Like Receptors (Toll-Like Receptor)

A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.

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Networked: 4685 relevant articles (71 outcomes, 401 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Akira, Shizuo: 73 articles (08/2013 - 05/2002)
2.	Anders, Hans-Joachim: 22 articles (09/2015 - 03/2004)
3.	Flavell, Richard A: 21 articles (01/2015 - 07/2002)
4.	Medzhitov, Ruslan: 21 articles (03/2013 - 07/2002)
5.	Zacharowski, Kai: 18 articles (11/2015 - 11/2004)
6.	Kirschning, Carsten J: 16 articles (10/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	Szabo, Gyongyi: 16 articles (09/2013 - 11/2004)
8.	Wagner, Hermann: 16 articles (08/2012 - 11/2003)
9.	Netea, Mihai G: 15 articles (11/2015 - 05/2002)
10.	van der Poll, Tom: 15 articles (01/2015 - 12/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 05/15/2015 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs), important in rapid clearance of incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, may also be important in shaping the adaptive response to persistent infections. " 10/21/2008 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may need to cooperate with each other to be effective in detecting imminent infection and trigger immune responses. " 12/01/2010 - "In order to elucidate the exact role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) or RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against influenza A virus infection (A/PR/8/34 [PR8]; H1N1), we adapted several innate signal-deficient mice (e.g., TRIF(-/-), MyD88(-/-), MyD88(-/-) TRIF(-/-), TLR3(-/-) TLR7(-/-), and IPS-1(-/-)). " 03/01/2012 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate sentinels required for clearance of bacterial and fungal infections of the cornea, but their role in viral immunity is currently unknown. " 08/01/2010 - "Accumulating evidence suggests a role for Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling at the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) level for intestinal protection against exogenous injury or pathogenic infection. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 06/01/2010 - "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-tumor fusion hybrids with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. " 06/04/2009 - "In this study, we report that the lack of SRA/CD204 promotes Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonist-augmented tumor-protective immunity, which is associated with enhanced activation of CD8(+) effector T cell and improved inhibition of tumor growth. " 12/01/2015 - "Here, we evaluated the efficacy of maitake D-fraction, in combination with a Toll-like receptor agonist, to treat tumors in a murine model. " 06/30/2011 - "Triggering of toll-like receptor signaling pathways in T cells contributes to the anti-tumor efficacy of T cell responses." 12/02/2015 - "[Preliminary study on the expression of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 in bladder urothelial tumors]."
3.	Inflammation 08/01/2007 - "The recent discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs), with their role as the initiators of the innate immune response and inflammation, suggests that modulating these receptors may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic disorders. " 01/15/2012 - "However, evidence has emerged that these compounds also have protective effects in some situations and cell types; a notable example is their ability to interfere with signaling by certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induced by microbial products that normally leads to inflammation. " 03/01/2015 - "Previous studies have demonstrated that soyasaponin (SoSa) possesses anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated immune cells by influencing the immune sensing of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune modulatory effect of SoSa I on TLR2- and TLR4-induced inflammation within the monocytic MUTZ-3-cell model. " 11/01/2012 - "To investigate the dose and time-dependent role of toll-like receptor (TLR) and Th1/Th2 shift in local and systemic inflammation induced by PM2.5, mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg PM2.5 in this study. " 10/01/2011 - "This study investigated the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, a pattern recognition receptor for gram-positive cell wall products, in regulating swine facility organic dust extract (DE)-induced airway inflammation in mice. "
4.	Colitis 08/01/2009 - "When administered after TNBS, this probiotic is also effective in accelerating colitis recovery, and this is associated with an enhanced Toll-like receptor function." 03/01/2005 - "A new study in this issue demonstrates a protective role for IFN-alpha/beta, induced by activation of a Toll-like receptor 9-dependent pathway, in a rodent model of experimental colitis." 01/01/2013 - "Although bacteria producing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist, play a crucial role in the development of experimental colitis, LPS tolerance following initial exposure to LPS can result in a state of hyporesponsiveness to subsequent LPS challenge. " 01/01/2012 - "Although Toll-like receptors are expressed in multiple cell types in the colon, the cell type(s) responsible for the development of colitis are currently unknown. " 11/01/2010 - "A disturbed regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction resulting in the exclusive activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways may be critical for the perpetuation of established chronic colitis. "
5.	Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) 10/01/2013 - "Two decades ago, Toll like receptors (TLRs) family was known as one of the important PRRs with unique functions especially in protection against invading pathogens. " 09/01/2015 - "An important family of PRRs are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with numerous evidences indicating their crucial role in identifying microbial or viral compounds. " 04/01/2015 - "The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-described set of PRRs. " 03/01/2015 - "The sources of DAMPs are dead or dying cells or the extracellular matrix and can signal through the PRRs, the Toll-like receptors or cytosolic Nod-like receptors, culminating in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. " 09/01/2014 - "Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as members of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), play critical roles in the recognition of viruses and the induction of appropriate immune responses. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Ligands
2.	Antigens
3.	Vaccines
4.	Cytokines
5.	Interleukins
6.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	ProMune (CpG 7909)
9.	bis(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)methane
10.	Pattern Recognition Receptors

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Liver Transplantation
4.	Resuscitation
5.	Therapeutics