Overweight

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".

Networked: 9820 relevant articles (371 outcomes, 1746 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction)
2.	Obesity
3.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
5.	Insulin Resistance

Experts

1.	Goran, Michael I: 41 articles (04/2015 - 04/2003)
2.	Weigensberg, Marc J: 36 articles (04/2015 - 07/2003)
3.	McTiernan, Anne: 35 articles (05/2015 - 05/2003)
4.	Astrup, Arne: 32 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
5.	Clifton, Peter M: 26 articles (06/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Noakes, Manny: 24 articles (03/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Davis, Jaimie N: 22 articles (11/2014 - 11/2005)
8.	Ulrich, Cornelia M: 21 articles (05/2015 - 11/2003)
9.	Reinehr, Thomas: 21 articles (03/2015 - 01/2004)
10.	Reaven, Gerald M: 19 articles (09/2015 - 03/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Overweight:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 09/01/2011 - "More important, there is compelling evidence that CVD risk factors are present to a significantly greater degree in the subset of overweight/obese individuals that is also insulin resistant. " 07/01/2009 - "HR and BP at T1, T2, and T3, and the lipid and insulin values improved significantly in the study group after overweight reduction. " 06/01/2014 - "Decrease in serum chemerin level was associated with improved insulin sensitivity, and this may be involved in the beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients." 11/01/1975 - "Norm- and overweight subjects with asymptomatic diabetes were characterized by a significant reduction of insulin secretion during both phases. " 01/01/2008 - "Insulin sensitivity according to a variety of measurement methods was improved by lower GI, higher unavailable carbohydrate interventions in persons with type 2 diabetes, in overweight and obese persons, and in all studies combined. "
2.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2006 - "Due to its beneficial effects, metformin is the gold standard treatment for overweight type 2 diabetic patients. " 01/01/2013 - "Metformin as a biguanid drug entered to the market 50 years ago and now is generally recommended as the first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes, especially in overweight patients, however in recent years new indications for its use have emerged . " 11/09/2012 - "Metformin is generally recommended as first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes, especially in overweight patients, but in recent years new indications for its use have emerged. " 10/01/2004 - "Our data show that metformin administration is more effective than LOD in overall reproductive outcomes in overweight infertile CC-resistant women with PCOS." 09/01/2007 - "Metformin has demonstrated promising results in small trials; its role in the treatment of overweight adolescents will remain investigational until further research is conducted."
3.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2007 - "Although randomized controlled trials with the prevention or treatment of the MetS as the main outcome have not been published, several large randomized controlled trials provide strong evidence that favourable lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, are effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance. " 10/01/1999 - "Overweight patients' glucose values were significantly greater than those of lean subjects during the last 4 hours of the overnight fast. " 06/01/2013 - "This study indicates that low-to-intermediate dose TRT may be safely utilized in LOH patients to ameliorate somatic and psychological frailty symptoms in association with improved anthropometric and glycometabolic parameters in aging, overweight men with LOH and impaired fasting glucose." 11/01/2005 - "Similarly, oral glucose tolerance also improved in aged overweight S-D rats when treated with RVF (P<.05) and with HCS (P<.01), compared with the baseline values. " 10/01/2003 - "The 10,000 steps/day recommendation resulted in improved glucose tolerance and a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in overweight women at risk for type 2 diabetes. "
4.	orlistat (Xenical)FDA Link 01/01/2003 - "Adding orlistat as a pharmacological treatment to conventional diabetes and weight management approaches seems to be a cost-effective treatment option for overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes." 12/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to review the evidence of the effects of orlistat on glycaemic control in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. " 04/01/2014 - "The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orlistat on the weight and body mass index of obese and overweight Korean patients. " 04/01/2012 - "This study's objective was to examine the effect of a 6-month, standard education-based weight-management program with and without orlistat 60 mg on changes in weight and body fat in overweight soldiers. " 08/01/2006 - "Effect of orlistat in overweight poorly controlled Chinese female type 2 diabetic patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study."
5.	LeptinIBA 01/01/2010 - "Considering men and women, the data are similar for men but, after exercise, overweight women registered a significant reduction of the leptin values. " 06/01/2008 - "Overweight-obese (BMI>or=25 kg/m(2)) subjects had significantly greater BMI, BP levels, plasma leptin and whole-body NE spillover compared to lean (BMI<25 kg/m(2)) subjects, but the NE clearance was similar. " 01/01/2012 - "In the first trimester of pregnancy leptin levels showed statistically significant differences between normal weight and overweight-obese women (p < 0.001), diabetic women (p < 0.05) and the subgroup of preeclamptic women (p < 0.001). " 09/01/2011 - "Leptin supplementation of neonatal rats during the suckling period protects against being overweight in adulthood and ameliorates the control of food intake. " 08/01/2015 - "The objective of this study was to establish a gestational age-specific standard for amniotic fluid leptin (AFL) levels and examine the relationship between AFL, maternal overweight and fetal growth restriction. "
6.	CholesterolIBA 01/01/2009 - "Participation in a 12 week resistance exercise training program significantly increased strength and improved both body composition and serum cholesterol in overweight, hypercholesterolemic men with no added benefit from protein supplementation." 04/01/2015 - "Our study indicates that PPARG rs1801282 may significantly predict overweight, BMI, and total cholesterol in female but not male Taiwanese subjects." 12/01/2010 - "The present study indicates that cycling to music was just as effective as stationary cycling while playing video games at improving fitness, body composition, and cholesterol profiles in overweight and obese teens, and resulted in increased attendance, vigorous intensity of physical activity, and distance pedaled. " 09/01/2009 - "This analysis of baseline data from the Cholesterol Education and Research Trial included 2330 overweight and obese adult primary care patients from southeastern New England. " 01/01/2007 - "The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an oat bran-rich supplement in conjunction with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 1 diet (< 30% of total energy from fat, < 10% of energy from saturated fat, and < 300 mg cholesterol per day) on plasma SHBG levels in 35 overweight premenopausal women. "
7.	Lipoproteins (Lipoprotein)IBA 07/01/1991 - "Contributions of regional adipose tissue depots to plasma lipoprotein concentrations in overweight men and women: possible protective effects of thigh fat." 09/01/2002 - "In conclusion, this dietary supplementation improved lipoprotein profile and enhanced fat excretion in feces in overweight and obese subjects." 03/01/2014 - "The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the association between lipoprotein subfraction profiles and metabolically healthy overweight (MHO) phenotype, as defined by visceral adiposity; and (2) to identify the strongest predictor of metabolic health among the lipoprotein measurements. " 01/01/2013 - "Effects of wheat and oat-based whole grain foods on serum lipoprotein size and distribution in overweight middle aged people: a randomised controlled trial." 06/01/2011 - "This study aimed to evaluate high-density lipoprotein functionality and the cardiovascular risk factor profile in the overweight pediatric population. "
8.	LipidsIBA 06/01/2015 - "Therefore, it can be concluded that morning aerobic exercises were more effective in reducing the blood pressure and lipids than afternoon exercises in overweight hypertensive postmenopausal women. " 02/01/2011 - "One-hour after-school exercise ameliorates central adiposity and lipids in overweight Chinese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial." 02/01/2010 - "The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the efficacy of the Army's education-based weight-management program, "Weigh to Stay," with and without meal replacements for improving blood lipids, and to promote weight and body fat loss in overweight US Army soldiers. " 10/01/2015 - "[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ten-week Nordic Walking (NW) rehabilitation program on chosen anthropometric parameters and the level of basic lipids in overweight and obese postmenopausal women's blood. " 12/01/2014 - "A randomized study on lipids response to different exercise programs in overweight older men."
9.	HDL CholesterolIBA 10/01/2007 - "This provides evidence that a PABM-intervention is effective in changing metabolic risk factors such as waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and HDL-cholesterol in overweight and obese elementary school children." 01/01/1993 - "In a 1-year comparison of fat loss by dieting vs. fat loss by exercise without dieting, both methods were found to be effective in moderately overweight men, and both approaches raised plasma HDL cholesterol. " 01/01/2012 - "At the completion of the study, the overweight/obese adolescents demonstrated a 15% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (mean, 47 +/- 8 vs. 54 +/- 5 mg/dL), whereas there was no improvement in BMI or other measurements. " 05/01/2014 - "In addition to increasing MVPA, targeting reduced SED and limiting bouts of SED to <30 min may contribute to improved HDL cholesterol levels and cardio-metabolic health in overweight/obese children." 01/01/2008 - "However, post hoc analyses of several of the fibrate studies have shown that people with features of the metabolic syndrome, particularly overweight people with high plasma triglyceride levels and low levels of HDL cholesterol, derive a disproportionately large reduction in cardiovascular events when treated with these agents. "
10.	AdiponectinIBA 08/01/2008 - "Therefore, circulating adiponectin may represent a good biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese children." 06/01/2015 - "This is the first study to identify a genetic variant that modifies adiponectin response to lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese diabetic individuals." 01/01/2014 - "Previous studies have linked low maternal serum adiponectin to GDM in normal and overweight women. " 05/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to compare the effect of consuming fish and fish oil supplements on plasma total and HMW adiponectin concentrations in overweight human participants. " 01/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate how circulating adiponectin will respond to a short-term PEC and whether or not this response will differ among normal-weight(NW), overweight(OW) and obese(OB). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Caloric Restriction 10/01/2009 - "A very low calorie diet plus lifestyle counselling improved mild obstructive sleep apnoea in overweight patients." 03/01/2014 - "The aim of our study was to evaluate whether overweight patients with mild OSA displayed endothelial dysfunction, and to assess the effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with an early very low calorie diet in endothelial function. " 02/01/2014 - "Most clinical trials have investigated dairy intake, frequently during caloric restriction, in overweight or obese populations but not in a metabolic syndrome population. " 01/01/2012 - "Randomized trial comparison of 25% caloric restriction (CR) or control diet in 40 overweight or obese women (body mass index 32±5.8 kg/m(2)) observed for 28 days and followed for the next 90 days. " 04/01/2011 - "The present study investigated the effects of a low-calorie diet (800 kcal/day deficit for 8 weeks) on erythrocyte membrane properties in 70 overweight and moderately obese (body mass index, 25-33 kg/m(2)) normotensive, nondiabetic women. "
2.	Resistance Training 04/01/2010 - "Twelve weeks of endurance/strength training significantly reduced cardiac lipid content in overweight subjects and was paralleled by improved ejection fraction. " 01/01/2012 - "However, it is unclear whether health benefits are limited to aerobic training or if other exercise modalities such as resistance training or a combination are as effective or more effective in the overweight and obese. " 05/01/2002 - "More research is required to elucidate the efficacy of resistance training among overweight children." 03/01/2008 - "These findings confirm the 6-week program of either diet-only or diet-and-strength training improved overweight/obese children's self-perception of muscular strength and body composition. " 08/01/2005 - "We conclude that in diet-controlled prepubertal obese/overweight children, participation in an exercise program with emphasis on strength training resulted in improved lean mass and bone mineral accrual."
3.	Reducing Diet 11/01/2014 - "Cumin powder in a weight reduction diet showed improvement in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in overweight/obese women." 02/01/2014 - "We tested whether CRY2 and MTNR1B genotypes affected changes in measures of energy expenditure in response to a weight-loss diet intervention in a 2-y randomized clinical trial, the POUNDS (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) LOST Trial. " 01/01/2014 - "We compared the effects of low CHO and isoenergetic balanced weight loss diets in overweight and obese adults assessed in randomised controlled trials (minimum follow-up of 12 weeks), and summarised the effects on weight, as well as cardiovascular and diabetes risk. " 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of the study was to determine for the first time the effects of a weight loss diet with or without exercise on body fat levels and other anthropometrical characteristics in overweight and obese Cypriot adults. " 04/01/2001 - "This study investigated the effect of a weight reduction diet on cognitive performance and psychological well-being among overweight women. "
4.	Bariatric Surgery 03/01/2015 - "The 2 observational studies that examined the prevalence in preoperative bariatric surgery patients and gaps in our current knowledge (including the prevalence of thiamin deficiency in the general obese population and whether the current RDA for thiamin meets the metabolic needs of overweight or obese adults) are reviewed. " 11/01/2014 - "The aim of the study was to identify the prerequisites for selection of overweight and obese patients to undergo bariatric surgery. " 07/01/2014 - "Multidisciplinary diabetes care with and without bariatric surgery in overweight people: a randomised controlled trial." 12/01/2009 - "Several studies indicate that bariatric surgery frequently leads to resolution or improvement of type 2 diabetes in overweight patients. " 07/01/2005 - "Our study indicated that OSA was highly prevalent in extremely overweight adolescents meeting eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery. "
5.	Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet (Low Carbohydrate Diet) 01/01/2015 - "These results suggest that future evaluations of dietary guidelines should consider low carbohydrate diets as effective and safe intervention for weight management in the overweight and obese, although long-term effects require further investigation." 01/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term effects of a low-carbohydrate diet in overweight and obese subjects with low HDL-C levels. " 12/01/2015 - "Conclusion The initial phase of Atkins diet program could significantly decrease the AIP in 11 of 12 adult overweight trained adapted men. " 12/01/2015 - "Atkins diet program rapidly decreases atherogenic index of plasma in trained adapted overweight men." 01/01/2015 - "Prior data suggest that low carbohydrate diets may also be a viable option for those who are overweight and obese. "