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Hashimoto Disease (Thyroiditis, Hashimoto)

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Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM.

Also Known As:

Thyroiditis, Hashimoto; Hashimotos Disease; Hashimoto's Disease; Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis; Hashimoto Thyroiditis; Hashimoto's Syndrome; Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditides; Disease, Hashimoto; Disease, Hashimoto's; Hashimoto Syndrome; Hashimoto Thyroiditides; Hashimoto's Syndromes; Hashimotos Syndrome; Lymphocytic Thyroiditides, Chronic; Lymphocytic Thyroiditis, Chronic; Syndrome, Hashimoto's; Syndromes, Hashimoto's; Thyroiditides, Chronic Lymphocytic; Thyroiditides, Hashimoto; Thyroiditis, Chronic Lymphocytic

Networked: 592 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 54 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Endocrine System Diseases: 504
- Thyroid Diseases: 3993
  - Thyroiditis: 2778
    - Autoimmune Thyroiditis: 1383
      - Hashimoto Disease: 592
        Hashimoto's encephalitis: 410
        Hashimoto's Struma: 20

Related Diseases

1.	Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)
2.	Diabetes Mellitus
3.	Thyroiditis
4.	Hypothyroidism
5.	Thyroid Diseases (Thyroid Disease)

Experts

1.	Watanabe, Mikio: 10 articles (02/2015 - 09/2002)
2.	Iwatani, Yoshinori: 10 articles (02/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Caturegli, Patrizio: 5 articles (01/2015 - 01/2009)
4.	Rose, Noel R: 5 articles (09/2011 - 06/2005)
5.	Inoue, Naoya: 4 articles (02/2015 - 05/2009)
6.	Park, Cheong Soo: 4 articles (12/2013 - 05/2012)
7.	Ruchała, Marek: 3 articles (02/2015 - 01/2012)
8.	Hidaka, Yoh: 3 articles (02/2015 - 03/2012)
9.	Naruse, Mitsuhide: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)
10.	Tagami, Tetsuya: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hashimoto Disease:

1.	papillary Thyroid cancerIBA 11/01/2012 - "To assess the efficacy of sonography for discriminating nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis from papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with sonographically evident diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis. " 01/01/2014 - "This study investigated a potential increase in the prevalence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis among papillary thyroid cancer patients. " 11/01/2012 - "This study included 20 patients with 24 surgically confirmed Hashimoto thyroiditis nodules and 40 patients with 40 papillary thyroid carcinoma nodules; all had sonographically evident diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis. " 11/01/2012 - "Likelihood ratio-based differentiation of nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with sonographically evident diffuse hashimoto thyroiditis: preliminary study." 12/01/2009 - "We undertook this study to identify potential precursors of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Hashimoto thyroiditis using a combination of morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. "
2.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/2012 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti‑livin antibodies in Hashimoto thyroiditis, a disease characterized by rapid and widespread thyrocyte apoptosis. " 01/01/1988 - "These studies show that lymphocytes capable of producing antithyroid antibodies can be present in the thyroid glands of patients with Hashimoto disease without evidence of a peripheral immune response, thus indicating that Hashimoto disease can exist as an organ-restricted autoimmune disorder." 04/01/2015 - "Forty-two patients (29.0%) had Hashimoto thyroiditis with positive TPO antibodies, and 103 patients (71.0%) had negative TPO antibodies. " 01/01/2014 - "The significantly higher prevalence of Hashimoto's disease among type 1 diabetes patients with positive antibodies might suggest a possible common environmental trigger for these conditions." 01/01/2012 - "Anti‑livin antibodies in Hashimoto thyroiditis."
3.	Thyroglobulin FDA Link 01/01/2009 - "Hashimoto thyroiditis can be partially reproduced in mice by immunization with thyroglobulin or, more recently, thyroperoxidase. " 10/01/1999 - "In our investigations, we have shown directly that T cells from humans with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis proliferate in the presence of iodinated but not in the presence of noniodinated human thyroglobulin. " 08/01/1984 - "Here, circulating 5/9+ and 5/9- T lymphocytes were isolated from patients with Hashimoto's disease, and the proliferative response induced by human thyroglobulin was investigated. " 10/01/1979 - "The relative number of thyroglobulin-binding circulating lymphocytes was elevated in six subjects with Hashimoto's disease. " 05/21/1960 - "Human foetal thyroglobulin with particular reference to the aetiology of Hashimoto's disease."
4.	Thyrotropin Receptors (Thyrotropin Receptor)IBA 04/01/1998 - "TSH receptor Abs were detected by bioassay in 10 (91%) of 11 patients with active Graves disease but in 0 of 2 patients in remission, 0 of 13 normal members of the control group, and 0 of 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis including 1 with thyrotoxicosis. " 12/01/2009 - "TSH receptor (TSHR) blocking antibodies (Abs) inhibit TSH-induced thyroid growth and function in some adults with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), but their role in the pediatric age range is unknown. " 12/01/2009 - "Prevalence and functional significance of thyrotropin receptor blocking antibodies in children and adolescents with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis." 05/01/1986 - "The assay detected TSH receptor antibodies in 81 of 85 patients (95%) with untreated Graves' disease, no patients with Graves' disease in remission, and 7 of 57 patients (12%) with Hashimoto's disease. " 11/01/2015 - "In Hashimoto disease thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are detected in some patients, but not in goiter. "
5.	Factor IX (PTC)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2015 - "GWAS-identified SNPs affect the individual predisposition to PTC without interacting with existing Hashimoto thyroiditis and BTT lesions. " 11/01/2013 - "The BRAF mutation was differentially detected in each histologic subtype of PTC and was strongly correlated with pathologic factors, most strongly with no coexistent chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, in conventional PTC. " 01/01/2013 - "Of interest, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) also increased, preceding the increase of PTC by 5-6 years. " 01/01/2012 - "MIR141 Expression Differentiates Hashimoto Thyroiditis from PTC and Benign Thyrocytes in Irish Archival Thyroid Tissues." 08/01/2011 - "Thyroid gland: TSH mediates increased risk of PTC in Hashimoto thyroiditis."
6.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "31 euthyroid women treated with levothyroxine (L-T4) due to Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and 26 females in euthyroidism without L-T4 replacement therapy were enrolled in the study. " 01/01/2010 - "In 30.1% (n=20) of them the diagnosis of Hashimoto disease had been established from 1 to 8 years prior to the trial, levothyroxine was administered and euthyreosis was observed. " 01/01/1998 - "This study investigated the effectiveness of L-thyroxine management in 32 patients (mean age 11 years and 2 months; M:F = 1:5) with Hashimoto's disease followed annually for 3 years. " 07/01/2015 - "Pulsatility index in carotid arteries is increased in levothyroxine-treated Hashimoto disease." 01/01/2015 - "Levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment of euthyroid children with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a controversial issue. "
7.	HormonesIBA 10/01/1997 - "Therefore, scintigraphy, ultrasonography and serum thyroid hormone estimation alone may not be helpful for the final diagnosis of Hashimoto's disease. " 10/01/2011 - "Subjects were adults aged ≤ 60 yr, predominantly female, with sinus rhythm; exclusion criteria were cardiovascular or thyroid disorder besides DTC (Hashimoto thyroiditis) in acute (chronic) HYPO patients or medication (besides thyroid hormone) affecting cardiac or thyroid function. " 08/01/2009 - "The D2-Thr92Ala polymorphism is not associated with thyroid hormone levels or T4 dose in patients treated for DTC or Hashimoto thyroiditis." 05/01/2009 - "Furthermore, the casual association of TSH-As with Hashimoto thyroiditis may led to an adjunctive delay in diagnosis, because of low thyroid hormone levels." 04/01/1994 - "The effect of thyroid hormone treatment on thyromegaly was evaluated in 69 patients < or = 18 years of age with goitrous Hashimoto disease. "
8.	Iodide Peroxidase (Deiodinase)IBA 08/01/2009 - "Thr92Ala polymorphism in the type 2 deiodinase is not associated with T4 dose in athyroid patients or patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis." 08/01/2014 - "Associations were considered in all women, then separately in women with high (≥ 9 IU/mL) vs normal (<9 IU/mL) levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), a marker of autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's disease). " 01/01/2013 - "The radio-isotope thyroid scan revealed thyroiditis, and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was significantly high; hence, the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis was considered. " 02/16/2004 - "The most common cause of hypothyroidism in Australia is autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, characterised by raised circulating levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody. " 04/01/1998 - "In contrast, thyroid peroxidase Abs were detected in only 12 (71%) of 17 patients with Graves disease but in 11 of 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and in 0 of 17 members of the control group. "
9.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 01/01/2015 - "Since recent reports suggest that Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) may be associated with IgG4-related disease, we aimed to find out whether the measurement of serum IgG4 allows for the identification of distinct types of HT, with different clinical, sonographic, and serologic characteristics. " 03/01/2014 - "Serum levels of IgG and IgG4 in Hashimoto thyroiditis." 08/01/2012 - "Fibrosing variant of Hashimoto thyroiditis is an IgG4 related disease." 08/01/1989 - "Both titre and affinity of IgG3 and IgG2 anti-Tg were generally low but in some Hashimoto's disease patients high-affinity IgG2 anti-Tg were found and IgG2 anti-Tg, unlike those of other subclasses, showed very restricted heterogeneity. " 03/01/2014 - "We screened serum total IgG levels in the patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) to illustrate the prevalence of IgG4-related thyroiditis in HT. "
10.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 01/01/2015 - "However, the increases in nasal and total symptoms were significantly greater in those with co-existent Hashimoto's disease, compared with those without this condition (p values 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). " 05/01/2014 - "We suggest that the co-occurrence of MRS and Hashimoto thyroiditis is not coincidental but linked to autoimmunity." 05/01/2013 - "The co-occurrence of Hashimoto thyroiditis in primary Sjogren's syndrome defines a subset of patients with milder clinical phenotype." 11/09/2005 - "There is a significant co-occurrence in patients with MS and Graves' disease, and a trend to co-occurrence in patients with MS and Hashimoto's disease. " 11/09/2005 - "A significant co-occurrence of Graves' disease with MS (p = 0.002), and a non-significant co-occurrence of Hashimoto's disease were noted (p = 0.097). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thyroidectomy 11/01/1988 - "Twenty-one cases were selected from 236 thyroidectomies with a diagnosis of Hashimoto's disease for detailed clinicopathologic study on the basis of "early" changes in three cases and an unusually heavy lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in 18 cases. " 01/01/2015 - "The highest incidence was in Hashimoto thyroiditis (22.7%, χ(2) = 10.80, p < 0.001); and in patients with total/near-total thyroidectomy (17.7%, χ(2) = 7.05, p < 0.008). " 03/01/2014 - "In our opinion, primary total thyroidectomy should be performed as the procedure of choice for the most part of preoperatively diagnosed benign thyroid pathology and particularly for multinodular goitre and Hashimoto thyroiditis,in order to radically resect all possible foci of aggressive thyroid microcarcinomas.Abbreviations" 12/01/2012 - "Is thyroidectomy in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis more risky?" 05/01/2011 - "Risk factors for inadvertent parathyroid resection included total thyroidectomy (P=.0001), Hashimoto thyroiditis (P=.004), and extrathyroidal spread (P=.0003). "
2.	Radiotherapy 07/01/2012 - "This report presents a case of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in the setting of Sjögren syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis treated with primary involved-field radiotherapy. " 01/01/2012 - "In this study, the importance of FNAB in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules in childhood has been observed, and risk factors, such as history of familial thyroid carcinoma, radiotherapy to the neck at younger ages, suspicious cytological findings, and increased nodular sizes during follow-up in cases with Hashimoto thyroiditis have been correlated with increased thyroid carcinoma malignancy risk."
3.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2009 - "We report a case of a minute focus of primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZBCL), incidentally discovered in a 63-year-old man with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and diagnosed by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after laser capture microdissection.The" 01/01/2009 - "A minute focus of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma arising in Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosed with PCR after laser capture microdissection: a case report." 10/01/2001 - "The objective of this study was to examine expression of the cellular adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, in various thyroid tumor types and Hashimoto thyroiditis in the context of ret/PTC-1 positivity by using laser capture microdissection and TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/2001 - "Further investigation concerning the mechanisms involved and the possible effects of antibacterial chemotherapy on the outcome of Hashimoto's disease is warranted." 01/01/2010 - "1. Cranial irradiation and chemotherapy, encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto disease and some of the syndromes with the chromosomal and genetic background are the causes of non-structural CNS abnormalities and coincidence of endocrinopathies, epilepsy and psychoneurologic disorders. " 10/01/2002 - "For example, consider the milestones of development, such as puberty or menopause, the unique differences in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases and disorders (Sjögren's syndrome, Hashimoto's disease), differences in the onset and progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, differences in response to radiation and chemotherapy, and the differences in chronic facial pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia. "
5.	Thymectomy 02/01/1991 - "[A case report of extended thymectomy in an elderly patient with myasthenia gravis associated with Hashimoto's disease]." 12/01/1964 - "IMMUNOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS WITH A REPORT OF HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE DEVELOPING AFTER THYMECTOMY."