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Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors (Loop Diuretics)

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Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of the LOOP OF HENLE and KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA.

Also Known As:

Loop Diuretics; High Ceiling Diuretics; Bumetanide Sensitive Na-K-Cl-Transporter Inhibitors; Na-K-CL Symporter Inhibitors; Sodium Potassium Chloride Cotransporter Inhibitors; Bumetanide Sensitive Na K Cl Transporter Inhibitors; Ceiling Diuretics, High; Diuretics, High Ceiling; Diuretics, Loop; Inhibitors, Na-K-CL Symporter; Na K CL Symporter Inhibitors; Symporter Inhibitors, Na-K-CL

Networked: 598 relevant articles (53 outcomes, 50 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Chemical Actions and Uses
- Pharmacologic Actions: 56
  - Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action: 7
    - Membrane Transport Modulators
      - Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors: 598

Experts

1.	Felker, G Michael: 10 articles (11/2014 - 01/2009)
2.	O'Connor, Christopher M: 7 articles (03/2015 - 10/2007)
3.	Cleland, John G F: 5 articles (03/2015 - 06/2005)
4.	Hernandez, Adrian F: 5 articles (03/2015 - 11/2010)
5.	Goldsmith, Steven R: 5 articles (12/2011 - 05/2005)
6.	Voors, Adriaan A: 4 articles (10/2015 - 11/2014)
7.	Fonarow, Gregg C: 4 articles (09/2015 - 06/2006)
8.	Tang, W H Wilson: 4 articles (03/2015 - 06/2013)
9.	Mentz, Robert J: 4 articles (03/2015 - 06/2012)
10.	Ruocco, Gaetano: 4 articles (02/2015 - 01/2014)

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure 08/01/2005 - "Loop diuretics are beneficial in heart failure in the short term because they eliminate fluid retention, but in the long-term, they could adversely influence prognosis due to activation of neurohumoral mechanisms. " 08/01/2013 - "Despite widespread use of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure (HF) to achieve decongestion and relief of symptoms, as recommended by the current guidelines, there is uncertainty as to their long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety. " 06/01/2010 - "Because results of clinical trials in the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) setting have been mostly neutral, loop diuretics remain the mainstay of treatment. " 01/01/1993 - "The undoubted and widely accepted efficacy of the loop diuretics in all the heart failure syndromes have presented a formidable ethical obstacle to their formal testing in terms of improvement in exercise capacity and reduction of mortality risk. " 09/01/2015 - "The AVOID-HF trial's principal aim is to compare the safety and efficacy of ultrafiltration vs that of intravenous loop diuretics in patients hospitalized with acutely decompensated heart failure. "
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 01/01/1999 - "Thus, loop diuretics are the best treatment for uremic hypertension. " 01/01/2015 - "Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension." 05/01/2014 - "Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension." 01/01/2012 - "Blood pressure lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension." 01/01/2009 - "Blood pressure lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension."
3.	Renal Insufficiency (Renal Failure) 06/01/2013 - "In patients with renal insufficiency, loop diuretics are administered. " 06/01/2008 - "Loop diuretics can convert an oliguric renal failure to non-oliguric renal failure without affecting outcome of the disease though the conversion reduces the risk of volume overload. " 01/01/1994 - "Tubular secretion of loop diuretics in renal failure is impaired both by reduced renal blood flow and by reduced activity of the tubular carrier system. " 01/01/1994 - "Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of loop diuretics in renal failure." 01/01/1993 - "In patients with renal insufficiency, response to remaining nephrons is normal as has been observed with other loop diuretics. "
4.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) 11/01/2007 - "Loop diuretics were not associated with improved survival benefit in acute renal failure, despite reduction in oliguric period and high probability of a significant reduction in dialysis numbers. " 03/02/2011 - "Experimental models in animals revealed protective effects of loop diuretics in acute renal failure. " 11/01/2007 - "The efficacy of loop diuretics in acute renal failure: assessment using Bayesian evidence synthesis techniques." 03/01/2001 - "We report the results of a study designed to measure [Ca](i) in platelets from patients with acute renal failure (ARF) before and after the administration of loop diuretics. " 12/01/1997 - "Studies on the role of loop diuretics in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) are largely retrospective, anecdotal, and poorly controlled. "
5.	Edema 01/01/2007 - "Administration of levothyroxin partially relieved the edema, but loop diuretics were continued because the edema was not completely diminished. " 01/01/2007 - "Loop diuretics prescribed by his family doctor were effective for relieving the edema at first, but the edema was not resolved. " 04/01/2015 - "This study included 11 patients with type 2 DKD and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) who were suffering from severe edema even with loop diuretics. " 05/01/2004 - "Food significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of oral loop diuretics in healthy individuals, but studies have not been performed in patients with edema. " 06/01/1998 - "Loop diuretics were used for ankle edema in 27 patients (8.0%) and for unknown reasons in another 27 patients (8.0%). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Thiazides
2.	Diuretics
3.	Sodium
4.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)
5.	Bumetanide (Bumex)
6.	Potassium
7.	Dopamine (Intropin)
8.	Furosemide (Lasix)
9.	Spironolactone (Aldactone)
10.	Carbon Monoxide

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intravenous Infusions
2.	Parenteral Nutrition
3.	Fluid Therapy (Oral Rehydration Therapy)
4.	Sodium-Restricted Diet (Diet, Sodium Restricted)
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)