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ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

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A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE.

Also Known As:

ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma; ACTH Producing Pituitary Adenoma; ACTH Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenomas; ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas; Adenoma, Corticotroph; Adenomas, Corticotroph; Corticotroph Adenomas; Corticotropin-Secreting Adenoma, Pituitary; Corticotropin-Secreting Adenomas, Pituitary; Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH Secreting; Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH-Producing; Pituitary Adenomas, ACTH-Producing; Pituitary Adenomas, ACTH-Secreting; Pituitary Corticotropin Secreting Adenoma; Pituitary Corticotropin-Secreting Adenomas; Corticotroph Adenoma; Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH-Secreting; Pituitary Corticotropin-Secreting Adenoma

Networked: 315 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 26 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Adenoma (Adenomas)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Hypopituitarism (Sheehan's Syndrome)
4.	Pituitary Neoplasms (Pituitary Adenoma)
5.	Cushing Syndrome

Experts

1.	Yamada, Shozo: 10 articles (02/2016 - 01/2005)
2.	Lamberts, S W J: 7 articles (12/2013 - 01/2005)
3.	Hofland, Leo J: 7 articles (06/2013 - 01/2004)
4.	Kovacs, Kalman: 6 articles (07/2015 - 10/2002)
5.	Hofland, L J: 6 articles (12/2013 - 01/2005)
6.	Inoshita, Naoko: 5 articles (02/2016 - 12/2007)
7.	Zatelli, Maria Chiara: 5 articles (01/2016 - 10/2010)
8.	Meij, B P: 5 articles (05/2015 - 04/2008)
9.	Oki, Yutaka: 5 articles (01/2015 - 11/2004)
10.	Feelders, R A: 5 articles (12/2013 - 10/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma:

1.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 10/01/2002 - "As evidenced by a long-term hormonal and clinical remission, these changes in plasma ACTH levels in all patients were accompanied by a complete removal of the ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma. " 02/01/2015 - "A transsphenoidal approach to resection of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma is the first-line treatment. " 01/01/2007 - "In this study, we hypothesized that PC1/3 expression differs between Cushing's disease (CD) and silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA), and investigated whether PC1/3 expression is involved in the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) silence of SCA. " 08/01/2015 - "Cushing's disease is primarily caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenomas. " 07/01/2015 - "CD is caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary corticotroph adenoma and is associated with significant morbidity in children; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are critical for optimal therapeutic outcome. "
2.	HormonesIBA 07/01/1991 - "Changes in hormone production of a recurrent silent corticotroph adenoma of the pituitary: a histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and tissue culture study." 01/01/2005 - "Super-selective cavernous sinus sampling with hypothalamic stimulating hormone administration can provide accurate localization of the responsible lesion in patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma." 01/01/2005 - "Diagnostic value of super-selective bilateral cavernous sinus sampling with hypothalamic stimulating hormone loading in patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma." 08/01/2007 - "Radiotherapy is effective in the long-term tumour- and hormone hypersecretion control of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, however with a high prevalence of hypopituitarism. " 05/01/2009 - "To shed light on its presence in the normal human pituitary and in adenomas, a detailed immunohistochemical study of 130 surgically removed human pituitary adenomas was undertaken, including 23 somatotroph, 32 lactotroph, 19 functional corticotroph, 10 silent subtype 1 and 8 silent subtype 2 corticotroph adenomas, 12 gonadotroph hormone producing, 10 thyrotroph, 7 silent subtype 3 adenomas, and 9 null cell adenomas, 5 of the latter being of oncocytic type. "
3.	Dopamine Receptors (Dopamine Receptor)IBA 06/01/2010 - "The expression of dopamine receptor subtypes has been reported in corticotroph adenomas, and this finding support the possibility for medical treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) with dopamine agonists when conventional treatment has failed. " 06/01/2009 - "In Cushing's disease, corticotroph adenomas mainly express dopamine receptor subtype 2 (D(2)) and somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (sst(5)), whereas sst(2) is expressed at lower levels. " 01/01/2009 - "This study was aimed to determine whether somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype (1-5) and dopamine receptor type 2 (D2R) are differentially expressed in pituitary tumors causing Cushing's disease (CD), silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA), and non-functioning pituitary tumor (NFT). " 09/01/2008 - "In conclusion, canine corticotroph adenomas provide an interesting model to study CD, but differences in somatostatin and dopamine receptor expression between humans and dogs should be taken into account when using dogs with CD as a model to evaluate efficacy of novel somatostatin analogs and dopamine agonists for human CD." 02/01/2013 - "Recent studies demonstrate that somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (sst(5)) and dopamine receptor subtype 2 (D(2)) are frequently (co-)expressed by corticotroph adenomas. "
4.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 01/01/2009 - "In a recent study, we found that dopamine (DA) D(2) and somatostatin (SS) receptor subtypes are well expressed in canine corticotroph adenomas, but there are some distinct differences compared with the expression profile observed in human CD. " 01/01/2015 - "This is a novel multireceptor ligand somatostatin (SST) analog with a high binding affinity for SST receptor 5, the predominant receptor in human corticotroph adenomas that is not downregulated by high cortisol levels (as SST receptor 2 is). " 08/01/2005 - "In a series of human corticotroph adenomas, we recently found predominant mRNA expression of somatostatin (SS) receptor subtype 5 (sst5). " 09/01/2008 - "In conclusion, canine corticotroph adenomas provide an interesting model to study CD, but differences in somatostatin and dopamine receptor expression between humans and dogs should be taken into account when using dogs with CD as a model to evaluate efficacy of novel somatostatin analogs and dopamine agonists for human CD." 05/01/2013 - "Pasireotide has a receptor binding profile that is distinct from that of other somatostatin analogues, binding with high affinity to somatostatin receptor subtype 5, which is strongly over expressed in corticotroph adenoma cells. "
5.	ProlactinIBA 08/01/2010 - "[Mixed prolactin- and ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma]." 10/01/2008 - "Five normal human pituitaries and 17 clinically nonfunctioning, 11 GH-secreting, seven prolactin-secreting, and six ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas were used. " 12/01/1997 - "The receptor was also transcribed in some prolactin-secreting adenomas and non-functioning adenomas, and, more strikingly, in all 18 ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas studied. " 09/01/2012 - "Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (CNFPAs) consist of several histological subtypes, including null cell adenoma (NCA), silent gonadotroph cell adenoma (SGA), silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA), and other silent adenomas (OSA) (i.e., GH, TSH, and prolactin adenomas). " 04/01/1985 - "To characterize the functional aspect of prolactin (Prl) cells coexisting with corticotroph adenomas, pituitary adenoma cells obtained from a patient with Cushing's disease and a patient with Nelson's syndrome, who were associated with hyperprolactinaemia, were cultured in monolayer and their Prl responses to various secretagogues were compared with those of prolactinoma cells in culture. "
6.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 08/01/2012 - "Thirteen percent of the cases presented with acromegaly secondary to double adenoma (silent corticotroph adenoma and growth hormone adenoma) and 13 % presented with pituitary tumor apoplexy. " 09/01/2008 - "Here, we investigated the endocrine outcome of the patients with growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma treated by EETSA. " 09/01/1997 - "The functioning tumors included 19 somatotroph, 17 lactotroph, 9 mixed growth hormone/prolactin-producing, 2 thyrotroph, and 16 corticotroph adenomas. " 09/01/2007 - "Though AIP mutation-positive individuals with prolactin-, mixed growth hormone/prolactin-, and ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas as well as non-secreting pituitary adenomas have been reported, most mutation-positive patients have had growth hormone-producing adenomas diagnosed at relatively young age. " 09/30/1995 - "Seventy patients suffered from nonfunctional pituitary adenoma, 50 patients suffered from growth-hormone producing adenomas, 11 had prolactinomas, and 7 patients had adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) producing pituitary adenomas. "
7.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 01/01/2015 - "A characteristic biochemical feature of corticotroph adenomas is their relative resistance to suppressive negative feedback by glucocorticoids. " 01/01/2009 - "A characteristic biochemical feature of corticotroph adenomas is their relative resistance to negative feedback by glucocorticoids. " 01/01/2009 - "Our results may help to understand the increased ACTH production and the resistance to negative feedback suppression by glucocorticoids in canine corticotroph adenomas. " 01/01/2009 - "In this study, we examined gene expression related to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production and secretion, and the negative feedback by glucocorticoids in canine corticotroph adenoma. " 09/01/2007 - "Cushing's disease is caused by corticotroph adenomas that produce excess ACTH as a result of resistance to glucocorticoids (Gc). "
8.	Dopamine Agonists (Dopamine Agonist)IBA 06/01/2010 - "The expression of dopamine receptor subtypes has been reported in corticotroph adenomas, and this finding support the possibility for medical treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) with dopamine agonists when conventional treatment has failed. " 12/01/2011 - "In decreasing order, lower scores were encountered in ACTH adenomas in Cushing disease, silent subtype 3 adenomas, untreated GH adenomas, silent corticotroph adenomas of subtypes 1 and 2, dopamine agonist-treated PRL adenomas, ACTH adenomas in Nelson syndrome, and gonadotroph adenomas. " 09/01/2008 - "In conclusion, canine corticotroph adenomas provide an interesting model to study CD, but differences in somatostatin and dopamine receptor expression between humans and dogs should be taken into account when using dogs with CD as a model to evaluate efficacy of novel somatostatin analogs and dopamine agonists for human CD." 11/01/1985 - "A group of cases due to corticotroph adenoma has been reported whose excessive ACTH secretion is reduced by treatment with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine, in which it is suggested that the tumour cells arise from a subset of corticotrophs of pars intermedia origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)" 09/01/2008 - "The recent demonstration of expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes (mainly sst5) and dopamine receptor subtype 2 (D2) in human corticotroph adenomas offers the possibility for medical treatment of CD with novel somatostatin analogs and dopamine agonists. "
9.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "It has also been shown that octreotide could be effective in TSH secreting pituitary adenoma, ACTH secreting adenoma as well as in non-secretory pituitary tumours. " 12/01/2013 - "Whether sustained normocortisolism induced by medical therapy induces re-expression of functional sst₂ protein in corticotroph adenomas and whether this increases the ACTH-lowering potency of octreotide remains to be established." 01/01/2004 - "While in vitro data demonstrate the presence of SRIF-receptor subtype (sst) expression in corticotroph adenomas, the current clinically available SRIF-analog Octreotide, predominantly targeting sst(2), is ineffective in lowering ACTH levels in Cushing's disease and only appears to inhibit the release of ACTH in Nelson's syndrome. " 12/01/2013 - "We evaluated receptor mRNA and protein expression levels and effects of octreotide, pasireotide, and cabergoline on ACTH secretion by cultured human corticotroph adenoma cells. " 12/01/2013 - "In responders, octreotide (n = 2 out of 4; -30.5% ± 10.4%) was less potent than pasireotide (n = 5 out of 6; -47.0% ± 4.2%) and cabergoline (n = 3 out of 4; -41.9% ± 3.1%) with respect to inhibition of ACTH secretion by adenomas from group 2. After achieving normocortisolism induced by medical therapy, cortisol-mediated sst₂ downregulation on corticotroph adenomas appears to be a reversible process at the mRNA but not at the protein level. "
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 01/01/2000 - "This study was designed to analyze the sequence and the expression of CRF-BP mRNA in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. " 12/01/2014 - "IGFBP6 mRNA and protein expression were both decreased in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, compared to adjacent non-tumorous pituitary tissues (P < 0.01). " 08/01/2014 - "P8 and MEG3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in nonfunctioning and corticotroph adenomas compared with normal pituitary. " 12/01/2013 - "There were no statistically significant differences in sst₅ and D₂R mRNA expression or in sst₂, sst₅, and D₂R protein expression between both groups of corticotroph adenomas. " 01/01/2009 - "GR mRNA levels did not differ between corticotroph adenoma and normal corticotrophic cells. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Radiotherapy 09/01/2014 - "A 29-year-old man was referred for radiotherapy for a residual and recurrent, invasive corticotroph adenoma. " 10/01/2009 - "In contrast to ordinary corticotroph adenomas, CCAs are generally aggressive and present as invasive macroadenomas, which are refractory to both surgery and radiotherapy and have a high-recurrence rate. " 11/01/2003 - "Transcranial epidural approach is an alternative to radiotherapy and/or prolonged medication in the treatment of invasive GH- or ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas." 01/01/2003 - "Two of the patients with silent corticotroph adenomas have suffered multiple recurrences; one patient has had three operations and two courses of radiotherapy for two episodes of recurrence and one patient has had four operations, two courses of radiotherapy and gamma knife therapy after three recurrences in total. " 01/01/1995 - "Three patients with pituitary adenomas (ACTH-secreting, non-secretory, and multi-secretory) with unfavorable course, in spite of repeated microsurgery, drug therapy, as well as radiotherapy and radiosurgery, are presented. "
2.	Brachytherapy 01/01/2002 - "Conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy, and brachytherapy with Yttrium-90 (Y 90) and Gold-198 (Au 198) have been used successfully to treat ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas in specialized centers. "
3.	Adrenalectomy 05/01/2013 - "Nelson's syndrome refers to aggressive pituitary corticotroph adenoma growth after bilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of Cushing's disease (CD). " 01/01/2009 - "Progression of an aggressive corticotroph adenoma was evident 3 years post-adrenalectomy; involvement of the clivus was treated with surgery and gamma knife radiosurgery. " 11/01/2002 - "Eleven patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas after bilateral adrenalectomy underwent radiosurgery between 1990 and 1999. " 11/01/2002 - "Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas after prior adrenalectomy." 11/01/2002 - "Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas after prior adrenalectomy."
4.	Hypophysectomy 01/01/2009 - "Canine CD may therefore serve as an animal model for human CD, especially since therapeutic canine hypophysectomy can generate substantial amounts of primary corticotroph adenoma tissue for in vitro research purposes. " 07/01/1987 - "ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells were cultured from specimens obtained by transphenoidal hypophysectomy in five patients with Cushing's disease. " 03/01/2004 - "The first patient, (38 years of age), was with the nodes on forearms and lower legs, which occurred one month after hypophysectomy for adrenocorticoscopic (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma, and showed histopathologically confirmed epithelioid, noncaseating granulomas in the subcutaneous fat tissue. " 07/01/1998 - "Pituitary adenoma tissue was obtained from a random selection of 32 patients with somatotrophadenomas, 16 patients with corticotroph adenomas, 39 patients with endocrinologically inactive adenomas and nine patients with macroprolactinomas undergoing transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. " 09/01/2008 - "Therefore, we investigated the expression and functional role of D2 and somatostatin receptors in corticotroph adenoma cells from 13 dogs with active CD that underwent therapeutic hypophysectomy and normal anterior pituitary cells from five dogs. "
5.	Colonic Pouches (S Pouch) 10/01/2014 - "Ectopic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas can occur not only along the developmental route of Rathke's pouch, but other aberrant locations giving a clinical and biochemical picture identical to Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. "