Decapitation

05/01/1993 - "The animals were killed at 24 h by decapitation, and one brain hemisphere was quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen for organic osmolyte determinations. "
07/01/1992 - "The panel further recommended that if decapitation was scientifically necessary, the decapitated head be immediately immersed in liquid nitrogen. "
03/01/1992 - "However, immersion of whole heads in liquid nitrogen after decapitation decreased the time to 25 s. "
10/01/1990 - "Immediately after decapitation the pulp was immersed in liquid nitrogen. "
01/01/1989 - "The whole animal (control) and the severed head were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen 0, 10, 30, 60 s after decapitation. "

02/01/1996 - "Of the 6 brain regions studied, adenosine levels (pmol/mg protein) ranged from 10 in cerebral cortex to 170 in cerebellum of rats killed using 10 kW microwave irradiation and, for comparison, ranged from 840 in cerebral cortex to 2498 in striatum of rats killed by decapitation. "
07/01/1982 - "In contrast, there was an increase of adenosine in hippocampus, frontal cortex, and especially striatum of animals killed by decapitation. "
06/01/2001 - "Decapitation ischemia reduced brain adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentration rapidly. "
10/01/1988 - "The rank order for best results in measuring adenosine content with the various methods of sacrifice was: focused microwave irradiation greater than decapitation into liquid nitrogen greater than immersion into liquid nitrogen greater than decapitation. "
06/01/2001 - "In a second study, brain concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate after various durations of decapitation ischemia were determined, and the effect of ranitidine was evaluated. "

01/01/1982 - "In complete ischemia by decapitation, PGI2 at doses from 50 to 500 micrograms/kg significantly prolonged the gasping movements (from 7.8% to 20.6%). "
01/01/1989 - "The cerebroprotective effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied using the following methods: hypobaric hypoxia in mice, anoxic hypoxia in mice, complete ischemia by decapitation in mice, hypoventilation hypoxia in cats, and hypovolemic hypoxia in cats. "
01/01/1982 - "The anti-hypoxic effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied using the following methods: hypoventilation hypoxia and hypovolemic oligemia in cats and hypobaric hypoxia and complete ischemia by decapitation in mice. "
08/01/1987 - "In hypobaric hypoxia and complete ischemia by decapitation the interaction of nicergoline with the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) was investigated. "
07/01/1984 - "In hypobaric hypoxia, anoxic hypoxia, and complete ischemia by decapitation the interaction of piracetam with the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) was investigated. "

05/03/1982 - "Furthermore, post-decapitation convulsions were eliminated in DSP-4 treated animals. "
04/01/2000 - "Analysis of post-decapitation convulsions (PDCs) indicated loss of the reflex by DSP4 pretreatment. "
06/27/2003 - "In the present study, the effect of DSP-4, a neurotoxin highly selective for LC projections, on D(2) receptor abundance as assessed by [3H]-raclopride binding in the striatum was studied in rats after administration in doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg either 3 days or 1 month before decapitation. "
10/01/1992 - "In order to clarify a possible interaction between CCK- and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the brain, DSP-4 [N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine], a neurotoxin that selectively destroys noradrenaline-containing nerve terminals originating from the locus coeruleus, was administered to rats IP (10 and 50 mg/kg) seven days before decapitation. "
09/15/1984 - "Mice injected with DSP-4 [N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine], a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin, had marked depletions of central noradrenaline and an attenuated post-decapitation reflex. "

01/01/2015 - "The FFAs were decreased by 15-44% in the group of animals euthanized by pentobarbital injection compared with CO2 inhalation or decapitation. "
06/26/1987 - "Following decapitation, the plasma, liver and brain concentrations of pentobarbital were measured with a gas chromatographic/mass fragmentographic method. "
06/01/1989 - "Under pentobarbital anesthesia, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were killed by decapitation following washout of the blood by trans-cardiac perfusion with cold physiological saline. "
07/01/1986 - "Ten minutes after an intravenous injection of HRP, 15 guinea pigs were killed and fixed by four different methods: cochleas fixed 3 minutes after decapitation, administration of an overdose of pentobarbital, cochleas fixed for 5 minutes before decapitation, and cochleas fixed immediately after decapitation. "
09/01/1992 - "120 male rats belonging to two different strains (Han: WIST, Han: SPRD) and two different weight groups (group I: lighter body weight, group II heavier body weight) were killed on three different methods (decapitation, Nembutal -overdose greater than 250 mg/kg b.w. "

07/01/1997 - "One week later, the rats were killed by decapitation and epididymal adipocytes were obtained for glucose metabolism evaluation. "
05/01/1994 - "In other tissues, the resonances from [1-13C]glucose were clearly detected even after the decapitation. "
06/01/1991 - "Tissue glucose content was varied by glucose injection and ischaemia was induced by decapitation. "
02/01/1990 - "The rate of glucose phosphorylation can be directly calculated from the rate of change in DG6P, the average levels of DG and glucose, and a constant derived from direct comparison of the rate of changes in glucose and DG6P after decapitation. "
06/01/1982 - "It was found that, when hypophysis and hypothalamus were removed as a result of decapitation of fetuses from normal or from diabetic pregnant rats on days 17.5-18.5 of development, their pancreas remained insensitive to glucose on 21.5 day. "

10/01/2011 - "We then showed that: 1) decapitation of mosquitoes after blood feeding inhibited hemocyte proliferation, 2) a single dose of insulin-like peptide 3 (ILP3) sufficient to stimulate egg production rescued proliferation, and 3) knockdown of the AaMIR inhibited ILP3 rescue activity. "
10/01/1994 - "When blood was collected by decapitation from normal rats, the subsequently prepared plasma (12.5% to 50%) profoundly inhibited insulin release from rat isolated islets. "
01/01/1989 - "In the group of rats treated with 1.0 unit of insulin 10 min. before decapitation, a statistically significant increase in the BUI was observed. "
01/01/1989 - "Pretreatment of the animals with the higher doses of insulin (0.6 or 1.0, but not 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 units per rat, 3 or 10 min. before decapitation) resulted in higher values for the BUI of AZT in most individual animals. "
09/01/1987 - "The data thus obtained were compared with insulin degradation in control (C) rats which were killed by decapitation in the animal room. "

01/01/1989 - "Ovaries from 10- to 18-day-old chick embryos hypophysectomized by partial decapitation were cultured in vitro and their estradiol secretion was compared to that of ovaries from control embryos. "
07/01/1991 - "Effect of partial decapitation (hypophysectomy) on 17 beta-estradiol secretion by the chick embryo ovary."
07/01/2009 - "One hundred new-born male SD rat pups were assigned to an experimental group, subcutaneously injected with 25 microg Estradiol + 25 microl corn oil vehicle, and a control group, given corn oil alone, on postnatal day (PD) 0, 1, 3 and 5. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and their prostates removed on PD 1, 6, 10, 20 and 30. "
10/01/2001 - "At 1600 hr, all of the animals were killed by decapitation, and blood and ovaries were collected for measurement of serum pregnenolone and estradiol and for ovarian StAR gene and protein expression. "
04/01/2000 - "GnRHa administration 3 or 4 weeks before decapitation also significantly decreased serum estradiol concentrations, but did not increase pineal secretion of melatonin. "

04/01/1982 - "The ontogeny of the post-decapitation reflex (PDR) was examined in neonatal systemic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated rats. "
11/09/1979 - "However, lesions of the dorsal and ventral NE bundle by treatment with 6-OHDA, which caused a marked decrease in the NE content of the cortex and hypothalamus, respectively, did not affect the decapitation convulsion. "
11/09/1979 - "Chemical lesion of the descending bundle from the LC by treatment with 6-OHDA significantly inhibited decapitation convulsions in a similar manner. "
10/01/1978 - "Ontogeny of the post-decapitation convulsion in the rat: effects of neonatal systemic 6-hydroxydopamine."
02/11/1977 - "Correlation between central catecholamine level and post-decapitation convulsion in rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine."

01/01/1996 - "Ovx rats were either decapitated or injected subcutaneously with progesterone, or oil for 3 days before decapitation. "
11/01/1989 - "progesterone (P, 1 mg) 6 h prior to decapitation. "
09/01/1983 - "Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were injected with estrogen and progesterone (EP) 48 hr before decapitation. "
05/20/1981 - "D-DSP or immediate pseudopregnancy (I-PSP) was induced by vaginal stimulation (VS) given at 14:00 on diestrus 2. Blood for prolactin and progesterone analyses was obtained by decapitation performed every 2 hours between 13:00 on diestrus 2 and 13:00 on proestrus of the estrous cycle and during the corresponding stages of PSP. "
01/09/1989 - "In order to further explore this question, ovariectomized adult rats were submitted to estradiol (E2) or vehicle injections during 3 days and, at the third day, were also submitted to a single injection of progesterone (P) or vehicle at 4, 10, 24 and 32 h before decapitation. "

07/01/2014 - "At the end of the 14 day trial period, animals were sacrificed by decapitation under anesthesia. "
07/01/2015 - "At 25 days of life, after anesthesia, perfusion and decapitation, the mandibles were removed. "
12/01/2009 - "To determine the circadian rhythms, plasma samples from thirty rats were collected by non-anesthesia (decapitation) at six time points every fourth hour. "
02/28/2000 - "In Fischer rats, AMPT-induced locomotion was increased by C-section under maternal anesthesia but decreased by C-section after maternal decapitation, compared with vaginal birth. "
08/01/1994 - "These data suggest that CO2-induced anesthesia prior to decapitation does not alter activities of these cholinergic markers in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. "

05/01/2005 - "These results suggest that it is critical to avoid anaesthetizing experimental animals and that decapitation is the preferred method for euthanasia when conducting neurochemical studies."
12/27/2012 - "The PD was induced and 7 days after the lesion, the animals underwent a rotational test and euthanasia by decapitation. "
01/01/2011 - "It is likely that consciousness vanishes within seconds after decapitation, implying that decapitation is a quick and not an inhumane method of euthanasia. "
01/01/2011 - "The question whether decapitation is a humane method of euthanasia in awake animals is being debated. "
03/01/1995 - "Is decapitation a humane method of euthanasia in rodents? "

11/01/2006 - "Hypophysectomy (Hx) was performed by the partial decapitation technique. "
03/01/2005 - "Hypophysectomy was performed by the partial decapitation technique. "
01/01/2003 - "Initial comparisons were made with published results based on hypophysectomy by decapitation, evaluated without access to surgical controls. "
01/01/2003 - "A detailed description is given of a surgical technique for selectively removing the pituitary anlage from the intrauterine fetal rat as an alternative to the more generally applied fetal hypophysectomy by decapitation. "
01/01/2003 - "Selective fetal hypophysectomy in utero: microsurgical technique and comparisons with hypophysectomy by decapitation."

03/01/1983 - "Transplants to beheaded animals demonstrate a substantial inhibition gradient even at 6 hr after decapitation, a time at which most of the inhibitor from the original head should have decayed and no substantial amount of inhibitor is expected from the regenerated head. "
12/01/1993 - "In normal regenerates, the wound opening closed and healed in 4 to 5 hr, while in mirror-image grafts it healed in about 1 hr. The percentage of head regeneration was lower in mirror-image grafts than that after decapitation. "
03/01/1987 - "In order to study this possibility, female rats bearing an anterior pituitary gland, from a litter-mate donor, under the right kidney capsule since day 30 of life and their sham-operated controls were sacrificed by decapitation 45 days after the transplant operation. "
06/01/2000 - "Auxin inhibition of decapitation-induced branching is dependent on graft-transmissible signals regulated by genes Rms1 and Rms2."

03/01/2002 - "Four weeks after transplantation, the rats were OVX 2 weeks before decapitation. "
03/01/1977 - "Three weeks after transplantation, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and a significant increase in plasma prolactin was observed, which was accompanied by a highly significant increase in the weights of seminal vesicles, ventral and dorsal prostates, and adrenals. "
06/01/1999 - "Studies on the effects of decapitation, head transplantation, azadirachtin, and ecdysone therapy on the ultrastructural organization of the midgut of Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, show a distinct effect on the organization of the epithelial cells. "