Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly

A deformity of the SKULL that is not due to bone fusion (SYNOSTOSIS), such as craniosynostoses, and is characterized by an asymmetric skull and face. It is observed with an increased frequency in INFANTS after the adoption of supine sleeping recommendations to prevent SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME.

Also Known As:

Networked: 155 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 32 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
2.	Craniosynostoses (Craniosynostosis)
3.	Facial Asymmetry
4.	Synostosis
5.	Plagiocephaly

Experts

1.	Bauer, David F: 5 articles (11/2016 - 10/2013)
2.	Böhm, Hartmut: 4 articles (09/2020 - 07/2013)
3.	Kunz, Felix: 4 articles (09/2020 - 07/2013)
4.	Linz, Christian: 4 articles (09/2020 - 07/2013)
5.	Schweitzer, Tilmann: 4 articles (09/2020 - 07/2013)
6.	Stellzig-Eisenhauer, Angelika: 4 articles (09/2020 - 07/2013)
7.	Boere-Boonekamp, Magda M: 4 articles (01/2017 - 02/2007)
8.	van Vlimmeren, Leo A: 4 articles (01/2017 - 02/2007)
9.	Baird, Lissa C: 4 articles (11/2016 - 11/2016)
10.	Beier, Alexandra: 4 articles (11/2016 - 11/2016)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 03/01/2005 - "These results show that 14 of 15 children with recalcitrant IMT and positional plagiocephaly treated with botulinum toxin obtained sufficient improvement in neck range of motion and head position as to make surgical release of the muscle unnecessary. "
2.	mahuang-tangIBA 09/01/2014 - "The growing number of infants with deformational plagiocephaly (DP) has raised clinical questions about which children, at what age, and how molding helmet therapy (MHT) should be performed especially in Japan. " 01/01/2008 - "To evaluate quality of life (QOL) and parental satisfaction in children diagnosed and treated with molding helmet therapy (MHT) for positional plagiocephaly, a retrospective chart research was performed on 166 children who had visited the craniofacial outpatient clinic in the University Hospital of Maastricht between 2002 and 2003. " 01/01/2008 - "This study showed that MHT in children with severe positional plagiocephaly does not have long-term adverse effects on QOL. "
3.	N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid (NAT)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Background  The aim of this study was to assess deformational plagiocephaly's (DP) predictive value in neglect and physical abuse (nonaccidental trauma [NAT]) within the pediatric population. "
4.	PlasticsIBA 06/01/2022 - "Patients with deformational plagiocephaly are often referred for evaluation by a plastic surgeon. " 04/01/2010 - "Comparison of perceptions and treatment practices between neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons for infants with deformational plagiocephaly." 10/01/2005 - "Over the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in referrals to specialty clinics, craniofacial centers, plastic surgeons, and neurosurgeons for assessment and treatment of deformational plagiocephaly (DP). " 04/02/1999 - "10 infants with significant deformational plagiocephaly were treated with individual plastic helmets during the past 2 years and 4 other infants with plagiocephaly are currently being treated. "
5.	cyclopropapyrroloindoleIBA 06/01/2022 - "Both positional plagiocephaly and positional brachycephaly decrease significantly in prevalence and severity over time (P = 0.031 and P < 0.001, respectively), with average relative reductions of 194.5% in ODDI (P = 0.001) and of 878.4% in CPI (P < 0.001). " 01/01/2022 - "High correlation was found between CVAI and ODDI (r = 0.849; P < .01) in positional plagiocephaly and very high correlation between CI and CPI (r = 0.938; P < .01) in positional brachycephaly. " 01/01/2017 - "(1) if deformational plagiocephaly (ODDI <104%) and/or positional preference at 7 weeks of age are absent, normal skull shape can be predicted at 5 years of age; (2) if positional preference occurs, ODDI is the highest at 7 weeks and decreases to a stable lowest value at 2 and 5 years of age; and (3) regarding brachycephaly, all children showed the highest CPI at 6 months of age with a gradual decrease over time. "
6.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Excessive daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy is seen among mothers of positional plagiocephaly patients." 01/01/2012 - "To assess the relationship between high intake of folic acid and positional plagiocephaly. " 01/01/2012 - "Positional plagiocephaly and excessive folic acid intake during pregnancy." 01/01/2008 - "Periconceptional folic acid use and the prevalence of positional plagiocephaly."
7.	antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP)IBA 12/01/2004 - "Adding to a growing body of evidence, our findings suggest significant increases in clinical deformational plagiocephaly since initiation of the AAP's "Back to Sleep" campaign." 11/01/2005 - "The AAP also stresses the need to avoid redundant soft bedding and soft objects in the infant's sleeping environment, the hazards of adults sleeping with an infant in the same bed, the SIDS risk reduction associated with having infants sleep in the same room as adults and with using pacifiers at the time of sleep, the importance of educating secondary caregivers and neonatology practitioners on the importance of "back to sleep," and strategies to reduce the incidence of positional plagiocephaly associated with supine positioning. "
8.	Therapeutic UsesIBA 04/01/2016 - "-These results suggest that occipital angle measurements using sonography, combined with cephalometry, could provide a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of cranial molding helmet therapy in infants with deformational plagiocephaly."
9.	DiamondIBA 05/01/2007 - "The shape of the fontanelle is an additional useful clinical sign with which to discriminate between synostotic plagiocephaly (triangular fontanelle) and deformational plagiocephaly (diamond-shaped fontanelle), along with those previously described by Mulliken and Huang. "
10.	TeaIBA 09/01/2013 - "The prevalence of a positional preference of the head was 65.8% (79 of 120) at term-equivalent age (TEA) and 36.7% (44 of 120) at 3 months CA and that of deformational plagiocephaly was 30% (36 of 120) at TEA and 50% (60 of 120) at 3 months CA. At 6 months CA, 15.8% of the infants (19 of 120) scored ≥ 2 of a possible 6 on the asymmetry performance scale and 23.3% (28 of 120) had deformational plagiocephaly. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 06/01/2022 - "The long-term effects of therapy are therefore beneficial in the treatment of positional plagiocephaly and will increase the reduction in ODDI, especially in case of both physical and helmet therapy." 10/01/2020 - "Objective: To compare cranial helmet therapy (CHT) and physiotherapy (PT) for the effective treatment of positional plagiocephaly in infants in terms of improving functional recovery. " 11/01/2016 - "To address the clinical question: "Does helmet therapy provide effective treatment for positional plagiocephaly?" and to make treatment recommendations based on the available evidence. " 11/01/2016 - "To address the clinical question: "Does helmet therapy provide effective treatment for positional plagiocephaly?" and to make treatment recommendations based on the available evidence. " 09/14/2020 - "Owing to the characteristics of positional plagiocephaly in Koreans, many Korean patients have delayed diagnosis, and because this results in delayed onset of the helmet therapy, the outcomes remain largely underevaluated. "
2.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 11/01/2013 - "The results of this study reveal that pronounced deformational plagiocephaly can be successfully treated with a custom-made helmet orthosis and closely controlled monitoring. " 10/01/2013 - "Cranial orthoses have been shown to be effective in treating deformational plagiocephaly. " 08/01/2008 - "Further research is required to identify the efficacy of cranial orthoses in the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly based on a standardized measurement technique to facilitate classification of this condition." 02/01/2016 - "A total of 213 pediatric patients treated for positional plagiocephaly with an orthotic device were enrolled in this study. " 07/01/2005 - "This study evaluates the safety and parent satisfaction of a new cranial orthosis designed to treat deformational plagiocephaly. "
3.	Physical Therapy Modalities (Physical Therapy Technique) 11/01/2016 - "To answer the question: "does physical therapy provide effective treatment for positional plagiocephaly?" Treatment recommendations are created based on the available evidence. " 11/01/2016 - "To answer the question: "does physical therapy provide effective treatment for positional plagiocephaly?" Treatment recommendations are created based on the available evidence. " 01/01/2009 - "Physical therapy is effective for deformational plagiocephaly." 08/01/2008 - "To study the effect of pediatric physical therapy on positional preference and deformational plagiocephaly. " 01/01/2017 - "• Paediatric physical therapy intervention does not influence the long-term outcome; it only influences the earlier decrease of the severity of deformational plagiocephaly."
4.	Musculoskeletal Manipulations (Manipulative Therapy) 06/05/2021 - "Efficacy of pediatric integrative manual therapy in positional plagiocephaly: a randomized controlled trial." 12/01/2022 - "A Randomized Controlled Trial of Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy to Reduce Cranial Asymmetries in Young Infants with Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly." 02/25/2021 - "Effectiveness of pediatric integrative manual therapy in cervical movement limitation in infants with positional plagiocephaly: a randomized controlled trial." 11/01/2016 - "Forty-six infants with severe nonsynostotic plagiocephaly (types 4-5 of the Argenta scale) referred to the Early Care and Monitoring Unit were randomly allocated to a control group receiving standard treatment (repositioning and an orthotic helmet) or to an experimental group treated with manual therapy added to standard treatment. " 11/01/2016 - "Despite growing evidence regarding nonsynostotic plagiocephaly and their repercussions on motor development, there is little evidence to support the use of manual therapy as an adjuvant option. "
5.	Sutures (Suture) 05/01/2023 - "Sleeping on the back is associated with, but not the cause of, the development of infant positional plagiocephaly, also known as deformational or a non-synostotic misshapen head when the skull sutures are open, not fused. " 01/01/2017 - "Of note, all of his cranial vault sutures were open, and a diagnosis of incidental positional plagiocephaly was made. " 01/01/2011 - "Among the positional plagiocephaly group, 39% were noted to have some form of metopic suture abnormality. " 01/01/2011 - "This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of three-dimensional computed tomographic scans for abnormalities of the metopic suture in all children treated at our institution for positional plagiocephaly between 1997 and 2007. " 01/01/2011 - "Increased incidence of metopic suture abnormalities in children with positional plagiocephaly."