Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly

A deformity of the SKULL that is not due to bone fusion (SYNOSTOSIS), such as craniosynostoses, and is characterized by an asymmetric skull and face. It is observed with an increased frequency in INFANTS after the adoption of supine sleeping recommendations to prevent SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME.

Also Known As:

Networked: 56 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 7 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Craniosynostoses (Craniosynostosis)
2.	Plagiocephaly
3.	Synostosis
4.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
5.	Craniofacial Abnormalities

Experts

1.	David, Lisa R: 3 articles (10/2013 - 03/2009)
2.	Helders, Paul J M: 2 articles (09/2013 - 02/2007)
3.	Oh, Albert K: 2 articles (01/2013 - 02/2009)
4.	Rogers, Gary F: 2 articles (01/2013 - 02/2009)
5.	Van der Hulst, Rene R: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2008)
6.	Argenta, Louis C: 2 articles (01/2011 - 03/2009)
7.	Regelsberger, Jan: 2 articles (03/2010 - 11/2006)
8.	Tsokos, Michael: 2 articles (03/2010 - 11/2006)
9.	de Ribaupierre, S: 2 articles (12/2008 - 06/2007)
10.	Cavin, B: 2 articles (12/2008 - 06/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly:

1.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 03/01/2005 - "These results show that 14 of 15 children with recalcitrant IMT and positional plagiocephaly treated with botulinum toxin obtained sufficient improvement in neck range of motion and head position as to make surgical release of the muscle unnecessary. "
2.	CosmeticsIBA 11/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to determine cosmetic and developmental outcomes at a minimum of 5 years of age in children diagnosed in infancy with positional plagiocephaly (PP) and the impact of cranial orthotic use. " 01/01/2012 - "Cosmetic and cognitive outcomes of positional plagiocephaly treatment." 01/01/2012 - "Long-term effects of positional plagiocephaly on development remain undefined, and this study evaluated cosmetic and cognitive outcomes of plagiocephaly management. "
3.	Congenital torticollisIBA 02/01/2014 - "Congenital muscular torticollis and positional plagiocephaly." 02/01/2009 - "The role of congenital muscular torticollis in the development of deformational plagiocephaly." 03/01/2007 - "The etiology of craniofacial asymmetry secondary to positional plagiocephaly with or without concomitant congenital muscular torticollis has been well established. " 05/01/1999 - "Sternocleidomastoid imbalance versus congenital muscular torticollis: their relationship to positional plagiocephaly." 03/01/2007 - "We present a single subject with ocular torticollis and resulting plagiocephaly, and we distinguish the resultant craniofacial findings from those seen in patients with congenital muscular torticollis-associated deformational plagiocephaly. "
4.	PlasticsIBA 04/01/2010 - "Comparison of perceptions and treatment practices between neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons for infants with deformational plagiocephaly." 10/01/2005 - "Over the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in referrals to specialty clinics, craniofacial centers, plastic surgeons, and neurosurgeons for assessment and treatment of deformational plagiocephaly (DP). " 04/02/1999 - "10 infants with significant deformational plagiocephaly were treated with individual plastic helmets during the past 2 years and 4 other infants with plagiocephaly are currently being treated. "
5.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Excessive daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy is seen among mothers of positional plagiocephaly patients." 01/01/2012 - "To assess the relationship between high intake of folic acid and positional plagiocephaly. " 01/01/2012 - "Positional plagiocephaly and excessive folic acid intake during pregnancy." 01/01/2008 - "Periconceptional folic acid use and the prevalence of positional plagiocephaly."
6.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 01/01/2012 - "Retrospective case-control study with questionnaires administered in the clinic to biological mothers of children with positional plagiocephaly (PP group) and mothers of children without it (CO group). " 08/01/2014 - "Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and torticollis are commonly seen in infants and they often co-occur, but little is known of the prevalence and relationship of these conditions in the immediate newborn period. "
7.	antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP)IBA 12/01/2004 - "Adding to a growing body of evidence, our findings suggest significant increases in clinical deformational plagiocephaly since initiation of the AAP's "Back to Sleep" campaign." 11/01/2005 - "The AAP also stresses the need to avoid redundant soft bedding and soft objects in the infant's sleeping environment, the hazards of adults sleeping with an infant in the same bed, the SIDS risk reduction associated with having infants sleep in the same room as adults and with using pacifiers at the time of sleep, the importance of educating secondary caregivers and neonatology practitioners on the importance of "back to sleep," and strategies to reduce the incidence of positional plagiocephaly associated with supine positioning. "
8.	DiamondIBA 05/01/2007 - "The shape of the fontanelle is an additional useful clinical sign with which to discriminate between synostotic plagiocephaly (triangular fontanelle) and deformational plagiocephaly (diamond-shaped fontanelle), along with those previously described by Mulliken and Huang. "
9.	TeaIBA 09/01/2013 - "The prevalence of a positional preference of the head was 65.8% (79 of 120) at term-equivalent age (TEA) and 36.7% (44 of 120) at 3 months CA and that of deformational plagiocephaly was 30% (36 of 120) at TEA and 50% (60 of 120) at 3 months CA. At 6 months CA, 15.8% of the infants (19 of 120) scored ≥ 2 of a possible 6 on the asymmetry performance scale and 23.3% (28 of 120) had deformational plagiocephaly. "
10.	AndrogensIBA 11/01/2004 - "Male predominance in metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis and in nonsynostotic plagiocephaly suggests a role for circulating androgens in early craniofacial development. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 11/01/2013 - "The results of this study reveal that pronounced deformational plagiocephaly can be successfully treated with a custom-made helmet orthosis and closely controlled monitoring. " 10/01/2013 - "Cranial orthoses have been shown to be effective in treating deformational plagiocephaly. " 08/01/2008 - "Further research is required to identify the efficacy of cranial orthoses in the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly based on a standardized measurement technique to facilitate classification of this condition." 07/01/2005 - "This study evaluates the safety and parent satisfaction of a new cranial orthosis designed to treat deformational plagiocephaly. " 01/01/2015 - "Prevention of deformational plagiocephaly in hospitalized infants using a new orthotic device."
2.	Sutures (Suture) 01/01/2011 - "Among the positional plagiocephaly group, 39% were noted to have some form of metopic suture abnormality. " 01/01/2011 - "This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of three-dimensional computed tomographic scans for abnormalities of the metopic suture in all children treated at our institution for positional plagiocephaly between 1997 and 2007. " 01/01/2011 - "Increased incidence of metopic suture abnormalities in children with positional plagiocephaly." 03/01/2010 - "In nonsynostotic plagiocephaly, overlapping of the bony plates and the so-called "sticky suture" is still controversial and is believed to represent a pathological fusion process. " 11/01/2006 - "Near-field high-frequency ultrasound has been used to evaluate the sonographic findings of suture anatomy and confirm the diagnosis of positional plagiocephaly as well as provide information of prognostic value. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 03/01/2011 - "Topographic laser head scans for an aged-matched cohort of 91 patients with deformational plagiocephaly were acquired. " 03/01/2009 - "Outcome analysis of helmet therapy for positional plagiocephaly using a three-dimensional surface scanning laser." 11/01/2006 - "Comparison of infant head shape changes in deformational plagiocephaly following treatment with a cranial remolding orthosis using a noninvasive laser shape digitizer."
4.	Occupational Therapy (Therapy, Occupational) 12/01/2005 - "Successful treatment of positional plagiocephaly and dolichocephaly includes systematic positioning changes to overcome the mechanical forces of repetitive positioning, physical and/or occupational therapy to treat underlying muscle or developmental challenges, and in some cases, molding helmet therapy." 02/01/2000 - "The families reported that 25 of the 63 children (39.7%) with persistent deformational plagiocephaly had received special help in primary school including: special education assistance, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy generally through an Individual Education Plan. "
5.	Pacifiers 11/01/2005 - "The AAP also stresses the need to avoid redundant soft bedding and soft objects in the infant's sleeping environment, the hazards of adults sleeping with an infant in the same bed, the SIDS risk reduction associated with having infants sleep in the same room as adults and with using pacifiers at the time of sleep, the importance of educating secondary caregivers and neonatology practitioners on the importance of "back to sleep," and strategies to reduce the incidence of positional plagiocephaly associated with supine positioning. "