Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

Also Known As:

Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases; MAP Kinases, Extracellular Signal Regulated; Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase; Extracellular Signal Regulated MAP Kinase; Extracellular Signal Regulated MAP Kinases; Kinase, ERK MAP; Kinase, Extracellular Signal-Regulated; Kinases, Extracellular Signal-Regulated; MAP Kinase, ERK; Signal-Regulated Kinase, Extracellular; ERK MAP Kinase; ERK MAP Kinases; Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase; Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinase; MAP Kinases, Extracellular Signal-Regulated

Networked: 3813 relevant articles (78 outcomes, 361 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hsu, Fei-Ting: 12 articles (01/2022 - 01/2018)
2.	Iwata, Koichi: 10 articles (01/2019 - 02/2006)
3.	Wang, Wei: 9 articles (01/2022 - 06/2011)
4.	Wang, Jing: 9 articles (11/2021 - 04/2002)
5.	Wang, Y: 9 articles (01/2018 - 12/2000)
6.	Chen, Jun: 8 articles (05/2019 - 07/2007)
7.	Wang, Yan: 8 articles (01/2019 - 05/2007)
8.	Zhang, Wei: 8 articles (01/2018 - 08/2010)
9.	Kohno, Michiaki: 8 articles (04/2016 - 05/2003)
10.	Ji, Ru-Rong: 8 articles (10/2013 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/12/2013 - "There is considerable promise for biologic agents targeting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway for treatment of these cancers. " 02/15/2010 - "Blockade of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway enhances the therapeutic efficacy of microtubule-destabilizing agents in human tumor xenograft models." 11/14/2023 - "Inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) alone or in combination with other targets has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for a variety of human tumors. " 06/30/2022 - "The present study revealed that, upon EWI2 silencing or ablation, the elevated movement and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and increased cancer metastatic potential and malignancy in vivo are associated with (i) increases in clustering, endocytosis, and then activation of EGFR and (ii) enhancement of Erk MAP kinase signaling. " 03/15/2014 - "Functional studies showed that SYK(S) promoted tumor growth, suppressed apoptosis, and induced EMT through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, countering the opposite effects of SYK(L). "
2.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 09/01/2010 - "This review highlights the relevance of BRAF and the ERK/MAP kinase pathway for melanoma cell biology and discusses some of the recent advances in both, the understanding of BRAF function in melanoma and the development of improved BRAF targeting inhibitors." 11/01/2015 - "The present study aimed to investigate the effects of blocking nuclear factor (NF)-κB and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways on proliferation and apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro. " 11/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to estimate the impact on survival of NRAS and BRAF mutations and activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in primary melanomas. " 11/01/2005 - "Several studies suggest that melanoma may be resistant to treatment because of resistance to apoptosis and that this may be the result of activation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. " 01/01/2021 - "Mechanistic Analysis of an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2-Interacting Compound that Inhibits Mutant BRAF-Expressing Melanoma Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress."
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 04/03/2012 - "The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the roles of TGFβ1 activation, Smad-signaling pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis progression and the antifibrotic mechanism of IHQD. " 02/01/2008 - "An experimental study of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and its interventional treatments in hepatic fibrosis." 01/01/2023 - "Previously, we have demonstrated that the knockdown of LMCD1 ameliorated renal fibrosis in mice by blocking the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. " 01/01/2023 - "Having observed that the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in intestinal fibrosis can be inhibited by hucMSC-Ex, we treated intestinal fibroblasts with an ERK inhibitor to emphasize the potential target of ERK phosphorylation in the treatment of IBD-associated intestinal fibrosis. " 01/01/2021 - "In vitro, supernatant from HE4-transfected human embryonic kidney 293T cells enhanced transdifferentiation of rat neonatal fibroblasts and increased expression of fibrosis-related genes, and this was accompanied by the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. "
4.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 02/01/2020 - "Further mechanism studies revealed that hypoxia increased the synthesis and secretion of NT-3 by Müller cells, and exogenous NT-3 stimulation increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 by binding to TrkC in 661W cells. " 09/21/2023 - "Moreover, SHED treatment can inhibit M1-type polarisation and promote M2-type polarisation of microglia cells via the suppression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)- 1α-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling activated in high altitude condition. " 01/01/2020 - "Furthermore, SHIP-1 deficiency inhibited hypoxia-induced cellular activation of Akt and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and suppressed hypoxia-induced cell proliferation. " 10/21/2019 - "Additionally, the ratio of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK) or pAkt to its respective total was a key factor in determining the sensitivity of pERK or pAkt to hypoxia. " 01/01/2019 - "We further demonstrated that IFN-γ induced the EMT via the p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways in a manner distinct from the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, SMAD, and NF-κB signaling pathways. "
5.	Ischemia 03/01/2021 - "During ischemia, several endogenous protective signals are activated to protect the heart from injury, among which extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling has been established as playing a pivotal role. " 03/01/2015 - "Furthermore, inhibition of GPR81 reversed ischemia-induced apoptosis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling may be involved in the neuroprotection. " 04/07/2011 - "To investigate expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) and involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation. " 05/01/2009 - "Here we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 is activated in both intact kidneys and cultured renal tubule epithelial cells (RTECs) from wildtype and Tlr4 knockout mice, but not those from Tlr2 knockout mice subjected to transient ischemia. " 08/01/2007 - "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation during renal ischemia/reperfusion mediates focal adhesion dissolution and renal injury."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (MEKs)
2.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)
3.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
4.	Mitogens
5.	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
6.	MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases (MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase)
7.	AZD 6244
8.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)
9.	JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
10.	Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (1 Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Ligation
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
4.	Combination Drug Therapy (Combination Chemotherapy)
5.	Moxibustion