Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

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Networked: 404 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 33 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Giuliani, Daniela: 6 articles (12/2015 - 07/2010)
2.	Guarini, Salvatore: 6 articles (12/2015 - 07/2010)
3.	Ottani, Alessandra: 6 articles (12/2015 - 07/2010)
4.	Berrocoso, Esther: 3 articles (07/2015 - 06/2014)
5.	Zhang, Jun: 3 articles (05/2015 - 12/2007)
6.	Galantucci, Maria: 3 articles (09/2013 - 07/2010)
7.	Komuro, Issei: 3 articles (03/2012 - 06/2004)
8.	Spaccapelo, Luca: 3 articles (03/2012 - 07/2010)
9.	Akazawa, Hiroshi: 3 articles (03/2012 - 06/2004)
10.	Gereau, Robert W: 3 articles (09/2011 - 09/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Ischemia 05/11/2001 - "In isolated myocytes, extracellular signal-regulated kinases were important in regulating activity of the exchanger after recovery from ischemia. " 01/01/2014 - "In conclusion, the results clearly demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of EGCG immediately following ischemia, inhibits ERS and improves the neurological status of rats that have undergone middle cerebral artery occlusion via the inhibition of calpain‑mediated TRPC6 proteolysis and the subsequent activation of CREB via the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway. " 03/01/2010 - "To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we tested the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B (Akt) and p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), which are known to be associated with protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). " 11/01/2014 - "Sigma-1 receptor stimulation protects retinal ganglion cells from ischemia-like insult through the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2." 03/01/2007 - "Adenosine receptors (AR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) have been implicated in tissue protection and apoptosis regulation during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 05/01/2015 - "Constitutive activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are central to regulating the proliferation and survival of many cancer cells. " 01/01/2014 - "In cases of LCH in which no BRAF mutations were identified, there was evidence for activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway, suggesting that similar to other tumors, this pathway may be therapeutically exploitable. " 01/01/2014 - "Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression and may upregulate AQPs expression. " 06/01/2012 - "The oral, gastric, and lung premalignant lesions display activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2 and NF-κB signaling as well as activated tumor suppressor and DNA damage responses. " 11/01/2011 - "NO promotes cancer progression by activating several oncogenic signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt, and c-Myc. "
3.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 07/01/2014 - "In conclusion, CTS may exert antifibrotic effects in vitro by inhibiting Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 phosphorylation and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, NOX-2, and NOX-4, and also improved the pathological changes and relieved cardiac fibrosis in vivo." 09/01/2013 - "Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent stimulus for fibrosis, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK) 1/2 pathway also contributes to the fibrotic response. " 03/01/2012 - "In AT(1)Tg-AgtKO hearts, redistributions of the Gα(q11) subunit into cytosol and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases were significantly increased, compared with angiotensinogen-knockout mice hearts, suggesting that the AT(1) receptor is constitutively activated independent of Ang II. As a consequence, AT(1)Tg-AgtKO mice showed spontaneous systolic dysfunction and chamber dilatation, accompanied by severe interstitial fibrosis. " 03/01/2011 - "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation protects against hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases." 11/01/2006 - "Immunohistochemical study revealed that the expressions of both extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK), two of the key genes in the MAPK pathway, were remarkably induced, which was closely correlated to that of collagen types I and III during the development of hepatic fibrosis. "
4.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 01/01/2011 - "Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ameliorates hypertension-induced renal vascular remodeling in rat models." 01/01/2011 - "The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, PD98059, on high blood pressure and related vascular changes. " 02/13/2008 - "We investigated if extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension induced by chronic leptin administration in the rat. " 02/13/2008 - "Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in leptin-induced hypertension." 03/01/2011 - "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation protects against hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases."
5.	B-Cell Lymphoma (Lymphoma, B Cell) 01/01/2012 - "This protective effect is mediated by neuronal TNF-α and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 pathway via phosphorylation and inactivation of the B-cell lymphoma 2-associated death promoter protein. " 11/01/2015 - "The phosphorylated c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were assayed by western blot. " 01/01/2013 - "Various molecular signals, such as B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-x, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Fas, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, MMP-9 and pan-janus kinase/stress-activated protein kinase 1, indicated that apoptosis, inhibition of growth and invasion was cleared on sorafenib-eluting PCL films. " 04/12/2011 - "On the other hand, propofol could up-regulate the expression of key proteins involved in neuroprotection including B-cell lymphoma 2 at a dose range of 1-10 μM, activation of phospho-serine/threonine protein kinase at a dose range of 0.5-10 μM, and activation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases at a dose range of 5-10 μM. " 07/01/2013 - "Pharmacological modulation of survivin was tagged with its evolving functional complexity associated with various cell-signaling cascades including PI3K/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) etc. The present review provides a multifaceted role of survivin and its mechanistic action in an array of clinical cancers. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Phosphotransferases (Kinase)
2.	Protein Kinases (Protein Kinase)
3.	Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
4.	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
5.	sorafenib (BAY 43-9006)
6.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)
7.	Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cyclooxygenase-2)
8.	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8
9.	STAT5 Transcription Factor
10.	Minocycline (Cyclops)

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4.	Electroacupuncture
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)