Retinoid X Receptor alpha

01/01/2013 - "Inhaled glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for patients with persistent asthma.  However, approximately thirty percent of patients exhibit glucocorticoid insensitivity, which may involve excess metabolic clearance of the glucocorticoids by CYP3A enzymes in the lung.  CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7 enzymes metabolize glucocorticoids, which in turn induce CYP3A genes.  However, the mechanism of CYP3A5 mRNA regulation by glucocorticoids in lung cells has not been determined.  In hepatocytes, glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which induces the expression of the constitutive androstane receptor or pregnane X receptor; both of which bind to the retinoid X receptor alpha, leading to the induction of CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7.  There is also evidence to suggest a direct induction of CYP3A5 by GR activation in liver cells. "
01/01/2013 - "Inhaled glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for patients with persistent asthma.  However, approximately thirty percent of patients exhibit glucocorticoid insensitivity, which may involve excess metabolic clearance of the glucocorticoids by CYP3A enzymes in the lung.  CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7 enzymes metabolize glucocorticoids, which in turn induce CYP3A genes.  However, the mechanism of CYP3A5 mRNA regulation by glucocorticoids in lung cells has not been determined.  In hepatocytes, glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which induces the expression of the constitutive androstane receptor or pregnane X receptor; both of which bind to the retinoid X receptor alpha, leading to the induction of CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7.  There is also evidence to suggest a direct induction of CYP3A5 by GR activation in liver cells. "

02/01/2003 - "Hepatocyte retinoid X receptor-alpha-deficient mice have reduced food intake, increased body weight, and improved glucose tolerance."

05/01/2004 - "Altered localization of retinoid X receptor alpha coincides with loss of retinoid responsiveness in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells."
05/01/2004 - "Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) localized throughout the nucleoplasm in retinoid-sensitive normal human mammary epithelial cells and in retinoid-responsive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), whereas it was found in the splicing factor compartment (SFC) of the retinoid-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and in human breast carcinoma tissue. "
01/01/2012 - "Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study."
01/01/2012 - "The role of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in breast cancer has been well studied in vitro. "
06/01/2004 - "Ubiquitinated or sumoylated retinoic acid receptor alpha determines its characteristic and interacting model with retinoid X receptor alpha in gastric and breast cancer cells."

10/01/2006 - "Recent studies suggest that modulation of subcellular localization of retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha) represents a potential approach for inducing cancer cell apoptosis. "
01/01/2016 - "Retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα), a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a well-established drug target, representing one of the most important targets for pharmacologic interventions and therapeutic applications for cancer. "
05/15/2015 - "Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) and its N-terminally truncated version, tRXRα, are widely implicated in cancer development and represent intriguing targets for cancer prevention and treatment. "
09/26/2014 - "Activation of RAS/ERK signaling pathway, depletion of retinoid, and phosphorylation of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) are frequent events found in liver tumors and thought to play important roles in hepatic tumorigenesis. "
06/01/2010 - "Retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR alpha) fragments are known to be produced in some cancer cells by proteolytic cleavage. "

02/01/2002 - "Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) has emerged as an important nuclear receptor involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, because its ligand suppresses the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both experimental and clinical studies. "
10/01/2007 - "Expression of retinoid X receptor alpha is decreased in 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats."
03/01/2009 - "Strategy and mechanism for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: phosphorylated retinoid X receptor alpha is a critical target for hepatocellular carcinoma chemoprevention."
11/28/2009 - "A malfunction of retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha) due to phosphorylation is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and acyclic retinoid (ACR), which targets RXRalpha, can prevent the development of second primary HCC. "
05/01/2008 - "A malfunction of retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha) due to phosphorylation by the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "