Cyclotides

A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen AMINO ACIDS, so there is no free N- or C-terminus. They are further characterized by six conserved CYSTEINE residues that form CYSTINE KNOT MOTIFS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 54 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Craik, David J: 15 articles (01/2022 - 01/2007)
2.	Göransson, Ulf: 8 articles (01/2017 - 10/2004)
3.	Gruber, Christian W: 7 articles (01/2022 - 03/2016)
4.	Daly, Norelle L: 7 articles (01/2021 - 01/2007)
5.	Camarero, Julio A: 5 articles (09/2021 - 11/2010)
6.	Wang, Conan K: 4 articles (01/2016 - 08/2010)
7.	Burman, Robert: 4 articles (09/2012 - 09/2009)
8.	Huang, Yen-Hua: 3 articles (01/2022 - 09/2014)
9.	Muratspahić, Edin: 3 articles (01/2022 - 01/2021)
10.	Hellinger, Roland: 3 articles (11/2021 - 04/2016)

Related Diseases

1.	Multiple Sclerosis 11/19/2021 - "The cyclotide T20K inhibits the proliferation of human immune cells and is currently in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. " 01/01/2023 - "Plant-based production of an orally active cyclotide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis." 08/01/2022 - "Immunomodulatory effects of cyclotides isolated from Viola odorata in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis." 06/01/2023 - "Cyclotides also display bioactivities that have been exploited and expanded to develop as potential therapeutic reagents for a wide range of conditions (e.g., HIV, inflammatory conditions, multiple sclerosis, etc.). " 01/01/2017 - "For example, plant-derived circular peptides called cyclotides have recently attracted much attention due to their immunosuppressive effects and oral activity in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in mice, but their molecular target has hitherto not been reported. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2020 - "Previous studies reported the isolation of cyclotides from Viola species in many countries in the hope of discovering novel compounds with anti-cancer activities; however, Viola species from Vietnam have not been investigated to date. " 01/01/2022 - "This work sheds light on the cytotoxic effects of the anpy cyclotides against cancer cells. " 04/01/2020 - "Approximately 70 natural cyclotides belonging to three plant families (Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Violaceae) have shown cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. " 01/01/2020 - "All tested cyclotides were cytotoxic against cancer cells, albeit to varying degrees. " 01/01/2015 - "The novel cyclotides extracted from H.Diffusa have anti-cancer effects, and they are potential bioactive ingredients in H.diffusa."
3.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 09/01/2017 - "ODE and the cyclotide-rich fraction (CRF) was investigated for chronic and acute anti-inflammatory activities in rat models of inflammation. " 08/01/2022 - "It was observed that cyclotides, especially in the 80% fraction group at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced the clinical scores, inflammation, and demyelination in EAE mice compared with the normal saline group (P<0.05), and the results of this group were comparable with fingolimod (P>0.05). " 09/01/2022 - "The cyclotide kalata B1 (kB1) has previously been discovered as immunosuppressive agent on T-lymphocytes, and a synthetic version of this peptide, [T20K]kB1 (T20K), has been effective in reducing clinical symptoms, such as inflammation and demyelination, in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. "
4.	Demyelinating Diseases (Demyelinating Disease) 08/01/2022 - "It was observed that cyclotides, especially in the 80% fraction group at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced the clinical scores, inflammation, and demyelination in EAE mice compared with the normal saline group (P<0.05), and the results of this group were comparable with fingolimod (P>0.05). " 09/01/2022 - "The cyclotide kalata B1 (kB1) has previously been discovered as immunosuppressive agent on T-lymphocytes, and a synthetic version of this peptide, [T20K]kB1 (T20K), has been effective in reducing clinical symptoms, such as inflammation and demyelination, in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. "
5.	Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer) 01/01/2010 - "This study documents several cyclotides with robust cytotoxicity that may be promising chemosensitizing agents against drug resistant breast cancer." 01/01/2018 - "Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Migration by Cyclotides Isolated from Pombalia calceolaria." 01/01/2007 - "Cell uptake was examined for representatives of two cyclotide subfamilies; the first was MCoTI-II, a member of the trypsin inhibitor subfamily, which was internalized by a macrophage and breast cancer cell line and the second, the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 from the Möbius subfamily, which remained extracellular. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	kalata B1
2.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
3.	Immunosuppressive Agents (Immunosuppressants)
4.	Cyclic Peptides
5.	cycloviolacin O2
6.	Plant Extracts
7.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)
8.	Opioid Receptors (Opioid Receptor)
9.	Peptide Hydrolases (Proteases)
10.	Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Oral Administration