Synkinesis

05/01/2007 - "Construct validity analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in SAQ scores (P < .001) after successful administration of botulinum toxin for treatment of facial synkinesis. "
07/01/2013 - "To validate a new photogrammetric technique for quantifying eye surface area and using this to quantify the degree of improvement in symmetry in patients with oral-ocular synkinesis following Botulinum toxin injection. "
01/01/2022 - "A bibliographic research of studies published in the last 10 yrs was carried out on PubMed database, using the medical subject heading terms: botulinum toxin and synkinesis. "
03/01/2016 - "The purpose of this study was to review the authors' experience of treating buccinator synkinesis with botulinum toxin. "
11/01/2023 - "The available literature supports the finding that botulinum toxin treatment of the buccinator muscle could be a welcome addition to facial synkinesis treatment and could significantly improve patient outcomes. "

04/01/2023 - "Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is frequently used as a safe and effective treatment; however, there is no standardized guideline for the use of BTX-A in synkinesis. "
04/01/2007 - "To investigate the efficacy of low dose of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for facial synkinesis and hyperlacrimation. "
01/01/2022 - "English-language cohort studies or randomized controlled trials about botulinum toxin type A treatment on patients with postparetic synkinesis were eligible for inclusion. "
01/01/2022 - "This study aimed to review the recent literature about botulinum toxin type A treatment patterns, including muscle targets, doses, duration of effect, adverse effects, and clinical outcomes in patients with postparetic synkinesis. "
01/01/2022 - "There is scientific evidence of the benefit of botulinum toxin type A treatment for postparetic synkinesis, but there is lack of standardized treatment protocols."

11/01/2014 - "After each BoNT-A treatment, there was an improvement in facial symmetry at rest and during voluntary movements, a global reduction of synkinesis, and a specific reduction of synkinesis and symptoms related to the platysma. "
09/01/2020 - "BoNT-A, via treatment of SFR, is effective against synkinesis accompanying HFS."
03/01/2018 - "Shorter intervals between treatments or larger doses may be required when using incobotulinumtoxinA treatment for facial synkinesis. "
10/15/2017 - "At 1 and 2years post-surgery, the prevalence of synkinesis was significantly higher in patients in the control group compared with those receiving incobotulinumtoxinA treatment (р<0.05 and р<0.001, respectively). "
11/01/2016 - "After BoNT-A injection, SFGS showed an improvement of synkinesis (p = 0.01). "

07/18/2016 - "However, there was a significant reduction in motor synkinesis during follow-up in participants receiving corticosteroids (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.91, three trials, n = 485, moderate-quality evidence). "
03/17/2010 - "There was, also, a significant reduction in motor synkinesis during follow-up in those receiving corticosteroids (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.81). "
09/02/2009 - "Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed corticosteroids alone were associated with a reduced risk of unsatisfactory recovery (relative risk [RR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55-0.87]; P = .001) (number needed to treat to benefit 1 person, 11 [95% CI, 8-25]), a reduced risk of synkinesis and autonomic dysfunction (RR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.36-0.65]; P < .001) (number needed to treat to benefit 1 person, 7 [95% CI, 6-10]), and no increase in adverse effects. "
12/01/2017 - "Among patients who received early corticosteroid therapy, significantly worse static, synkinesis, and composite facial function eFACE scores were demonstrated among cases of PABP compared to nonpregnancy-associated cases (static median = 86 vs. 92.5, P = 0.005; synkinesis median = 79 vs. 86, P = 0.007; composite median = 78 vs. 84, P = 0.023). "
11/09/2015 - "Motor synkinesis or crocodile tearsIn two trials comparing antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour of antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87, n = 469). "

01/01/2022 - "Preoperative depressor anguli oris muscle lidocaine blocks were administered to patients with postparetic facial synkinesis, and subsequent isolated depressor anguli oris muscle myectomies were performed on those who showed improvement and elected to proceed. "
01/01/1995 - "From the patients' reported sensations and from clinical evaluation, which included a local xylocaine injection test, over-reinnervation with a synkinesis effect of the transferred muscle is hypothetically the main cause, not over-tension of the muscle itself. "

07/01/2020 - "To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral tarso-frontalis silicone sling without levator extirpation or disinsertion in dampening the jaw wink in patients with congenital ptosis associated with Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking synkinesis phenomenon. "
07/01/2020 - "Unilateral tarsofrontal silicone sling without disinsertion or extirpation of the levator can reduce the severity of the jaw wink excursion in patients with congenital ptosis with moderate to severe preoperative Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis."
07/01/2020 - "Retrospective review of medical records of all patients of congenital ptosis with moderate to severe Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis who underwent unilateral tarsofrontal silicone sling surgery without extirpation of the levator muscle were retrospectively reviewed. "
07/01/2020 - "Unilateral Frontalis Suspension With Silicone Sling Without Levator Extirpation in Congenital Ptosis With Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Synkinesis."

01/01/2006 - "It was established that the administration of MAGNE-B6 led to improvements in the behavior, decreased the level of anxiety and aggression, improved both large- and small-scale mobility, decreased the level of synkinesis, increased the characteristics of attention, corrected the magnesium homeostasis, and favored normalization of the blood electrolytes. "

01/01/2006 - "It was established that the administration of MAGNE-B6 led to improvements in the behavior, decreased the level of anxiety and aggression, improved both large- and small-scale mobility, decreased the level of synkinesis, increased the characteristics of attention, corrected the magnesium homeostasis, and favored normalization of the blood electrolytes. "

11/09/2015 - "Motor synkinesis or crocodile tearsIn two trials comparing antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour of antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87, n = 469). "
07/01/2015 - "Motor synkinesis or crocodile tearsIn three trials comparing antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour of antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, n = 869). "
05/04/2015 - "Motor synkinesis or crocodile tearsIn three trials comparing antivirals and corticosteroids with corticosteroids and placebo that assessed this outcome, we found a significant difference in long-term sequelae in favour or antivirals plus corticosteroids (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.99, n = 869). "
09/02/2009 - "Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials comparing treatment with either corticosteroids or antiviral agents with a control and measuring at least 1 of the following outcomes: unsatisfactory facial recovery (> or = 4 months), unsatisfactory short-term recovery (6 weeks to < 4 months), synkinesis and autonomic dysfunction, or adverse effects. "
01/01/2022 - "Odds ratios and CIs for the primary outcome of the House-Brackmann scale and secondary outcomes of sequelae (synkinesis and crocodile tears) and adverse events were obtained and subgroup analyses of steroids and antivirals were conducted. "

03/01/2005 - "Future studies should combine functional electrophysiologic assessment and histologic examination to provide a more robust model for studying the effects of neurotrophic factors on facial nerve reinnervation and synkinesis."
09/01/1999 - "Using celloidin-embedded sections, we evaluated immunoreactivity of 11 neurotrophic factors and their receptors in facial nuclei of human brain stems (4 normal cases, and 1 from a patient with facial palsy and synkinesis). "

08/01/2021 - "Children who underwent mirror biofeedback rehabilitation had less synkinesis than the infant-and-toddler control group, suggesting that mirror biofeedback rehabilitation is more effective in preventing the exacerbation of synkinesis in children."
11/01/2015 - "Management of Facial Synkinesis with a Combination of BTX-A and Biofeedback: A Randomized Trial."
09/20/2017 - "We developed a new method of biofeedback rehabilitation using tape for the prevention of oculo-oral synkinesis. "
05/01/2008 - "Biofeedback using mirrors or electromyography has been used both for the treatment and prevention of facial synkinesis. "
01/01/2021 - "Conclusion: Intensified daily combined electromyography and visual biofeedback training over 10 days was effective in patients with facial synkinesis and benefits were stable 6 months after therapy."

07/01/2021 - "This study underlines the importance of LEMG in clinical routine for detection of laryngeal synkinesis in patients with UVFP before any further therapeutic steps are initiated to avoid later therapy failure."
11/01/2023 - "Each patient was informed about the potential for synkinesis and the therapist explained that the main purpose of neuromuscular retraining therapy is to learn new patterns to minimize synkinesis. "
07/07/2023 - "Outcome measures are (1) changes in facial symmetry and synkinesis assessed with facial grading tools, (2) quality of life changes with patient questionnaires, and (3) therapy motivation with a standardized scale, as well as adherence to treatment with metadata. "
05/01/2023 - "Neuromuscular retraining therapy (NMRT) is the central treatment for synkinesis. "
01/01/2023 - "Botulinum therapy allows achieving a significant stable clinical effect in the treatment of moderate and severe complications (muscle hypertonicity and synkinesis). "

11/01/2023 - "In future studies, the efficacy of EMG-guided buccinator injections, optimal dose, and a validated measuring method could be beneficial in optimising treatment for patients with a PFP and synkinesis."
09/01/2023 - "Conclusion: Synkinesis patients with jaw tightness or swallow discomfort may benefit from the addition of PBD injections to the therapeutic regimen."
07/01/2021 - "Of them, 83 (66%) received injection also for buccinator synkinesis and 66/82 (80%) wanted to continue with the buccinator injections. "
05/01/2019 - "The patients received a total of 441 treatment injections, and 369 pretreatment and posttreatment Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire scores were analyzed. "
05/01/2019 - "In total, 99 patients (80 female patients [81%]) underwent botulinum injections for treatment of facial synkinesis. "

12/01/2009 - "Our clinical use of the nerve to masseter as a direct nerve transfer in three patients based on these data has resulted in significant improvement in facial symmetry in repose (at a minimum of 1 year follow up), restoration of facial motion with occasional spontaneous activity and minimal synkinesis without any donor morbidity. "
01/01/2018 - "Utilizing multiple sources for neurotization of the facial muscles, different potions of the face can be selectively reanimated to reduce the risk of synkinesis and improved control."
09/29/2023 - "Cross face nerve grafting (CFNG) is a well-established nerve transfer technique in facial reanimation; however, no study has assessed outcome of supercharging the smile with CFNG in patients with synkinesis. "
02/01/2022 - "This study aimed to describe a promising new surgical approach to facial reanimation utilizing a dual nerve transfer to maximize both resting and active symmetry while minimizing postoperative synkinesis. "
05/01/2022 - "These findings suggest that masseter nerve transfer results in strong oral commissure excursion, avoiding obvious synkinesis, while an interposition nerve graft provides better resting symmetry. "

03/01/2022 - "Conclusions: Human anatomic specimen dissections support a perinasal confluence of musculature with bony attachments that can be successfully treated with chemodenervation in facial synkinesis patients."
11/01/2023 - "Common targets for chemodenervation in facial nerve synkinesis are ipsilateral orbicularis oculi, mentalis, depressor anguli oris, buccinator, corrugator muscles, and the ipsilateral and/or contralateral frontalis."
10/01/2023 - "To summarize the treatment options available for the management of postparalytic facial synkinesis which include facial rehabilitation, chemodenervation, and a spectrum of surgical interventions. "
09/01/2023 - "Methods: Patients with facial synkinesis who underwent electromyography (EMG)-guided PBD BT chemodenervation in addition to their baseline therapeutic regimen were included. "
09/01/2023 - "Background: Patients with facial synkinesis may have jaw tightness and swallow discomfort despite chemodenervation of facial mimetic musculature, and the posterior belly of the digastric (PBD) muscle is a logical target to treat these symptoms. "