Ileus

A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.

Networked: 2219 relevant articles (135 outcomes, 171 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Postoperative Pain
3.	Constipation
4.	Vomiting
5.	Nausea

Experts

1.	Bauer, Anthony J: 13 articles (05/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Delaney, Conor P: 11 articles (01/2015 - 06/2005)
3.	Techner, Lee: 10 articles (06/2014 - 10/2004)
4.	Bauer, A J: 10 articles (07/2012 - 02/2000)
5.	Wehner, Sven: 9 articles (01/2014 - 09/2006)
6.	Kreis, M E: 8 articles (01/2015 - 09/2001)
7.	Senagore, Anthony J: 8 articles (12/2011 - 03/2007)
8.	Moore, Beverley A: 8 articles (10/2011 - 02/2003)
9.	Du, Wei: 8 articles (01/2010 - 10/2004)
10.	Kalff, Jörg C: 7 articles (12/2012 - 03/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Ileus:

1.	Chewing Gum (Chewing Gums)IBA 10/01/2010 - "Considering chewing as an important stimulus to promote intestinal motility we designed this study to assess the efficacy of chewing gum to improve the postoperative ileus, and the clinical relevance of this intervention. " 12/01/2009 - "Chewing-gum therapy following open gastrointestinal surgery is beneficial in reducing the period of postoperative ileus, although without a significant reduction in length of hospital stay. " 01/01/2012 - "Recent studies suggest that use of chewing gum can be effective in preventing postoperative ileus by a similar mechanism of action to early postoperative feeding. " 01/01/2008 - "Recent trials have shown promising results for the efficacy of gum chewing for the amelioration of postoperative ileus. " 01/01/2015 - "One non-pharmacological intervention that has shown promising results in reducing the duration of postoperative ileus is chewing gum after surgery. "
2.	alvimopanFDA Link 10/01/2005 - "Alvimopan is effective in treating postsurgical ileus and perhaps opiate-induced bowel dysfunction. " 09/01/2007 - "Is alvimopan a safe and effective treatment for postoperative ileus?" 01/01/2008 - "The efficacy of alvimopan in the management of postoperative ileus has been evaluated in five phase III trials; four conducted in North America and one conducted in Europe/Australasia. " 08/01/2008 - "Clinical trial: alvimopan for the management of post-operative ileus after abdominal surgery: results of an international randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled clinical study." 05/01/2008 - "Pharmacokinetics of alvimopan and its metabolite in healthy volunteers and patients in postoperative ileus trials."
3.	Metoclopramide (Reglan)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2015 - "This article aims to demonstrate the efficacy of metoclopramide for the prevention of ileus after cesarean. " 10/01/2001 - "To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide for treatment of postoperative ileus in patients who underwent exploratory laparatomy. " 10/01/1996 - "Efficacy of metoclopramide for treatment of ileus in horses following small intestinal surgery: 70 cases (1989-1992)." 06/01/2015 - "Our study proved the functionality of metoclopramide in preventing ileus. " 04/01/1986 - "In a double blind controlled study including 60 patients it was found that Metoclopramide has a negative effect upon the resolution of postoperative adynamic ileus. "
4.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2014 - "Improved understanding of underlying mechanisms is relevant for therapeutic use of lidocaine in horses with postoperative ileus." 06/01/2015 - "This study was done to assess the effect of i.v. lignocaine on operative stress response and post-surgical ileus after elective open abdominal surgeries. " 11/01/2002 - "The low incidence of small-intestinal lesions and gastric reflux in the study makes it difficult to assess the use of lidocaine in the prevention of postoperative ileus (POI)." 06/01/2015 - "Effect of intravenous lignocaine on perioperative stress response and post-surgical ileus in elective open abdominal surgeries: a double-blind randomized controlled trial." 09/01/2012 - "To evaluate whether intraoperative low-dose lidocaine infusion decreases postoperative analgesic consumption, ileus, and duration of hospital stay. "
5.	Neostigmine (Neostigmine Bromide)IBA 12/01/2001 - "Theoretically, it may be useful in reversing anticholinergic ileus resulting from acute drug overdose, allowing or enhancing decontamination, but the safety and potential efficacy of neostigmine in this scenario have not been established." 01/01/1989 - "Further, neostigmine did not adversely affect intestinal hemodynamics while increasing rhythmic contractions, suggesting that neostigmine may be useful in the treatment of ileus in equids." 01/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to assess the effects of neostigmine on the postoperative ileus and the healing of colon anastomoses. " 03/01/2008 - "In this study, we evaluated the effect of epidurally administered neostigmine on postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery. " 12/01/2001 - "This study is a prospective clinical trial of neostigmine in seven spinal patients with ileus after surgery to demonstrate its efficacy. "
6.	Cisapride (Propulsid)FDA Link 09/01/1997 - "Cisapride is effective in neonates with a prolonged ileus after abdominal surgery." 07/01/1987 - "This study suggests that cisapride in repeated dosage may be of value in inducing remission in prolonged surgical ileus, particularly in patients who have undergone intraperitoneal operations." 09/01/1997 - "To assess the efficacy of cisapride in reducing ileus persisting to the tenth postoperative day after neonatal abdominal surgery. " 09/01/1997 - "Cisapride reduces neonatal postoperative ileus: randomised placebo controlled trial." 10/01/1991 - "The effect of cisapride on duration of post-operative ileus after surgery was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. "
7.	methylnaltrexoneFDA Link 05/01/2011 - "Although the efficacy of methylnaltrexone in reducing the duration of postoperative ileus was not demonstrated in these studies, intravenous methylnaltrexone at doses of 12 mg and 24 mg was safe, in general, and well tolerated in postcolectomy patients. " 01/01/2008 - "The intravenous formulation of methylnaltrexone is currently in phase III clinical trials for the potential treatment of postoperative ileus." 05/01/2011 - "The utility of intravenous methylnaltrexone in treating postoperative ileus remains unproven." 03/01/2011 - "Resolution of opioid-induced postoperative ileus in a newborn infant after methylnaltrexone." 05/01/2011 - "Safety and efficacy of methylnaltrexone in shortening the duration of postoperative ileus following segmental colectomy: results of two randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials."
8.	GhrelinIBA 08/01/2011 - "Clinical studies are evaluating the efficacy of synthetic ghrelin agonists in postoperative ileus management. " 08/01/2011 - "These data show that activation of sst(2) receptor located on gastric X/A-like cells plays a key role in the rapid inhibition of circulating acyl ghrelin induced by abdominal surgery while not being primarily involved in the early phase of postoperative gastric ileus." 08/01/2011 - "However, the control of ghrelin secretion under conditions of postoperative gastric ileus is largely unknown. " 01/01/2011 - "Ghrelin: new insight to mechanisms and treatment of postoperative gastric ileus." 12/01/2005 - "In animals, ghrelin increases gastric emptying and reverses postoperative ileus. "
9.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 02/01/2003 - "This study examined whether inhaled CO was protective against the development of postoperative ileus. " 12/01/2006 - "These data support the view that a single intraperitoneal dose of CO-LR ameliorates postoperative ileus in mice by inhibiting the inflammatory response in the gut wall induced by surgical manipulation, possibly in a sGC-dependent fashion." 02/01/2014 - "The meconium ileus risk alleles in SLC26A9, SLC9A3 and SLC6A14 are pleiotropic, increasing risk for other early CF co-morbidities. " 02/01/2014 - "We sought to determine whether SLC26A9, SLC9A3 and SLC6A14, that contribute to meconium ileus in CF, are pleiotropic for other early-affecting CF co-morbidities. " 03/01/2009 - "Treatment with carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation has been shown to ameliorate postoperative ileus (POI) in rodents and swine. "
10.	mu Opioid Receptors (mu Opioid Receptor)IBA 06/01/2009 - "Peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists and postoperative ileus: mechanisms of action and clinical applicability." 08/02/2006 - "Postoperative ileus (POI) is often exacerbated by opioid analgesic use during and following surgery, since mu opioid receptor activation results in a further delay of gastrointestinal (GI) transit. " 04/01/2006 - "Peripherally acting mu-opioid-receptor antagonists and the connection between postoperative ileus and pain management: The anesthesiologist's view and beyond." 03/01/2012 - "Newer medications, such as methlynaltrexone and alvimopan (which are peripherally acting mu opioid receptor antagonists), have become available and have proven beneficial for use with postoperative ileus." 10/01/2007 - "Alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist accelerated gastrointestinal (GI) recovery in 5 randomized, double-blind, phase III postoperative ileus trials. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Colectomy 02/01/2000 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether return of bowel function after colectomy is directly related to narcotic use and to evaluate the effect of incision length on postoperative ileus. " 09/01/2015 - "Given that postoperative ileus is common in colectomy patients, we sought to examine the association of ileus with adverse events in this patient population. " 05/01/2015 - "In the absence of postoperative ileus or overt complication, patients who do not exhibit a SIRS response, and have a brisk urine output on postoperative day (POD) 1, may be targeted for early hospital discharge after laparoscopic colectomy." 11/01/2014 - "This prospective study was performed to investigate whether postoperative ileus (POI) or early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) affects the development of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients undergoing colectomy. " 07/01/2014 - "After adjustment for differences in demographics and disease processes using propensity score matching, all laparoscopic operations had a significantly shorter operative time (P < .01), laparoscopic left colectomies had a longer length of hospital stay (2009 and 2010: 6.5 vs 3.6 days, P = .01); and laparoscopic right colectomies had a higher risk for overall complications (P = .03) and postoperative ileus (P = .04). "
2.	Enema (Enemas) 10/01/2007 - "Although administration of a water-soluble contrast enema has been recognized to be effective for meconium-related ileus, there have been no definitive management guidelines for very low-birthweight infants. " 10/01/2007 - "Although administration of water-soluble contrast enemas can be effective for meconium-related ileus, reflux into the terminal ileum is essential for bowel obstruction to improve, so it is desirable to perform the procedure under fluoroscopic guidance." 04/01/1997 - "Meconium ileus obstruction may be relieved medically by contrast enema; ileal atresia requires prompt surgical intervention. " 02/01/1970 - "Meconium ileus relieved by 40 per cent water-soluble contrast enemas." 11/01/2009 - "Contrast enema is the initial study of choice for simple meconium ileus to confirm diagnosis and to relieve obstruction. "
3.	Laparotomy 02/01/2015 - "The aim of this study was to investigate if neuromuscular block improved surgical conditions in pigs with artificial ileus laparotomy. " 11/01/2008 - "After the general condition was improved, operation was performed for sub-ileus in March, but it became a probe laparotomy for severe peritoneal dissemination. " 10/01/2015 - "For the patients 65 years old or older, robotic surgery was associated with less blood loss (131 vs 235 ml; p = 0.03), a lower rate of ileus (0 vs 15 %; p = 0.04), a lower perioperative surgical complication rate (4 vs 30 %; p = 0.01), a shorter hospital stay (2.2 vs 4.4 days; p < 0.01), and a similar rate of discharge home (96 vs 91 %; p = 0.45) compared with laparotomy. " 03/01/2015 - "A second emergency laparotomy also revealed food-induced ileus. " 03/01/2015 - "An emergency laparotomy was performed and a diagnosis of ileus caused by ingestion of lotus root was established. "
4.	Epidural Analgesia 05/01/1977 - "It appears that high epidural analgesia may be useful in the treatment of postoperative adynamic ileus." 09/01/2007 - "Well designed randomized controlled trials (RCT's) have also shown that epidural analgesia reduces the duration of ileus after colorectal surgery. " 10/01/1999 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate whether perioperative epidural analgesia had any effect on the duration of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic sigmoid resection. " 11/01/2012 - "Epidural analgesia and laparoscopic technique do not reduce incidence of prolonged ileus in elective colon resections." 06/01/2012 - "Although thoracic epidural analgesia has been introduced to prevent and/or reduce postoperative ileus, it is rarely used as a way to treat postoperative ileus. "
5.	Decompression 06/01/2011 - "Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. " 08/01/1994 - "The acute ileus can often be relieved with decompression tubes. " 12/01/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative ileus and the need for nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression in patients undergoing elective colon resections. " 10/01/1952 - "Acute adhesive ileus; a study of 412 cases with particular reference to the abuse of tube decompression in treatment." 04/01/2015 - "The remainder of the patient's hospital stay was complicated by a postoperative ileus requiring nasogastric tube decompression and a DVT and PE necessitating anticoagulation. "