Limited Scleroderma

The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.

Also Known As:

Networked: 50 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 3 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Diffuse Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)
2.	Systemic Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)
3.	Localized Scleroderma (Morphea)
4.	CREST Syndrome (Syndrome, CREST)
5.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome)

Experts

1.	Roberts-Thomson, Peter J: 2 articles (02/2012 - 10/2003)
2.	Peng, Wen-Jia: 1 article (09/2014)
3.	Yan, Jun-Wei: 1 article (09/2014)
4.	Xiao, Chang-Chun: 1 article (09/2014)
5.	Zhang, Jun-Qing: 1 article (09/2014)
6.	Wang, Jing: 1 article (09/2014)
7.	Wan, Ya-Nan: 1 article (09/2014)
8.	Wang, Bing-Xiang: 1 article (09/2014)
9.	Barolet, Daniel: 1 article (01/2014)
10.	Schiopu, Elena: 1 article (01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Limited Scleroderma:

1.	Iloprost (Ventavis)FDA Link 12/01/1998 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cyclic intravenous iloprost therapy in diffuse or limited scleroderma. "
2.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2010 - "To determine if oral ciprofloxacin reduces the severity of scleroderma, a controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial, with placebo, was conducted on 32 patients with diffuse and limited scleroderma, who received oral ciprofloxacin (250 mg) or placebo every 12 h. "
3.	Calcium Channel Blockers (Blockers, Calcium Channel)IBA 02/01/2003 - "The long-term use of calcium channel blockers may be protective, but newer agents that are more effective in treating PHT may also be helpful in altering the natural history of this serious complication in limited scleroderma."
4.	SodiumIBA 09/01/2007 - "A 45-year-old female with limited scleroderma and chronic renal failure was admitted to our hospital due to hyponatremia (sodium 103 mEq/L). " 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
5.	CollagenIBA 09/01/1986 - "Development of severe limited scleroderma in complicated Raynaud's phenomenon after limb immobilization: report of two cases and study of collagen biosynthesis." 04/01/1994 - "Findings are discussed in light of recent information on the pathogenesis and neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic scleroderma and limited scleroderma variants (CREST, unclassifiable connective tissue disease) with positive anticentromere titers, including a discussion of the vasculitis hypothesis of collagen vascular cerebral involvement."
6.	Vitamin B 6IBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
7.	TocopherolsFDA Link 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
8.	MicronutrientsIBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
9.	ZincIBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "
10.	VitaminsIBA 09/01/2014 - "In PubMed, eight clinical trials about the therapy of micronutrients on SSc patients were searched out using medical subject headings terms (SSc: "scleroderma, localized", "scleroderma, systemic", "scleroderma, diffuse" and "scleroderma, limited"; vitamins "vitamin A", "thiamin", "riboflavin", "niacin", "pantothenic acid", "vitamin B 6", "biotin", "folic acid", "vitamin B 12", "inositol", "choline", "ascorbic acid", "vitamin D", "vitamin E", "tocopherols", "vitamin K" and "vitamin P"; and minerals: "calcium", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium", "phosphorus", "sulfur", "chlorine", "iron", "copper", "iodine", "zinc", "selenium", "manganese", "molybdenum", "cobalt", "chromium", "tin", "vanadium", "silicon", "nickel" and "fluorine"). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) 01/01/2014 - "Pulsed LLLT represents a treatment alternative for osteoarticular signs and symptoms in limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome)."
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 03/01/1994 - "Nine patients who have undergone SLT for end-stage lung disease: four patients with sarcoidosis; two patients with limited scleroderma; and three patients with prior malignancies (two with prior lymphoma and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and one who received two bone marrow transplants for acute lymphocytic leukemia and subsequently developed chemotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis). "
3.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 01/01/2014 - "Pulsed versus continuous wave low-level light therapy on osteoarticular signs and symptoms in limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome): a case report."
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/1994 - "Nine patients who have undergone SLT for end-stage lung disease: four patients with sarcoidosis; two patients with limited scleroderma; and three patients with prior malignancies (two with prior lymphoma and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and one who received two bone marrow transplants for acute lymphocytic leukemia and subsequently developed chemotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis). "
5.	Amputation 06/01/2000 - "This woman had limited scleroderma for years and had medium vessel occlusive disease with gangrene eventually requiring midfoot amputations and chronic warfarin treatment. "