Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.

Also Known As:

Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe; SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome); Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute

Networked: 2413 relevant articles (96 outcomes, 240 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	COVID-19
2.	Infections
3.	Coronavirus Infections
4.	Human Influenza (Influenza)
5.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)

Experts

1.	Jiang, Shibo: 21 articles (04/2022 - 09/2004)
2.	Yuen, Kwok-Yung: 17 articles (12/2021 - 06/2004)
3.	Sung, Joseph J Y: 16 articles (01/2021 - 09/2003)
4.	He, Yuxian: 15 articles (12/2021 - 09/2004)
5.	Chan, Paul K S: 15 articles (04/2010 - 12/2003)
6.	Du, Lanying: 13 articles (10/2021 - 08/2006)
7.	Perlman, Stanley: 12 articles (01/2022 - 09/2005)
8.	Baric, Ralph S: 11 articles (01/2022 - 06/2009)
9.	Baker, Susan C: 11 articles (05/2015 - 12/2004)
10.	Lo, Y M Dennis: 11 articles (07/2012 - 12/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome:

1.	VaccinesIBA 01/01/2023 - "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are highly effective in prevention of severe coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease, but the vaccine can result in immune activation and GVHD. " 10/15/2008 - "Effective vaccines should confer long-term protection against future outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with unknown animal reservoirs. " 10/29/2022 - "Safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 are essential tools in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. " 02/19/2021 - "The availability of a safe and effective vaccine would be the eventual measure to deal with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) threat. " 01/01/2021 - "There has been a worldwide effort to accelerate the development of safe and effective vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. "
2.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 10/01/2022 - "The search for clinically effective antivirals against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing. " 09/01/2006 - "Twelve of them were evaluated for their antiviral potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-induced cytopathicity in Vero E6 cell culture. " 01/01/2021 - "(Ui), a marine microalga, known for its antiviral property, was considered for this study to determine the antiviral efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). " 08/28/2023 - "In this study, we present novel perylenylethynylphenols that exhibit nanomolar or submicromolar antiviral activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) in vitro. " 01/01/2023 - "Due to the transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the oral cavity in the lower and upper respiratory tract, studies of salivary antiviral properties in these patients are very important. "
3.	AntibodiesIBA 10/01/2022 - "The Pre-Vaccination Donated Blood Is Free from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) but Is Rich with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A Cross-Section Saudi Study." 04/01/2022 - "In this study, it was aimed to evaluate one-year follow-up of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific antibodies formed against the virus binding site, in a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) positive case cohort (n= 413) between the period March 2020 to December 2020 in Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital, until July 2021. " 11/08/2021 - "This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in healthcare workers (HCWs) at 6 major hospitals in Daegu. " 10/01/2004 - "To study the response of specific antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV in patients infected with SARS. " 12/01/2023 - "High prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among unvaccinated children of Chandigarh, Northwest India, in a household-based paediatric serosurvey post-second wave of pandemic (June to July 2021)."
4.	remdesivirIBA 01/01/2020 - "Remdesivir (GS-5734) effectively inhibited MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in vitro, and showed efficacy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV in a mouse model. " 04/01/2020 - "This systemic review aimed at evaluating the available evidence on efficacy, safety to identify any promising role for compassionate use of remdesivir in patient suffered for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as re-purposeful use. " 06/01/2021 - "The effectiveness of remdesivir, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been repeatedly questioned during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. " 01/01/2022 - "In Japan, remdesivir was approved in May 2020 for COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. " 05/28/2021 - "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Pneumonia in a Newborn Treated With Remdesivir and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Plasma."
5.	Ritonavir (Norvir)FDA Link 12/01/2003 - "The addition of lopinavir/ritonavir to a standard treatment protocol as an initial treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome appeared to be associated with improved clinical outcome. " 01/01/2020 - "Since the beginning of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2, lopinavir/ritonavir was selected for treatment. " 12/01/2003 - "Seventy-five patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome treated with lopinavir/ritonavir in addition to a standard treatment protocol adopted by the Hospital Authority were matched with controls retrieved from the Hospital Authority severe acute respiratory syndrome central database. " 12/01/2003 - "To investigate the possible benefits and adverse effects of the addition of lopinavir/ritonavir to a standard treatment protocol for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome. " 12/01/2003 - "Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study."
6.	Lopinavir FDA Link 12/01/2003 - "The addition of lopinavir/ritonavir to a standard treatment protocol as an initial treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome appeared to be associated with improved clinical outcome. " 01/01/2020 - "Since the beginning of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2, lopinavir/ritonavir was selected for treatment. " 12/01/2003 - "Seventy-five patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome treated with lopinavir/ritonavir in addition to a standard treatment protocol adopted by the Hospital Authority were matched with controls retrieved from the Hospital Authority severe acute respiratory syndrome central database. " 12/01/2003 - "To investigate the possible benefits and adverse effects of the addition of lopinavir/ritonavir to a standard treatment protocol for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome. " 12/01/2003 - "Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study."
7.	Oxygen (Dioxygen)IBA 07/01/2022 - "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 attacking the lungs, which contain the most oxygen. " 10/01/2008 - "Survey and evaluation of modified oxygen delivery devices used for suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome and other high-risk patients in Hong Kong." 03/01/2004 - "Dispersal of respiratory droplets with open vs closed oxygen delivery masks: implications for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome." 11/01/2003 - "To evaluate the relationship among chest radiographs, oxygen supplementation requirement, and treatment response in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). " 05/01/2021 - "However, this treatment was stopped after 13 cycles when the patient developed moderate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonitis which required a 2-week hospitalization for oxygen support. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 11/01/2021 - "Recent studies identified ACE2 as the receptor for the S-protein of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and thus acts as the gateway for viral entry into the human body. " 01/04/2021 - "Our study suggests that both atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes are potentially susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2), and SARS-CoV-2 may enter ventricular cardiomyocytes using CTSB/CTSL for S protein priming. " 12/03/2004 - "In this study, we show that the envelope (E) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus can induce membrane permeability changes when expressed in Escherichia coli. " 11/22/2023 - "Information on the protein-based severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), as a heterologous booster remains limited. " 09/01/2023 - "The receptor binding domain (RBD) sequence from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein was used to replace the eGFP sequence in the expression vector and the RBD expression was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. "
9.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 03/01/2022 - "This study investigated the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) during the first pandemic wave in Senegal. " 01/01/2021 - "Point seroprevalence study of nursing homes to describe the demography and characteristic of severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive residents and staff. " 03/01/2005 - "[Study on the dynamics of IgG antibody in 311 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome]." 11/01/2023 - "The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving HIR, as defined by local laboratory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 qualitative immunoglobulin G assays. " 07/01/2022 - "After collecting blood samples on 18-22 October 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G levels were studied with the chemiluminescence immunoassay method using a Beckman-Access device (Beckman Coulter Inc., CA, USA) for humoral immunity, and T-SPOT test (T-SPOT. "
10.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA 05/01/2021 - "The current gold standard for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA involves subjecting nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs to reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). " 10/01/2022 - "Genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in the breast milk of lactating women, but its pathological significance has remained uncertain due to the small size of prior studies. " 10/17/2021 - "This study investigated the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals who re-tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after recovering from their primary illness. " 08/01/2021 - "Several studies have investigated the effect of repeated freeze-thaw (F/T) cycles on RNA detection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). " 06/23/2021 - "In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in primary influent (n = 42), secondary effluent (n = 24) and tertiary treated effluent (n = 34) collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A-F) in Virginia (WWTP A), Florida (WWTPs B, C, and D), and Georgia (WWTPs E and F) in the United States during April-July 2020. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2022 - "Small molecule inhibitors have previously been investigated in different studies as possible therapeutics in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). " 09/01/2020 - "There are no Food and Drug Administration specific therapies approved so far; however, numerous drugs based on varying levels of evidence, in vitro studies and compassionate drug trials are being established as therapeutic agents, especially drugs approved for previous emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov). " 08/16/2023 - "Numerous therapies have been evaluated as possible treatments for coronavirus-2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. " 08/01/2023 - "Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global challenge caused by a pandemic disease, named 'COVID-19' with no effective and selective therapy available so far. " 07/18/2023 - "The emergence of viral threats such as Ebola, ZIKA, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid and efficient approach for elucidating mechanisms of pathogenesis and development of therapeutics. "
2.	Noninvasive Ventilation 11/01/2010 - "Although infection control issues have been arisen, non-invasive ventilation was effective and safe during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Asia. " 11/01/2010 - "Although infection control issues have been arisen, non-invasive ventilation was effective and safe during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Asia. " 09/05/2005 - "There were no instances of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome among health care workers due to the use of non-invasive ventilation. " 02/01/2005 - "Noninvasive ventilation also does not seem to increase the risk of dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome to health care workers as long as strict isolation procedures are used. " 09/05/2005 - "Compared to invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation as initial ventilatory support for acute respiratory failure in the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome appeared to be associated with reduced intubation need and mortality."
3.	Mechanical Ventilators (Ventilator) 11/13/2017 - "Meta-analysis of observational studies provided evidence of a protective effect of masks (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03-0.62) and respirators (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.06-0.26) against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). " 07/01/2012 - "Eight of nine retrospective observational studies found that mask and/or respirator use was independently associated with a reduced risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). " 11/01/2022 - "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) pandemic pressure on healthcare systems can exhaust ventilator resources, especially where resources are restricted. " 03/09/2021 - "Ventilator shortages occurred due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). " 07/01/2020 - "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 pandemic continues to produce a large number of patients with chronic respiratory failure and ventilator dependence. "
4.	Critical Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 03/17/2023 - "In contrast to other respiratory viruses, neonates and young children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have a milder clinical presentation, with only a small proportion needing hospitalization and intensive care support. " 02/01/2023 - "The global pandemic caused by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented demand on critical care resources. " 07/01/2021 - "While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread rapidly worldwide, some issues such as the uncertainty of the disease progress, whether intensive care will be needed, and risk classification are still important for clinicians. " 03/01/2021 - "Data collection utilized routine Pediatric Intensive Care Audit Network and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-specific data. " 09/15/2020 - "Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with coronavirus 2 presents an unchartered acute and critical care dilemma. "
5.	Chinese Traditional Medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 04/01/2004 - "This study adopts the concept of the three levels of prevention from traditional Chinese medicine to discuss Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) prevention and nursing. " 05/23/2021 - "Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been considered as a promising supplementary treatment of this disease due to its clinically proven performance in many severe diseases, like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). " 01/01/2008 - "To describe responses of Chinese elderly living in Edmonton, Canada, during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic, and their use of Western and/or traditional Chinese medicine. " 01/01/2007 - "Effect of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome: A meta-analysis." 01/01/2006 - "Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for prevention and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong during the outbreak in spring 2003. "