5-Methylcytosine (5 Methylcytosine)

A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.

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Networked: 499 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 55 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Barciszewska, Anna-Maria: 8 articles (06/2020 - 03/2004)
2.	Esteller, Manel: 7 articles (12/2019 - 08/2002)
3.	Fraga, Mario F: 7 articles (12/2019 - 08/2002)
4.	Irudayaraj, Joseph: 5 articles (01/2017 - 10/2013)
5.	Rao, Anjana: 5 articles (11/2015 - 12/2010)
6.	Zhang, Jian: 4 articles (03/2022 - 01/2021)
7.	Sowers, Lawrence C: 4 articles (01/2022 - 02/2007)
8.	Yang, Yun-Gui: 4 articles (10/2021 - 01/2019)
9.	He, Yuting: 4 articles (01/2021 - 01/2020)
10.	Cho, Il-Hoon: 4 articles (01/2017 - 10/2013)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 10/01/2023 - "Many studies have demonstrated the crucial roles of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA methylation in cancer pathogenesis. " 01/01/2022 - "Recent studies have found that 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modulators are associated with the prognosis and treatment of cancer. " 01/01/2022 - "Recent studies have well demonstrated that 5-methylcytosine (m5C) regulators play pivotal roles in pathological conditions, including cancer. " 01/01/2021 - "This study quantified global DNA methylation in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-immunostained canine mammary tumor samples and established histopathological and clinical correlations. " 01/01/2005 - "This study was designed to determine if cytological detection of 5-methylcytosine (5MC) was feasible on prostate tumor sections and to determine if levels of 5MC differed in malignant compared to normal prostate tissue. "
2.	Glioma (Gliomas) 01/01/2022 - "5-Methylcytosine Related LncRNAs Reveal Immune Characteristics, Predict Prognosis and Oncology Treatment Outcome in Lower-Grade Gliomas." 08/01/2012 - "We investigated 60 gliomas for 5hmC presence, 5-methylcytosine content, TET1 expression, and IDH1 mutation to gain insight into their relationships on a histological level. " 01/01/2022 - "5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), an intermediate generated in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine, is present at reduced levels in glioma tissue compared with normal brain, and that higher levels of 5-hmC are associated with improved patient survival. " 01/01/2021 - "5-methylcytosine methylation is one of the ways of RNA modification, but there are limited studies on the role of m5 C methylation of low-grade glioma. " 01/01/2018 - "To study the possible role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in this process we analyzed the global and locus-specific genome-wide levels of 5hmC and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in human primary samples from 12 non-tumoral brains and 53 gliomas. "
3.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant) 01/01/2017 - "However, it remains unknown whether a decrease in 5-hmC represents a primary defect of melanoma cancer epigenome or whether it is secondary to the loss of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), a chemical substrate for 5-hmC. " 01/01/2013 - "We demonstrate that LINE1 hypomethylation is accompanied by the shortened relapse-free survival of melanoma patients; however, Cox regression analysis shows a direct relationship between the overall loss of 5-methylcytosine and metastatic potential of primary melanomas, which is confirmed by Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's Multiple Comparison Post-test showing that not only the presence but the number of metastases during the 5-year follow-up period is associated with the transposon demethylation. " 08/15/1988 - "Certain highly metastatic (in athymic immunosuppressed "nude" mice) variants of the poorly metastatic human melanoma cell line MeWo have been found to contain dramatically reduced levels of DNA 5-methylcytosine compared to the parental cell line. " 01/01/2017 - "The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between melanoma risk and levels of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), a marker for global DNA methylation, in blood leukocyte DNA, and to determine whether this 5-mC level is influenced by pigmentation and sun exposure. " 09/01/1988 - "The DNA 5-methylcytosine content has been analyzed in the human melanoma cell line M21 at several time points after induction of differentiation by a variety of inducers. "
4.	Carcinogenesis 01/01/2023 - "Abnormal 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation has been proved to be closely related to gastric carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis. " 01/01/2021 - "Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, among which 5-methylcytosine methylation (5mC) is generally associated with tumorigenesis. " 03/01/2011 - "DNA methylation markers are particularly advantageous because DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis, and the epigenetic modification, 5-methylcytosine, is a stable marker. " 01/01/2011 - "During carcinogenesis, epigenetic switching and 5-methylcytosine reprogramming result in the aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands, reducing epigenetic plasticity of critical developmental and tumor suppressor genes, rendering them unresponsive to normal stimuli. " 06/15/2008 - "DNA methylation markers are particularly advantageous because DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis, and the epigenetic modification, 5-methylcytosine, is a stable mark. "
5.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 12/01/2015 - "Treatment with hypoxia and its mimetic compounds recapitulated the reduced levels of DNMT1 and 5-methylcytosine levels (P < 0.05 versus control). " 10/14/2011 - "A detailed study of the methylation of CpGs sites using bisulfite-sequencing PCR and 5-methylcytosine immunoprecipitation showed that hypoxia induced DNA methylation in both the enhancer and promoter regions of MCP-1in IL-1β-treated cells. " 10/01/2021 - "Hypoxia reduced the genome methylation status in KG-1 cells detected using 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine detection kits. " 04/01/2007 - "We cultured human colorectal and melanoma cancer cell lines under severe hypoxic conditions, and examined their levels of global methylation using HPLC to quantify 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), and found that hypoxia induced losses of global methylation. " 10/01/2013 - "Our study shows a DNA-replication-independent decrease of 5-methylcytosine (5mC)/5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) under hypoxia vs. a dependent decrease under Decitabine treatment. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
2.	5-hydroxymethylcytosine
3.	Decitabine
4.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
5.	Glyphosate (Roundup)
6.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	Cytosine
9.	Enzymes
10.	Dioxygenases

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Precision Medicine
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Immunotherapy
4.	Bioreactors (Bioreactor)
5.	Radiotherapy