Semaphorins (Semaphorin)

A family of proteins that mediate axonal guidance. Semaphorins act as repulsive cues for neuronal GROWTH CONES and bind to receptors on their filopodia. At least 20 different molecules have been described and divided into eight classes based on domain organization and species of origin. Classes 1 and 2 are invertebrate, classes 3-7 are vertebrate, and class V are viral. Semaphorins may be secreted (classes 2, 3, and V), transmembrane (classes 1, 4, 5, and 6), or membrane-anchored (class 7). All semaphorins possess a common 500-amino acid extracellular domain which is critical for receptor binding and specificity, and is also found in plexins and scatter factor receptors. Their C termini are class-specific and may contain additional sequence motifs.

Also Known As:

Networked: 363 relevant articles (0 outcomes, 25 trials/studies)

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Tamagnone, Luca: 13 articles (03/2013 - 04/2004)
2.	Roche, Joëlle: 11 articles (12/2013 - 07/2003)
3.	Klagsbrun, Michael: 10 articles (08/2015 - 11/2004)
4.	Neufeld, Gera: 10 articles (12/2014 - 01/2005)
5.	Drabkin, Harry A: 10 articles (01/2014 - 02/2005)
6.	Kumanogoh, Atsushi: 9 articles (01/2015 - 01/2007)
7.	Kessler, Ofra: 9 articles (12/2014 - 01/2005)
8.	Bussolino, Federico: 8 articles (10/2014 - 05/2008)
9.	Giraudo, Enrico: 7 articles (10/2014 - 01/2009)
10.	Shimizu, Akio: 7 articles (05/2014 - 11/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2012 - "Recent studies suggest that semaphorins and their receptors also exert such diverse functions as immune response, control of vascular endothelial cell motility and invasion of many types of cancer cells. " 06/01/2005 - "Since these first studies, several semaphorins have been involved in tumor progression. " 01/01/2015 - "Another finding is the overrepresentation of semaphorin receptors, which can mediate distinctive signaling cascades and are involved in various aspects of tumor development. " 01/01/2015 - "In conclusion, we demonstrated that semaphorin is highly expressed on the tumor cell-surfaces and RIT with semaphorin mAb has effect in inhibiting proliferation and accelerating apoptosis of tumor cells. " 12/01/2014 - "Semaphorin 5A mediated cellular navigation: connecting nervous system and cancer."
2.	Inflammation 01/01/2014 - "Although several studies have shown that Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) promotes inflammation, there are limited reports regarding immunological function of SEMA7A in seawater aspiration-induced ALI. " 01/01/2013 - "These data suggest the use of semaphorin as a possible therapeutic target in pathological inflammation in MS. " 07/01/2012 - "Loss of sympathetic nerve fibers (SNFs) occurs in inflamed tissue; and select semaphorins, upregulated during inflammation, stimulate repulsion/loss of SNFs. " 01/01/2012 - "We determined Semaphorin 7a (Sema7a) localization and abundance in naive corneas and in corneas after nerve-transecting lamellar flap surgery, and determined the effect of Sema7a supplementation on corneal nerve regeneration and inflammation. " 01/01/2012 - "Semaphorin 7a links nerve regeneration and inflammation in the cornea."
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 07/15/2015 - "Of interest, we found that an axon guidance molecule, Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), is among the top 1% underexpressed genes in HNSCC, and that genomic loss of SEMA3F correlates with increased metastasis and decreased survival. " 04/01/2013 - "Semaphorin 6B is related to tumour differentiation and metastasis in vivo, and tumour cell migration, adhesion and invasion in vitro. " 04/01/2013 - "In vivo, semaphorin 6B immunopositivity correlated with tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis but not patient age, sex or tumour stage. " 07/24/2012 - "Secreted semaphorin 5A suppressed pancreatic tumour burden but increased metastasis and endothelial cell proliferation." 05/01/2010 - "It was found that Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), a potent inhibitor of metastasis, was repressed by Id2. "
4.	Multiple Sclerosis 11/01/2015 - "Studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental models point to a critical role of semaphorin (sema)3A and sema7A in MS pathogenesis. " 09/01/2015 - "[Semaphorin 4 in multiple sclerosis]." 03/01/2013 - "Semaphorins 3A and 7A: potential immune and neuroregenerative targets in multiple sclerosis." 12/01/2011 - "The role of immune semaphorins in multiple sclerosis." 11/01/2015 - "Expression of semaphorin 3A, semaphorin 7A and their receptors in multiple sclerosis lesions."
5.	Cicatrix (Scar) 01/01/2002 - "Recent studies have documented the presence of class 3 semaphorins in fibroblast-like meningeal cells present in the core of the neural scar formed following CNS injury. " 01/01/2014 - "Class III semaphorins (SEMA3s) are present in the neural scar and influence a wide range of molecules and cell types in and surrounding the injured tissue. " 05/01/2002 - "These results suggest that the full range of secreted semaphorins contributes to the inhibitory nature of the neural scar and thereby may inhibit successful regeneration in the injured spinal cord. " 05/01/2002 - "In line with this we observed that most descending spinal cord fibers were not able to penetrate the semaphorin positive portion of the neural scar formed at the lesion site. " 05/01/2002 - "Following both types of lesions the expression of all class 3 semaphorins is induced in fibroblast in the neural scar. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)
2.	Neuropilins
3.	plexin
4.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)
5.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
6.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)
7.	Tenascin
8.	Apoprotein(a) (Apolipoprotein (a))
9.	Myeloblastin (Proteinase 3)
10.	Vitronectin

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
2.	Therapeutics