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Post-Concussion Syndrome

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The organic and psychogenic disturbances observed after closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED). Post-concussion syndrome includes subjective physical complaints (i.e. headache, dizziness), cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. These disturbances can be chronic, permanent, or late emerging.

Also Known As:

Post-Concussion Symptoms; Post-Concussive Symptoms; Post-Concussive Syndrome, Chronic; Chronic Post-Concussive Syndrome; Chronic Post-Concussive Syndromes; Post Concussion Symptoms; Post Concussion Syndrome; Post Concussive Symptoms; Post Concussive Syndrome; Post Concussive Syndrome, Chronic; Post-Concussion Symptom; Post-Concussive Symptom; Post-Concussive Syndromes; Post-Concussive Syndromes, Chronic; Symptom, Post-Concussive; Syndrome, Chronic Post-Concussive; Syndrome, Post-Concussive; Syndromes, Chronic Post-Concussive; Syndromes, Post-Concussive; Post-Concussive Syndrome

Networked: 47 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)
2.	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)
3.	Closed Head Injuries
4.	Substance-Related Disorders (Drug Abuse)
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)

Experts

1.	Harch, Paul G: 4 articles (12/2013 - 01/2009)
2.	Ben-Jacob, Eshel: 2 articles (11/2015 - 01/2013)
3.	Efrati, Shai: 2 articles (11/2015 - 01/2013)
4.	Crawford, Susan: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2014)
5.	Dewey, Deborah: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2014)
6.	Barlow, Karen M: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2014)
7.	Borg, Jörgen: 2 articles (09/2013 - 01/2013)
8.	Stålnacke, Britt-Marie: 2 articles (01/2013 - 09/2005)
9.	Wolf, George: 2 articles (11/2012 - 07/2012)
10.	Profenna, Leonardo: 2 articles (11/2012 - 11/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Post-Concussion Syndrome:

1.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 07/01/2012 - "The DoD's four randomized controlled trials will enroll a total of 242 service members with post-concussion syndrome and expose them to a range of control, sham and HBO2 conditions for 40 sessions over a period of eight to 11 weeks. " 12/01/2013 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for post-concussion syndrome: contradictory conclusions from a study mischaracterized as sham-controlled." 09/01/2013 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy no better than sham in improving post-concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury." 11/01/2012 - "To catalog the side effects of 2.4 atmospheres absolute (atm abs) hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) vs. sham on post-concussion symptoms in military service members with combat-related, mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). "
2.	OxygenIBA 07/01/2012 - "Hyperbaric oxygen for post-concussion syndrome: design of Department of Defense clinical trials." 09/01/2013 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) for post-concussive syndrome/chronic TBI--product summary." 11/04/2015 - "Hyperbaric oxygen may induce angiogenesis in patients suffering from prolonged post-concussion syndrome due to traumatic brain injury." 11/20/2012 - "Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, the effects of 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) on post-concussion symptoms in 50 military service members with at least one combat-related, mild traumatic brain injury were examined. " 01/01/2010 - "Further investigation into the use of hyperbaric oxygen as a novel therapy for the secondary prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder that often accompanies post-concussive syndrome may be warranted. "
3.	Biological Markers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 12/01/2015 - "This study explored whether acute serum marker S100B is related with post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and neuropsychological performance 4 months after paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). " 07/01/2013 - "There are no established biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), in part because post-concussive symptoms (PCS) are subjective and conventional imaging is typically unremarkable. " 08/01/2006 - "Serum biochemical markers for post-concussion syndrome in patients with mild traumatic brain injury."
4.	Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime (Ceretec)FDA Link 02/01/1997 - "The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the prevalence of abnormal 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT scans in patients suffering from persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) after mild closed head injury (CHI); (2) to compare SPECT with structural neuroimaging (MRI and CT) in patients with mild CHI; and (3) to investigate correlations between SPECT and clinical data obtained from the patient sample (neuropsychological testing, demographics, psychiatric diagnoses). "
5.	17-Ketosteroids (17 Ketosteroids)IBA 01/01/1959 - "[The determination of 17-ketosteroids; its importance in the study of the objective signs of the post-concussion syndrome]."
6.	MelatoninIBA 01/01/2014 - "A double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial of 3 and 10 mg sublingual melatonin for post-concussion syndrome in youths (PLAYGAME): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2014 - "The aim of this study is to determine if treatment with melatonin improves post-concussion syndrome in youths following mild traumatic brain injury. " 01/01/2014 - "Our hypothesis is that treatment of post-concussion syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury with 3 or 10 mg of sublingual melatonin for 28 days will result in a decrease in post-concussion syndrome symptoms compared with placebo. "
7.	4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acidIBA 10/31/1990 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical use of a GABOB by-product in the treatment of exogenous post-concussion syndrome. "
8.	4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone (HADS)IBA 09/01/2013 - "Clinical outcome was assessed by the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE). " 01/01/2011 - "Clinical and demographic information was collected and participants completed a range of questionnaires (Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, Brief COPE, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, Rivermead Follow-Up Questionnaire and HADS). " 06/01/2009 - "The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered. " 05/01/2008 - "patients were asked to fill out questionnaires to assess quality of life (SF36), anxiety and depression (HADS), and signs and symptoms of post-concussion syndrome. " 01/01/2010 - "Participants completed the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey-Version 2 (SF-36v2). "
9.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 11/01/2013 - "Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is considered as a somatoform presentation, influenced by the non-specificity of PCS symptoms which commonly occur in non-TBI samples and co-vary as a function of general life stress, and psychological factors including symptom expectation, depression and anxiety. " 09/01/2015 - "Management of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) has been a challenge to healthcare providers throughout the Military and Veterans Healthcare Systems, as well as civilian healthcare providers, due in part to the chronic nature of symptoms, co-occurrence of behavioral health disorders such as depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders, and fear of a potential stigma associated with psychiatric diagnoses and behavioral health treatment(s). "
10.	Dexfenfluramine (Redux)IBA 02/01/2005 - "The post-concussion syndrome in Lithuania redux."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hyperbaric Oxygenation 01/01/2015 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for post concussion symptoms: issues may affect the results." 01/01/2014 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic post-concussive syndrome." 01/01/2014 - "In this editorial, the value of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of chronic post-concussive syndrome following mild traumatic brain injury is discussed. " 01/01/2013 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can improve post concussion syndrome years after mild traumatic brain injury - randomized prospective trial." 10/10/2012 - "Response to the letter to the editor by Armistead-jehle and Lee on Harch et Al., "A phase I study of low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy for blast-induced post-concussion syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder"."
2.	Ambulatory Care (Outpatient Care) 03/01/2009 - "Overall, 15 (65%) of the 23 players participating in the study continued to suffer post concussion symptoms at least two years after the clinic visit. "
3.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 10/01/2009 - "Poorer eye movement function, and particularly poorer subcortical oculomotor function, correlated more with post-concussive symptom load and problems on activities of daily living whilst poorer neuropsychological function exhibited slightly better correlations with measures of mental health. " 03/01/2011 - "One aim was to describe changes over time after mild traumatic brain injuries in terms of the extent of persisting post-concussion symptoms, life satisfaction, perceived health, activities of daily living, changes in life roles and sick leave. "