Sirtuins

A homologous family of regulatory enzymes that are structurally related to the protein silent mating type information regulator 2 (Sir2) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sirtuins contain a central catalytic core region which binds NAD. Several of the sirtuins utilize NAD to deacetylate proteins such as HISTONES and are categorized as GROUP III HISTONE DEACETYLASES. Several other sirtuin members utilize NAD to transfer ADP-RIBOSE to proteins and are categorized as MONO ADP-RIBOSE TRANSFERASES, while a third group of sirtuins appears to have both deacetylase and ADP ribose transferase activities.

Also Known As:

Networked: 259 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 22 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Verdin, Eric: 6 articles (03/2013 - 04/2011)
2.	Mostoslavsky, Raul: 5 articles (07/2015 - 01/2008)
3.	Donmez, Gizem: 5 articles (06/2013 - 04/2010)
4.	Sinclair, David A: 4 articles (12/2015 - 10/2007)
5.	Guarente, Leonard: 4 articles (10/2015 - 04/2010)
6.	Haigis, Marcia C: 4 articles (09/2015 - 08/2010)
7.	Mai, Antonello: 4 articles (01/2015 - 02/2010)
8.	Lin, Hening: 4 articles (05/2014 - 08/2012)
9.	Bruzzone, Santina: 3 articles (08/2015 - 01/2011)
10.	Nencioni, Alessio: 3 articles (08/2015 - 01/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Neurodegenerative Diseases (Neurodegenerative Disease) 10/01/2013 - "Lastly, we highlight the numerous studies suggesting that sirtuins are efficacious therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disease and injury." 02/01/2014 - "Sirtuins are considered attractive therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders. " 12/01/2013 - "The sirtuins show strong potential to become valuable predictive and prognostic markers for diseases and as therapeutic targets for the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. " 09/01/2013 - "Most of the known sirtuins have been involved in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD. " 07/01/2013 - "Lastly, we discuss PGC-1α, TORC and Sirtuins as potential therapeutic targets for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 01/01/2014 - "Numerous studies have suggested that sirtuins could be of great significance with regard to both antiaging and tumorigenesis, depending on its targets in specific signaling pathways or in specific cancers. " 11/01/2013 - "The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies on mammalian sirtuins that coordinately regulate cellular metabolic homeostasis upon fasting and to summarize the beneficial effects of fasting on carcinogenesis and cancer therapy. " 09/01/2013 - "While the functions of Sirt1 in tumorigenesis have been reported and reviewed in many studies, the connection between sirtuins 2-7 and the development of cancer is less established. " 03/01/2013 - "Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), the mammalian homologs of the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been a major focus of study in the scientific community this past decade because of their emerging role in cancer biology and other age-related diseases. " 06/01/2011 - "Some sirtuins, such as SirT2 and SirT6, seem to work as tumor suppressors, but others, such as SirT1, are apparently bifunctional: operating as both tumor suppressors and oncogenic factors depending on the context and the study conditions. "
3.	Inflammation 01/01/2011 - "In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of endogenous sirtuins in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), a cell type playing a key role in the development and maintenance of skin inflammation. " 09/12/2013 - "In the past few years sirtuins have gained growing attention for their involvement in many biological processes such as cellular metabolism, apoptosis, aging and inflammation. " 09/01/2013 - "Recently, Sirtuins (Sirt1-7), the mammalian homologues of aging-related sir2α in yeast, have been shown to modulate several major cellular pathways, such as DNA repair, inflammation, metabolism, cell death, and proliferation in response to diverse stresses, and may serve as a possible molecular link between aging and tumorignenesis. " 05/01/2013 - "Inflammation represents a pathological situation with clear connections to metabolism and aging in humans, raising the possibility that sirtuins may also play an important role during a normal and/or a pathological immune response. " 09/01/2012 - "Sirtuins activity is linked to gene repression, metabolic control, apoptosis and cell survival, DNA repair, development, inflammation, neuroprotection, and healthy aging. "
4.	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) 09/01/2013 - "The versatile role of sirtuins can be readily redirected for drug discovery studies for novel treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as presented in this highlight, by sirtuin-mediated ketogenic responses influencing mitochondrial function. " 01/01/2013 - "Differential sirtuin expression patterns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) postmortem tissue: neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties of sirtuins in ALS?" 01/01/2013 - "Sirtuins (SIRT1-7; class III histone deactylases) modulate fundamental mechanisms in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). " 01/01/2012 - "In particular, a number of studies have unequivocally supported the idea of sirtuins having therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. "
5.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 03/01/2010 - "On the other hand, results of research carried out on the sirtuins activity suggest that their overexpression could be related to Parkinson's disease, or some kind of cancer, however it was also shown that sirtuin inhibitors could be useful for the treatment of cancers by inhibition the formation of tumours and induction of apoptosis. " 06/15/2011 - "As key regulators involved in numerous cellular signalling pathways, sirtuins are also emerging as potential targets in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease and others, thus suggesting modulation of sirtuin activity could provide an interesting and novel therapeutic option. " 04/01/2014 - "Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: interactions of oxidative stress, tryptophan catabolites and depression with mitochondria and sirtuins." 04/15/2008 - "Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent enzymes that have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including pathways that affect diabetes, cancer, lifespan and Parkinson's disease. " 04/01/2014 - "This produces a longer term developmental perspective of Parkinson's disease, which incorporates tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), lipid peroxidation, sirtuins, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and circadian genes. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	NAD (NADH)
2.	Enzymes
3.	PPAR gamma
4.	Histone Deacetylases (Histone Deacetylase)
5.	Chromatin
6.	NADPH Oxidase (NAD(P)H oxidase)
7.	NADP (NADPH)
8.	Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1)
9.	Apolipoproteins E (ApoE)
10.	Apolipoproteins

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Caloric Restriction
2.	Synchrotrons